Drug Awareness Presentation

San Felipe Del Rio Consolidated ISD

What are Drugs?

Drugs are chemicals and substances that affect

both your mind and your body. The prolonged

use of drugs may lead to physical and/or

psychological dependence. An overdose of any

drug may lead to death.

Why do teens try drugs?

RISK FACTORS

• FRIENDS WHO USE DRUGS

• ABSENCE OF HEALTHY RECREATIONAL OR LEISURE INTERESTS

• EARLY ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR (E.G., AGGRESSION, HYPERACTIVITY,

DEFIANCE)

• PARENTAL DRUG USE

• ACADEMIC FAILURE, LITTLE COMMITMENT TO SCHOOL

• FAVORABLE ATTITUDE TOWARDS DRUGS

• PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO ALCOHOL (FAS/E)

• FAMILY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS

– POORLY DEFINED RULES

– LACK OF MONITORING

– EXCESSIVE DISCIPLINE

– NEGATIVE COMMUNICATION PATTERNS

– POOR ANGER MANAGEMENT

Types of Drugs

Stimulants (Uppers) Depressants (Downers) Hallucinogens

What

do they do?

Speed up the brain and

central nervous system.

What

do they do?

Slow down the brain and

central nervous system.

What

do they do?

These drugs alter the

user’s state of

consciousness. (Distort

auditory and visual

sensations)

Examples:

Caffeine (coffee,

energy

drinks, tea)

Nicotine (cigarettes)

Amphetamines (meth,

ecstasy)

Speed

“Bath salts”

Cocaine and Crack

Cocaine

Diet Pills

Examples:

Alcohol (beer, wine,

vodka, tequila, gin, etc.)

Heroin

Tranquilizers

Sleeping Pills

Marijuana

Examples:

LSD

Ecstasy

Magic mushrooms

Peyote

PCP

Alcohol

Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. Alcohol goes

directly from your digestive system into your blood stream and

within minutes it spreads to the entire body. The brain gets the

highest concentration because it gets more blood than any other

part of the body.

In low doses causes:

In medium doses causes:

In high doses causes:

A relaxing effect

Reduced tension

Lower inhibitions

Impaired

concentration

Slower reflexes

Impaired reaction

time

Reduced coordination

Slurred speech

Drowsiness

Altered emotions

Vomiting

Breathing difficulties

Unconsciousness

Coma

DEATH!

Alcohol’s Effects on the Body

Central Nervous System

- Altered Speech

- Hazy thinking

- Slowed reaction time

- Dulled hearing

- Impaired vision

- Weakened muscles

- Foggy memory

Alcohol’s Effects on the Body

Liver

Long-term excessive drinking can cause:

• Fatty liver Disease: the earliest state of alcohol-related liver

disease. It is the build up of extra fat in liver cells. Almost all

heavy drinkers have fatty liver disease. However, if they stop

drinking, fatty liver disease will usually go away.

Symptoms (if any) include: fatigue, weakness and weight

loss.

Alcohol’s Effects on the Body

Liver

Long-term excessive drinking can cause:

• Alcoholic Hepatitis: Causes the liver to swell and become

damaged. Up to 35% of heavy drinkers develop alcoholic

hepatitis. Alcoholic Hepatitis can be mild or severe. If it is

mild, liver damage may be reversed. If it is severe, it may

occur suddenly and quickly lead to serious complications

including liver failure and death.

Symptoms include: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting,

abdominal pain, fever and jaundice.

Alcohol’s Effects on the Body

Liver

Long-term excessive drinking can cause:

• Alcoholic cirrhosis: Alcoholic cirrhosis is the scarring of the liver – hard

scar tissue replaces soft and healthy tissue. It is the most serious type of

alcohol related liver disease. Between 10 and 20 percent of heavy

drinkers develop cirrhosis. The damage from cirrhosis cannot be

reversed and can cause liver failure. Not drinking alcohol can help

prevent further damage.

Alcohol’s Effects on the Body

Kidneys

- Impairs their ability to regulate the volume and composition of fluid and

electrolytes in the body

Heart

- Chronic, heavy alcohol use increases the risk of heart disease.

- Alcohol can also worsen high blood pressure and diabetes, two risk factors for

heart disease.

Alcohol Kidney Damage

Alcohol: Drinking and Driving

Not only does Alcohol damage your body, it can cause you to murder or

seriously hurt someone with a vehicle.

FACT: An estimated 32% of fatal car crashes involve an intoxicated driver or

pedestrian. Drinking alcohol and driving simply do not go together.

Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) is a Crime!

If you are intoxicated, you will face a substantial fine, a mandatory surcharge,

license revocation, higher insurance premiums, and possible incarceration.

You also won’t be eligible to receive Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) for college.

NICOTINE AND TOBACCO

Tobacco and nicotine can be addictive like alcohol,

cocaine and morphine.

Causes: Tobacco is a plant grown for its leaves,

which are smoked, chewed, or sniffed for a variety

of effects.

• Tobacco contains a chemical called nicotine.

Nicotine is an addictive substance.

• Tobacco also contains more than 19 known

chemicals that can cause cancer. As a group,

these are called “tar.” More than 4,000 other

chemicals can be found in tobacco.

NICOTINE AND TOBACCO-

Medical Consequences

Information taken from www.cdc.gov

NICOTINE AND TOBACCO-

Medical Consequences

NICOTINE AND TOBACCO-

Quitting

Why Is It So Hard to Quit?

Tobacco users often get hooked on nicotine—the drug in

cigarettes, cigars,and smokeless tobacco (snuff and

chewing tobacco). Many teens and young adults plan to

quit using tobacco after a few years but find out too late

how powerfully addictive nicotine can be. Like heroin

and cocaine, nicotine acts on the brain and creates

feelings of pleasure or satisfaction. Young brains are still

developing. That may be one reason many teens feel

dependent on tobacco after using it for only a short

time.

MARIJUANA

Marijuana is a brown mix of dried flowers, stems, seeds and leaves from the hemp plant

Cannabis sativa. The main active chemical is THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), which moves quickly

through the bloodstream to the brain and other organs throughout the body.

AKA: Blunt, dope, ganja, grass, joint, bud, Mary Jane, pot, reefer, green, skunk, weed, hash, tea,

chronic, loud

The Bottom Line: Marijuana has the potential to cause problems in your daily life, or make existing

problems worse. It limits your brain’s effectiveness, slows down thinking, and impairs coordination and

judgment. While you’re young and still maturing, marijuana can have a long-lasting, negative impact

on your developing brain.

Short Term Effects Long Term Effects

Poor memory and ability to learn

Difficulty in thinking and solving problems

Poor muscle coordination & judgment

Short attention span

Dangerous driving behavior

Altered sense of time and space

Food cravings

Poor memory

Anxiety or feelings of paranoia

Breathing problems

- Immune system. The THC in marijuana can

damage the cells and tissues in the body

that help protect against disease.

Memory, learning, and energy are

impaired.

Birth defects in unborn children

May cause cancer with heavy use.

BATH SALTS

“Bath Salts” is a synthetic stimulant, typically in the form of a white or brown crystalline

powder, that contains one or more chemicals that are physically similar to amphetamines and

MDMA (Ecstasy), but whose effects on the human brain are not fully known yet. Because the

drug is new and some of the contents unknown, using Bath Salts in any way is highly

dangerous.

AKA: Blizzard, Blue Silk, Charge+, Ivory Snow, Ivory Wave, Ocean Burst, Vanilla Sky

The Bottom Line: Since it contains amphetamine-like chemicals, bath salts are likely to carry the

risk of stroke, heart attack and sudden death.

The Risks

Extreme Agitation

Hallucinations & Delusions

Chest Pain

Suicidal Thoughts

High Blood Pressure

Acute Toxicity

Hyperthermia

Delirium

Violent Behavior

Foaming at the mouth

Extreme Paranoia

Parkinson-Type Limb Twitching

Severe Insomnia

METH

Meth, or methamphetamine, is a powerfully addictive stimulant that is both long-lasting and

toxic to the brain. Its chemistry is similar to speed, but meth has far more dangerous effects on

the body’s central nervous system. Meth has a high potential for abuse and may lead to severe

psychological or physical dependence.

AKA: Ice, crank, chalk, crystal, fire, glass, go fast, speed, Tina, T

The Bottom Line: Meth is powerfully addictive and damaging to your body and brain.

Short Term Effects Long Term Effects

Rapid/Irregular heartbeat

Increased blood pressure

Elevated body temperatures

Reduced motor skills

Impaired verbal skills

Hallucinations

Convulsions and seizures

Panic and psychosis

Death from a stroke, heart attack or organ

failure due to overheating.

Extreme weight-loss

Dental problems

Sores and scabs on your skin and face

Anxiety and violence

Paranoia, hallucinations and delusions

Sensation of insects crawling under the skin

Extreme tooth decay

Depression

Damage to the brain similar to Alzheimer’s

disease

Stroke and spilepsy

Faces of Meth

HEROIN

Heroin is a highly addictive drug. Overdose is a real, and deadly risk. Heroin is an opiate, a class of

drugs that are either naturally derived from the flowers of the poppy plant, or synthetic substitutes.

In the case of heroin, it’s produced from morphine, a naturally occurring substance that comes from

the seedpod of poppy plants. It carries a strong risk of addiction and physical dependence. Heroin is

abused by injecting, snorting or smoking it, and all three can cause the same level of addiction, as well

as serious health problems. Targets and stimulates brain’s natural reward system.

AKA: Smack, horse, brown sugar, dope, H, junk, skag, skunk, white horse, China white, Mexican black

tar

The Bottom Line: It’s a fast high, but just as quickly, it can take over your

life and be fatal. Heroin and other opiate addictions are treatable,

but the path to recovery requires a commitment that can

often last years or even decades

Short Term Effects Long Term Effects

Suppressed breathing

Nausea and vomiting

Blood clots can form and

travel to the lungs, liver,

heart or brain, which is

instantly fatal.

Addiction and physical

dependency in a short

amount of time

- Infection of the heart lining

and valves

Liver disease

Lung disease

Hepatitis and HIV/AIDS

from needle use

COCAINE

Cocaine is a highly addictive drug that can be risky even the first time you use it. It is a

hydrochloride salt derived from processed extracts of the leaves of the coca plant.

Overstimulates the brain’s natural reward system, causing it to be a highly addictive drug.

AKA: Blow, bump, C, candy, Charlie, coke, snow

The Bottom Line: Using cocaine even once is dangerous, and the more you use it, the worse the

effects are on your brain and heart. Cocaine-related deaths are often caused by cardiac arrest

or seizures, followed by respiratory failure.

Short Term Effects Long Term Effects

Increased heart rate

Increased blood pressure

Increased body temperature

Seizures

Cardiac arrest

Death

Irritability and anxiety

Paranoid psychosis

Scabs to form on your mucus membranes

Damage to nasal septum

Eventually make your nose collapse

Depression

Agitation and mania

CRACK-COCAINE

Crack-cocaine is the crystal form of cocaine, which normally comes in powder form. It comes in

solid blocks or crystals varying in color from yellow to pale rose or white. Crack is heated and

smoked, which allows it to reach the brain more quickly and brings an immediate and intense –

but short lived- high. Addiction can develop even more rapidly if the substance is smoked. An

abuser can become addicted after his or her first time trying crack.

AKA: Crumbs, hard rock, rock, crack, apple jacks, tornado, snow coke, sugar block, ice cube

Short Term Effects Long Term Effects

Loss of appetite

Increased heart rate, blood pressure, body

temperature

Contracted blood vessels

Increased rate of breathing

Dilated pupils

Disturbed sleep patterns

Nausea

Bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behavior

Hallucinations

Anxiety and paranoia

Depression

Panic and psychosis

Convulsions, seizures and sudden death from high

doses(even one time)

High blood pressure, leading to heart attacks,

strokes and death.

Liver, kidney and lung damage

Severe chest pains

Respiratory failure

Infectious diseases and abscesses if injected

Malnutrition, weight loss

Severe tooth decay

Auditory and tactile hallucinations

Irritability and mood disturbances

Increased frequency of risky behavior

Delirium and psychosis

Severe depression

Tolerance and addiction (even after just one use)

ECSTASY

• Was developed by Merck Pharmaceutical Company in 1912. It was known as “MDMA”. It

was used in 1953 by the US Army in psychological warfare tests. Later in the 1960s it

resurfaced as a psychotherapy medication to “lower inhibitions”. In the 1970s it started

being used as a party drug. In 1985 the drug was banned due to safety concerns.

• Ecstasy today can contain a wide mixture of substances – from LSD, cocaine, heroin,

amphetamine and methamphetamine, to rat poison, caffeine, dog deworming substances,

etc.

• Most often comes in a pill form, but can be injected and taken in other ways. Liquid Ecstasy

is actually GHB, a nervous system depressant – a substance that can be also found in drain

cleaner, flood stripper and degreasing solvents.

Short Term Effects Long Term Effects

Impaired judgment

False sense of affection

Confusion

Depression

Sleep problems

Severe anxiety and paranoia

Faintness and chills or swelling

Blurred vision

Involuntary teeth clenching

Nausea

Long lasting brain damage affecting thought and

memory

Damage to portions of the brain that regulate critical

functions such as learning, sleep and emotion.

Degenerate nerve branches and nerve endings

Depression, anxiety, memory loss

Kidney failure

Hemorrhaging

Psychosis

Convulsions

Death

LSD

• LSD is one of the most potent, mood-changing chemicals. It is manufactured from lysergic

acid, which is found in the ergot fungus that grows on rye and other grains.

• AKA “acid”, sold on the street in small tablets, capsules, or gelatin squares.

• LSD causes a serious disconnection from reality. LSD users calls an LSD experience a “trip”

typically lasting twelve hours or so.

• An intense, altered state transforms into disassociation and despair.

Physical Effects Mental Effects

Dilated pupils

Higher or lower body temperature

Sweating or chills

Loss of appetite

Sleeplessness

Dry mouth

Tremors

Delusions

Visual hallucinations

An artificial sense of euphoria or certainty

Distortion of one’s sense of time and identity

Impaired depth perception

Impaired time perception

Severe, terrifying thoughts and feelings

Fear of losing control

Panic attacks

Flashbacks, or a recurrence of the LSD trip, often

without warning long after taking LSD

Severe depression or psychosis

PRESCRIPTION DRUGS

• Recreational use of prescription drugs is a serious problem with

teens and young adults. Many teens think prescription drugs are

safe because they are prescribed by a doctor, but taking them for

nonmedical use to get high or “self medicate” can be just as

dangerous and addictive as taking illegal street drugs.

• There are very serious health risks in taking prescription drugs.

This is why they are taken only under the care of a doctor, and

even then, they have to be closely monitored to avoid addiction

or other problems.

• Many pills look the same. It is extremely dangerous to take any

pill that you are uncertain about. People can also have different

reactions to drugs due to the differences in each person’s body

chemistry. A drug that was ok for one person could be very risky,

even fatal, for someone else.

Types of Abused Prescription Drugs

PRESCRIPTION DRUGS

Types

Description

Examples

Effects

Depressants

AKA:

Downers,

Sleeping Pills

These drugs slow brain

function. They include

sedatives (used to make a

person calm and drowsy) and

tranquilizers (intended to

reduce tension or anxiety)

Xanax,

Klonopin,

Halcion, Librium,

Amytal

, Seconal,

Zyprexa

, Valium

Short Term:

Slow brain function, pulse and

breathing; lowered blood pressure; poor

concentration; dizziness; depression; addiction

Long Term:

Overdose; depression; chronic

fatigue; breathing difficulties; cravings;

anxiety; panic; insomnia

Opioids and

morphine

derivatives

Generally

referred to as

painkillers, these drugs

contain opium or opium

-like

substances and are used to

relieve pain.

Florional

with

Codeine,

Robitussin A

-C,

Roxanol, Demerol,

Duramorph

Short Term:

Drowsiness; slowed breathing;

constipation; unconsciousness; nausea;

coma

Long Term:

physical dependence and

addiction; overdose.

Withdrawal symptoms:

restlessness; muscle

and bone pain; insomnia; vomiting; diarrhea

Stimulants

AKA: Uppers,

Speed

A class of drugs intended to

increase energy and alertness

but which also increase blood

pressure, heart rate and

breathing.

Ritalin,

Concerta,

Biphetamine

Dexedrine

Short Term:

exhaustion; apathy and

depression

Long

Term: Addiction; hostility; paranoia;

dangerously high body temperatures and an

irregular heartbeat

Antidepressants

Psychiatric drugs that are

supposed

to handle

depression

Zoloft, Prozac,

Paxil,

Celexa,

Effexor,

Remeron

Insomnia; irritability; nervousness and anxiety;

violent thoughts and actions; agitation;

suicidal thoughts or suicide; tremors; hostility;

aggression; criminal behavior; paranoia;

hallucinations; psychosis

ANABOLIC STEROIDS

Anabolic steroids can be legally prescribed to treat conditions resulting from steroid hormone

deficiency, such as delayed puberty, as well as diseases that result in loss of lean muscle mass,

such as cancer and AIDS, but some athletes, bodybuilders, and others abuse these drugs in an

attempt to enhance performance and/or improve their physical appearance.

Abuse of anabolic steroids may lead to:

Aggression, paranoia, jealousy, delusions, impaired judgments stemming from feelings of

invincibility and other psychiatric problems. Extreme mood swings (including manic-like

symptoms and anger known as “roid rage”) that can lead to violence are can also occur.

Other health effects:

Males

Females

Adolescents

Both

Shrinkage of the

testicles

Reduced sperm count

or infertility

Baldness

- Development of breasts

Increased risk for

prostate cancer

Growth of facial hair

Male-pattern baldness

- Changes in or cessation

of the menstrual cycle

Deepened voice

Stunted growth due to

premature skeletal

maturation and

accelerated puberty

changes

Risk of not reaching

expected height if

steroid use precedes

the typical adolescent

growth spurt

Kidney impairment

failure; damage to the liver;

cardiovascular problems

including enlargement of

the heart, high blood

pressure, and changes in

blood cholesterol leading to

an increased risk of stroke

and heart attack (even in

young people)

Risk

of spreading HIV/AIDS

or hepatitis

Celebrity Deaths Caused by Drugs

Cory Monteith

Actor (Glee)

Cause of Death:

Toxic mix of heroin & alcohol

(2013, Age 31)

Phillip Seymour Hoffman

Actor

Cause of Death: Heroin

overdose (2014, Age 46)

Whitney Houston

Singer & Actress

Cause of Death: Complications of cocaine

and heart disease (2012, Age 48)

Amy Winehouse

Singer

Cause of Death: Fatal alcohol

poisoning; alcoholism

(2011, Age 27)

Michael Jackson

Pop Singer and Icon

Cause of Death: Cardiac arrest,

acute propofol intoxication,

various prescription drugs (2009,

Age 50)

Heath Ledger

Actor

Cause of Death: Combined drug

toxicity due to oxycodone,

hydrocodone, alprazolam, diazepam,

temazepan, doxylamine (2008, Age 28)

CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG USE- ON CHILDREN

• MISCARRIAGES

• PREMATURE BIRTH

• LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

• BIRTH DEFECTS

• DEVELOPMENTAL PROBLEMS

CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG USE-

SOCIETY

CRIMES SUCH AS:

• DRUG POSSESSION

• DRUG USE

• DRUG TRAFFICKING

• DRUG MANUFACTURING

• THEFT

• BREAK AND ENTER

• ROBBERY

• MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT

• MURDER

RESULT IN:

• JAIL TIME

• MASSIVE LEGAL FINES

• NOT ELIGIBLE FOR FEDERAL

STUDENT LOAN AID FOR

COLLEGE

• TROUBLE BECOMING

EMPLOYED

• HOMELESSNESS

• FAILED RELATIONSHIPS WITH

FAMILY AND FRIENDS

• ADDICTION/DEPENDENCY ON

DRUGS LEADING TO MORE

CRIME

• DEATH

DRUG ABUSE IS PREVENTABLE & DRUG ADDICTION IS A

TREATABLE DISEASE

Drug abuse and addiction affect every segment of society. That’s all of us.

Not one person is immune from the disease of addiction.

Prevent drug abuse by :

- Being informed of the risks associated with substance abuse

- Involvement in alternative activities

- Build self-confidence

- Make positive future plans

- Be brave enough to say “NO!”

- Surround yourself with friends who disapprove of drug use

- Solve underlying issues that might lead to future

drug abuse with a professional such as a school counselor.

DRUG ABUSE IS PREVENTABLE & DRUG ADDICTION IS A

TREATABLE DISEASE

Brains from addicts are different from the brains of people who are not addicted. It is

difficult, in some cases impossible, to return the brain to normal. Because drug abuse and

addiction have so many dimensions and disrupt so many aspects of an individual's life,

treatment is not simple. Effective treatment programs typically incorporate many

components, each directed to a particular aspect of the illness and its consequences.

Addiction treatment must help the individual stop using drugs, maintain a drug-free

lifestyle, and achieve productive functioning in the family, at work, and in society. Because

addiction is typically a chronic disease, people cannot simply stop using drugs for a few

days and be cured. Most patients require long-term or repeated episodes of care to

achieve the ultimate goal of sustained abstinence and recovery of their lives.

IS IT WORTH THE RISK?

TRYING A DRUG MIGHT COST YOU MUCH MORE THAN YOU

BARGAINED FOR. IS IT WORTH THE RISK?

DO YOU WANT TO DO THIS TO YOURSELF?

SOURCES