1
AMERICAN DAIRY GOAT ASSOCIATION
SINCE 1904 ~ TRUSTED ~ RESPECTED
The American Dairy Goat Association was
organized in 1904 to collect, record and
preserve the pedigrees of dairy goats, provide
genetic, management, and related services of
the highest possible quality to dairy goat
breeders, while maintaining the credibility of
information, the integrity of the registry, and
contributing to a public perception and political
climate for the dairy goat industry that will
provide optimum economic opportunities for
Association members.
Shows and production testing give breeders
and exhibitors opportunities to compete for
awards. These programs also demonstrate
progress in breeding for type, quality, and
ability to produce.
The Association annually publishes a series of
Summaries which contains the previous year’s
production records, linear appraisal scores,
USDA information and show records.
No dairy goat registry in the world has come so
far, so fast as the American Dairy Goat
Association.
This Guidebook presents the Constitution and
Bylaws of the Association, incorporating the
rules and regulations under which the
Association functions.
© 2022 by American Dairy Goat Association
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American Dairy Goat Association
PO Box 865 • 161 W. Main Street • Spindale NC 28160
Phone (828) 286-3801
Fax (828) 287-0476
ADGA.org
HISTORIC HERD NAMES
Albuquerque 1983
Aspen Hills 2017
Bakri 1981
Ben-Fair 1981
Buckeye 1981
Buenna 1981
Cadillac 1985
Capric 1987
Chevonshire 1981
Chikaming 2014
Chimney Rock 1981
Clovertop’s 2013
“D” 1981
Da Ruth 1981
Del-Norte 1981
Des-Ruhigestelle 2009
Echo 1981
El Chivar 1981
Elm Hills 1991
Evania 1983
Fay’s 1981
Hallcienda 2009
Hoosier Acres 1987
Hurricane Acres 1983
Indian Rock 1981
Ivy Lane 1986
La Honda Springs 1986
La Suise 1981
Laurel Hill 2000
Laurelwood Acres 1987
Lee's Blond 1981
Little Hill (Rock) 1981
Little Orchard 2018
Longden Acres 2008
Melody’s 1981
Mel-O-Roy 1981
Midolane 1981
Morada 1981
Muirhill 1991
Naja 1981
Nixon’s/Nixon’s Hilmar Farms 2014
Nodaway 2018
Oakwood's 2016
Peg’s 1981
Price O The Field 2017
Play Fair 1981
Puritan 1981
Quixote 2019
RayMar 2012
Rio-Linda 2009
Robranna 1981
Sartyr/Diamond Star 2017
Seneca Valley 2000
Shagbark 1991
Shahena’Ko 2008
Sodium Oaks 1991
Sunshine/Diamond Sunshine 2014
Tyler’s 1981
Valley Park Hills 1981
Yokelawn 1981
7L 1981
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Table of Contents
CONSTITUTION .............................................................................9
Article I. Name ..................................................................................9
Article II. Purpose .............................................................................9
Article III. Location and Territory ..................................................9
Article IV. Membership ....................................................................9
Article V. Board of Directors ...........................................................9
Article VI. Meetings ........................................................................10
Article VII. Elections ......................................................................11
Article VIII. Officers ......................................................................13
Article IX. Executive Committee ...................................................14
Article X. Complaints .....................................................................14
Article XI. Committees ...................................................................16
Article XII. Audit ............................................................................16
Article XIII. Liability ......................................................................16
Article XIV. Amendments ..............................................................16
Article XV. Procedure ....................................................................16
BYLAWS ......................................................................................17
Article I. Membership.....................................................................17
Article II. Board of Directors .........................................................20
Article III. Elections ........................................................................22
Article IV. Officers..........................................................................23
Article V. Executive Committee .....................................................24
Article VI. Committees ...................................................................25
A. Standing Committees ...........................................................25
B. Committee Strategic Items ...................................................25
C. Committee Guidelines .........................................................25
1. Annual Meeting ............................................................25
2. Annual Meeting Long Range ........................................26
3. Awards ..........................................................................26
4. Breed Standards ............................................................29
5. Constitution & Bylaws ..................................................30
6. Finance .........................................................................30
7. Genetic Advancement ...................................................30
8. Government and International Liaison ..........................30
9. History ..........................................................................31
10. Information Management ..............................................31
11. Judges ...........................................................................31
12. Judges Training, Assessment & Licensing ....................32
13. Advanced Judges ..........................................................32
14. Linear Appraisal ...........................................................32
15. Membership ..................................................................32
16. National Show ..............................................................32
a. Fund Raising Subcommittee .....................................38
b. Local Liaison Subcommittee.....................................38
c. Long-Range Goals & Policies Subcommittee ...........38
17. Production Testing ........................................................39
18. Products ........................................................................39
19. Publicity/Promotional/Educational ...............................39
20. Registration ...................................................................39
21. Reproductive Technology .............................................39
22. Scholarships ..................................................................39
23. Shows ...........................................................................39
24. Spotlight Sale ...............................................................40
25. Type ..............................................................................40
26. Youth Activities ............................................................40
27. Youth/4-H/FFA Projects ...............................................40
ADGA Research Foundation ........................................40
Official ADGA Representative .....................................41
Article VII. Tattoo Policy ...............................................................42
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Article VIII. Rules for Registration and Recordation ..................43
A. Rules for Registration of Purebred Dairy Goats ...................44
B. Rules for Naming.................................................................46
C. Rules for Transfer ................................................................47
D. Recordation of Grade Dairy Goats or
Registration of American Breeds .........................................47
E. Recordation of Grades (Female Only) .................................48
F. Registration of American Breeds .........................................50
G. Entry into Experimental Register .........................................52
H. Entry into Grade Experimental Record (Female Only) ........52
I. Rules for Changing Herd Books ..........................................53
J. Re-registering American Goat Society and
Canadian Goat Society Dairy Goats with ADGA ................54
K. Re-registering Guernsey Goat Breeders of America
and British Goat Society Guernsey Goats with ADGA ........55
L. Procedure for Breeds Requesting ADGA Recognition ........56
M. Registration of Artificial Insemination Progeny ..................58
N. Registering Progeny from Embryo Transfers .......................61
O. Registration of Individuals Resulting from Cloning ............63
Article IX. Rules for Official Testing .............................................64
A. General ADGA Testing Rules .............................................64
B. Minimum Requirements for Group Testing Program ..........69
C. Testing Plans Approved by ADGA Directors ......................70
D. Verification Test Rules & Guidelines ..................................72
E. DHIR Requirements for Advanced Registry ........................74
F. Rules Governing the Conduct of
ADGA Official Milking Competitions ................................76
G. Rules Governing ADGA Production Recognition ...............78
H. Guidelines for Advertising Milk Records ............................80
Article X. Linear Appraisal ............................................................80
A. Definition of Linear Appraisal .............................................80
B. Eligibility for Linear Appraisal ............................................81
C. Application for Linear Appraisal .........................................83
D. Costs of Appraisal ...............................................................83
E. Scheduling of Linear Appraisal ...........................................85
F. Appraiser Restrictions .........................................................85
G. Linear Appraisal Scoring .....................................................85
H. Reappraisal ..........................................................................86
I. Linear Appraisal Advertising ...............................................86
J. Complaints ...........................................................................86
K. Enforcement ........................................................................87
L. Guidelines for the Appraiser ................................................87
M. Linear Appraisal Education .................................................88
Article XI. Sire Development Program .........................................88
Article XII. Rules Governing the Conduct of Official Shows ......89
A. Eligibility .............................................................................89
B. Show Sanctioning and Fees .................................................90
C. Rules Governing Show Officials and Judges .......................91
D. Rules Governing Preshow Milkout ......................................92
E. Arrangement of Classes and Making of Awards ..................93
F. Junior Doe Shows, Junior Division Classes
and Championships (Does & Bucks) ...................................95
G. Senior Doe Shows, Senior Division Class
and Championships (Does & Bucks) ...................................95
H. Selecting the Grand Champion (Does & Bucks) ..................95
I. Selecting the Reserve Grand Champion
(Does & Bucks) ...................................................................95
J. Winning a Leg Toward Championship ................................96
K. Official Report of Awards ................................................. 100
L. Reports .............................................................................. 102
M. Complaints and Penalties ................................................... 104
N. Definitions ......................................................................... 104
O. Code of Ethics for Exhibitors and Show Committees ........ 106
Article XIII. Judging Dairy Goats ............................................... 106
A. So You Are Going to Be a Judge ....................................... 106
B. Reasons .............................................................................. 109
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C. Suggested Terminology ..................................................... 111
D. Written Reasons Practice Sheet ......................................... 116
E. Evaluation of Defects ........................................................ 116
F. Judging Males .................................................................... 124
G. Judging Group Classes ...................................................... 124
H. Guide for Judges of Dairy Goat Showmanship .................. 125
I. Judging of 4-H Grooming and Showmanship .................... 126
Article XIV. Official Judges ......................................................... 126
A. Rules for Eligibility as an ADGA Judge
and ADGA Obligations............................................... 126
B. Rules for Certification as an ADGA Judge ........................ 127
C. Pre-Judges Training Conference ........................................ 130
D. Training Conferences ......................................................... 132
E. Pledge of Eligibility and Ethics for Judges ........................ 134
F. Judges Recognition Program ............................................. 135
G. Complaints, Hearings, and Enforcement Procedures ......... 135
H. Standards of Attire and Appearance .................................. 139
Article XV. Parts of a Dairy Goat ................................................ 139
Article XVI. Breed Standards ...................................................... 141
Article XVII. Evaluation of Defects—Summary ........................ 143
Article XVIII. ADGA Scorecard .................................................. 149
A. General Appearance........................................................... 150
B. Dairy Strength ................................................................... 150
C. Body Capacity ................................................................... 151
D. Mammary System .............................................................. 151
E. Showmanship .................................................................... 152
F. Herdsmanship .................................................................... 154
Article XIX. Recommended Trade Practices for Members ....... 154
Article XX. Genetic Awards Program ......................................... 155
Article XXI. Genetic Conditions Policies ................................... 156
Article XXII. Schedule of Rates ................................................... 163
Appendix ...................................................................................... 167
How to Become an ADGA Member .................................. 167
How to Register a Dairy Goat ............................................ 167
Measuring the Nigerian Dwarf Breed ................................ 167
How to Transfer Ownership............................................... 168
Authorized Signatures ....................................................... 168
Electronic Signature Acceptance ....................................... 168
How to Register a Herd Name ........................................... 169
Service Memo (Certificate of Service)............................... 170
Duplicate Certificate .......................................................... 170
Revision of Certificate ....................................................... 170
ADGA Recordation Program ............................................. 171
Certificate of Identification Program ................................. 171
Tattooing ........................................................................... 171
Electronic Identification .................................................... 173
National Sales .................................................................... 175
DNA Typing ...................................................................... 176
Embryo Transfer ................................................................ 180
ADGA Plus ........................................................................ 181
Elections Protocol .............................................................. 181
Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site ...................... 185
ADGA Academic Scholarships ......................................... 185
IAFE National Code of Show Ring Ethics ......................... 186
Dairy Goat Well-Being Policies ........................................ 186
Index .............................................................................................. 190
Areas of revision since the previous year are underlined.
Metric equivalents have been included as points of reference only.
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2021-22 ADGA
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
DISTRICT I
24
Lorenne Toth
513 Buckley Hwy, Union, CT 06076
23
Thomas G. Cox
381 Main St., Corinth ME 04427
22
*Philip M. Cassette
17 Berry Rd., Saco ME 04072
DISTRICT II
24
Peter Snyder
759 Clinton St., Cowlesville NY 14037
23
Lynn Fleming
414 Church Rd., Pine Bush NY 12566
22
Christen S. Adels
530 Mercer Rd., Beaver Falls PA 15010
DISTRICT III
24
Christine Owen
4717 East Fork Rd., Marshall, NC 28753
24
Donald W. George
2124 Allen Jarrett Drive, Mebane NC 27302
23
Don Marston, Jr.
12571 Indian Hill Dr., Sykesville MD 21784
23
Karen Smith
1239 Walter Head Rd., Cedar Hill TN 37032
22
Kristen Ellis
1859 Thom. Sta. Rd. W., Thompson's Sta., TN 37179
22
Richard Grossman
PO Box 267, Paisley FL 32767
DISTRICT IV
24
Ed Jodlowski
2452 2050
th
Ave., Atlanta, IL 61723
24
Bruce Foster
6673 N. Meneely St., Terre Haute, IN 47805
23
Anna Thompson-Hajdik
5519 Greenleaf Dr., Madison WI 53713
23
Timothy Flickinger
655 N 1100W, Kewanna IN 46939
22
*Robin Saum
4675 Hamburg Rd., Lancaster OH 43130
22
Yvonne Marie Blosser
9263 Wonderly Rd., Mark Center OH 43536
DISTRICT V
24
La
ura
Laura Ann Warren-Hughes
21107 5
th
Street, Dawn, MO 64638
23
Ellen F. Dorsey
21181 E. Hwy. 28A, Chelsea OK 74016
DISTRICT VI
24
Marshall Losey
2100 Painted Desert Dr., Winslow AZ 86047
23
Caroline Lawson
5124 FM 1940, Franklin TX 77856
22
*Elizabeth R. Henning
6670 S. Bascom Trail, Willcox AZ 85643
DISTRICT VII
24
Dan Greene
1302 S Wilgus Rd., Prosser, WA 99350
22
*Mark Baden
4013 Military Rd. E., Tacoma WA 98446
22
Shawn Reeder
40 S 760 W., Blackfoot, ID 83221
DISTRICT VIII
24
*Joan Dean Rowe, DVM
24580 Cache St., Capay CA 95607
23
Kristina Bozzo-Baldenegro
5241 Grainflat Rd., Plymouth CA 95669
22
Trinity M. Smith Malmanis
4460 Shale Ln., Ukiah CA 95482
DIRECTORS EMERITI
June T. Bryan
3230 Adams Creek Rd., Havelock, NC 28532
Sally Callahan
5755 Dow’s Prairie Rd., McKinleyville CA 95519
Daniel J. Considine
22615 Meadowbrook Ave. N., Scandia MN 55073
Sheila Nixon
8194 Golf Link Rd., Hilmar CA 95324
* Member of Executive Committee
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2021-22 ADGA YOUTH REPRESENTATIVE
Alicia Bohren
8800 Quail Rd., Longmont CO 80503
* Deceased
DIRECTORS EMERITI
* Edwin D. Austin
* Lelia L. Berry
Sally Callahan
* Linda S. Campbell
* Robert L. Cassette
Daniel J. Considine
* Harvey Considine
* Dr. A. J. Durant
* Frank Ecker
* Robert L. Harris
* Ray Horton, Jr.
* Helen C. Hunt
* James Morrison
Sheila Nixon
* Wesley Nordfelt
* George Proctor
* Vivian Proctor
* Allan L. Rogers
* Mrs. Carl Sandburg
* Charles R. Tulloss
* D. Lyman Stubblefield
June T. Bryan
MARY L. FARLEY AWARD
1959 Mr. & Mrs. David Lindsay Lindsay
1960 Eula Fay Frey
1962 Dr. C.A.V. Barker
1964 Mrs. Carl Sandburg
1965 Dr. A. J. Durant
1968 Dr. Ivan L. Lindahl
1969 Julia B. Ernst
1974 Robert L. Harris
1976 Betty Garman Nordfelt
1978 Frank D. Murrill
1979 Dr. Samuel B. Guss
1981 Helen C. Hunt
1984 Allan L. Rogers
1985 Frank N. Dickinson
1987 Wesley Nordfelt
1989 Helen Staver
1991 George Proctor
1994 Ray, Jr. & Mary Ellen
Horton Ellen Horton
1999 Steven Schack
& Jennifer Bice
2000 Dr. George R. Wiggans
2004 Sheila Nixon
2006 Harvey Considine
2010 Vivian Proctor
2012 Karen Jo Senn
2013 Stephen Considine
2015 Jan Carlson
2016 John B. White
2018 Linda S. Campbell
2021 Daniel Considine
HELEN C. HUNT DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD
1987 Vivian Proctor Lindsay
1988 Kent Leach
1989 Frank N. Dickinson
1992 Naomi R. "Ma" Brown
1995 Raymond G. Vieira &
Manuel Cabrito, Jr.
1999 Douglas Thompson
2003 Harvey Considine
2009 Jane M. Wierschem
2010 Sally Callahan
2011 Ralph Zimmerman
2013 Gene Dershewitz
2015 Philip M. Cassette
2016 Linda S. Campbell
2016 Karyl Dronen
2017 Daniel J. Considine
2017 Robin Saum
2018 Suzanne Hammond
2021 Daniel Laney
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ADGA CALENDAR
2022
January
June 6 Primary Directorial Nomination
Ballots must be received by C.P.A.
June 4—11 Dairy Goat Awareness Week
June 25—July 1 National Show – Harrisburg, PA
July 1 Youth Convention Scholarship deadline
Aug. 1—31 National Goat Cheese Month
Aug. 8 Directorial Ballots must be received
by C.P.A.
Sep. 1 Membership expires if 2022 membership dues
not postmarked/faxed/emailed
Sep. 2—Dec. 31 Discount available on Regular membership
renewal for year 2023
Oct. 1—7 Annual Convention – Syracuse, NY
2023
January 1 2023 membership renewal fee due
March 1 Membership renewal must be
postmarked/faxed/emailed by this date to be
included in the 2023 ADGA Membership
Directory. Qualifies Regular Members to vote.
April 1 ADGA Academic Scholarship applications
postmark/fax/email deadline
June 5 Primary Directorial Nomination
Ballots must be received by C.P.A.
June 10—17 Dairy Goat Awareness Week
July 1 Youth Convention Scholarship deadline
July 14—21 National Show – Redmond, OR
Aug. 1—31 National Goat Cheese Month
Aug. 7 Directorial Ballots must be received
by C.P.A.
Sep. 1 Membership expires if 2023 membership dues
not postmarked/faxed/emailed
Sep. 2–Dec. 31 Discount available on Regular membership
renewal for year 2024
Oct. 17-23 Annual Convention – Tulsa, OK
More calendars online at adga.org/calendar.
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AMERICAN DAIRY GOAT ASSOCIATION
CONSTITUTION
PREAMBLE
With the object in view of providing regulations favorable for the
democratic operation of the American Dairy Goat Association,
we, the members, do hereby adopt this Constitution as the
fundamental law of the American Dairy Goat Association.
ARTICLE I. NAME
Section 1.
The name of the Association shall be the AMERICAN DAIRY
GOAT ASSOCIATION.
ARTICLE II. PURPOSE
Section 1.
The purposes of this Association are:
a. maintaining herd books and issuing certificates of
registration and recordation of dairy goats;
b. supervising and publishing official milk production
records of dairy goats and issuing certificates of
production; and
c. promotion and regulation of matters pertaining to the
history, publicity, breeding, exhibition, and improvement
of dairy goats.
ARTICLE III. LOCATION AND TERRITORY
Section 1.
Location. The office of the Association shall be as designated
by the Board of Directors.
Section 2.
Territory. The field of operation shall be the United States and
its possessions and also the Dominion of Canada, Mexico, and
the islands of the Atlantic Ocean, plus such other areas as shall
request registry services from the office of the Association and
meet with the approval of the Directors.
ARTICLE IV. MEMBERSHIP
Section 1.
Any reputable individual, firm, association or corporation
interested in the breeding, the sale, or the promotion of dairy
goats is eligible for membership in the Association upon
making proper application and agreeing that, if accepted into
membership, such Member will abide by and be bound by the
Constitution and by the rules and regulations of this
Association now in force and which may hereafter be adopted
by the Members and Directors of this Association (additional
information in appendix).
ARTICLE V. BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 1.
The Board of Directors shall have the power and authority to
make, amend, repeal and enforce rules and regulations not
contrary to law, the Certificate of Incorporation or this
Constitution as they may deem expedient concerning the
conduct, management and activities of the Association, all,
however, subject to revisions or amendment by the Members
under the procedure as follows:
a. Under petition to the Secretary-Treasurer, by no less than
three percent (3%) of the Members petitioning from each
Directorial District, the proposal to revise or amend
action of the Board of Directors shall be submitted to the
Members by mail by the Secretary-Treasurer in the next
10
general membership mailing, provided that mailing
occurs within ninety (90) days of the receipt of said
petition. Otherwise a special mailing must occur.
Calculation of Members eligible to petition shall be
based on those Members as of March 1 in the year of the
Board action, and in good standing as of the date of
petition submission to the Secretary-Treasurer.
b. The voting shall be closed forty-five (45) days after the
referendum has been mailed to the Members.
c. Within thirty (30) days following the vote, the Board of
Directors shall provide for the tabulation of the vote and
declare the results. The referendum shall become eligible
when a favorable vote has been declared.
d. The petition must be submitted to the Secretary-
Treasurer within twelve (12) months from the date of the
Board action. For referendum purposes only, the date of
action for decisions made by postal ballot shall be based
on the date of the annual meeting at which these
decisions were presented and reviewed.
Section 2.
The term Director, as used in this Constitution or the Bylaws
made pursuant to this Constitution shall be a person who has
been elected by the membership of a Directorial District.
Section 3.
The Board of Directors shall consist of the eligible number of
Directors elected by the Members of the Directorial Districts
into which the territory of this Association is divided.
Section 4.
In Directorial Districts having more than one State, at least one
Director must be domiciled in a State other than that of the
other Directors of that District.
Section 5.
The Directorial Districts shall be created to facilitate equitable
representation of all sections of the U.S.A. There shall be no
less than eight (8) Directorial Districts.
Section 6.
The number of Directors shall not exceed forty (40).
Section 7.
Directors shall be elected for three (3) year terms and each
District shall elect at least one (1) Director each year and no
more than two (2) for full terms in any one year.
Section 8.
Each state shall be located entirely within one district.
Section 9.
Qualifications
a. A Director must hold an individual membership in the
Association and be a natural person at least twenty-one
years of age;
b. A Director must be domiciled in the District he/she is
elected to represent.
Section 10.
No Officer, Director, or Member shall sign any notes or other
evidence of indebtedness in the name of the Association, unless
specifically authorized to do so by action of the Board of
Directors.
ARTICLE VI. MEETINGS
Section 1.
The Annual Meeting of the Members shall be held at such time
and place as may be designated by the Board of Directors or
President. At each Annual Meeting of the Members, the officers
of the Association shall give a general report of the business of
the preceding year and all actions taken by the Board of
Directors during that time and of the current financial condition
of the Association.
Section 2.
Special Meetings of the Members may be called by the Board
of Directors, or by fifteen (15) Members from each Directorial
11
District. The business transacted shall be limited to that stated
in the call.
Section 3.
All meetings of the Board of Directors shall be open to the
Members of the Association subject to supervision by the Board
of Directors. An executive session may be invoked only upon a
Member’s request when the Member’s reputation may be
damaged; for discussion pertaining to the acquisition of
property; for litigation involving the Association; or for
personnel matters.
Section 4.
All voting by Directors, except the election of officers and
Directors Emeriti, shall be by record vote so that it can be
determined how each Director voted.
Section 5.
Only Directors shall have the right to vote, make and second
motions in meetings of the Board of Directors.
Section 6.
The President shall be the Chairperson of the Board of
Directors and have a vote, in the case of tie, in addition to
his/her vote as a Director.
Section 7.
Any action taken at a meeting of the Board of Directors shall be
submitted by mail to all the Directors for approval, by majority
of votes returned, before it becomes effective, unless a majority
is present and votes for the action, in which case it shall be
effective at once.
ARTICLE VII. ELECTIONS
Section 1.
Any Director or Officer may be recalled by petition of a two-
thirds (2/3) vote of the membership with the right to vote
thereon.
Section 2.
Vacancies on the Board of Directors shall be filled for the
unexpired term of the vacancy at the next regular election.
Section 3.
The Secretary-Treasurer shall compile a complete list of
Members as of March 1 of each year and only those Members
may participate in the elections provided for hereafter.
Section 4.
On or before May 1 of each year the ADGA office shall
compile a complete list of Members as of March 1 of that year
and shall make this information available to each Member. The
Members shall be listed in alphabetical order in separate lists
for each state. The states comprising a Directorial District shall
be grouped together under the name of their district.
On or before May 1 of each year, the Secretary-Treasurer
shall mail each Member a blank primary ballot.
In the explanation accompanying the primary ballot, the
Secretary-Treasurer shall:
a. explain the number of Directors to be elected;
b. instruct the Members to make one nomination for each
vacancy; and,
c. direct the Member to mail his/her primary ballot in the
return addressed envelope.
No nomination ballots received after the first Monday in June
of that year shall be counted. On the next business day, a
Certified Public Accountant appointed by the President shall
complete tabulation of all votes cast on the sealed ballots. The
Certified Public Accountant shall mail a complete tabulation of
all votes to the Secretary-Treasurer, as well as the Executive
Committee, within two (2) days after the tabulation is made.
The Secretary-Treasurer shall draw up a slate of two (2)
candidates for each vacancy from those receiving the highest
number of votes from each district, provided they are eligible as
set forth in the Constitution and Bylaws. In the case of a tie
12
vote, the candidate who has held a continuous individual
membership in the Association for the longest time shall be
chosen. The Secretary-Treasurer shall promptly notify each
candidate that has been selected by the primary balloting as a
candidate for Director for his/her district and that his/her name
will be included accordingly on the voting ballot for electing
Directors unless he/she notifies the Secretary-Treasurer within
twenty-four (24) hours that he/she declines the nomination. In
the event a candidate declines nomination, the eligible
candidate that received the next highest number of votes shall
be substituted.
Section 5.
a. On or before July 15, the Secretary-Treasurer shall send
ballots with return envelopes to all Members, exercising
due care that each Member shall be provided with the
ballot intended for the Directorial District in which the
Member resides; and he/she shall instruct the Member to
return his/her ballot in the addressed return envelope. No
ballots received after the second Monday in August will
be counted. On the next business day, the same Certified
Public Accountant appointed for the primary balloting
shall complete tabulation of the sealed voting ballots.
The eligible candidates receiving the highest number of
votes in each District shall be declared elected. Ballots
containing votes for a greater number of candidates than
there are vacancies shall be void.
b. Within two (2) days after tabulation of the voting, the
Certified Public Accountant shall mail to the Secretary-
Treasurer, as well as to the Executive Committee, a
complete tabulation of the voting ballots. The Secretary-
Treasurer shall promptly send a formal notification to
each of the candidates declared elected. In the case of a
tie vote in the election of Directors, the candidate who
has held a continuous individual membership in the
Association for the longer time shall be declared elected.
Section 6.
a. The Secretary-Treasurer shall have prepared the
following form of ballot: At the top of the ballot shall be
the name of the Association, also the name of the
Directorial District for which the particular ballot is
intended and the names of the States comprising the
District. The election ballot shall contain an instruction to
the voter to vote for the candidates for Directorship from
his/her District by making crosses in the spaces provided.
Space shall be provided for writing in any additional
names. The instructions to the voter on the primary ballot
shall inform him/her as to the eligibility for candidates
for Director consistent with the Constitution and Bylaws
of this Association.
b. Each ballot shall have attached-by-perforation a stub.
The stub shall have a designated place for the signature
of the voter, his/her printed name, his/her membership
number, and his/her State and Directorial District. The
signature stub shall read: The Member shall mark his/her
ballot in accordance with the instructions printed on the
ballot. He/she shall then sign the signature stub and
return ballot and stub in the envelope provided, following
the instructions listed on enclosed “Ballot Envelope.”
Instructions on the Ballot Envelope shall read:
1. After marking Ballot, sign and detach “Signature
Stub.”
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2. Place ONE BALLOT ONLY in this envelope and
seal. If more than one ballot is in this envelope, those
ballots shall be voided.
3. Place both this envelope and “Signature Stub” in the
return envelope provided herewith and mail.
c. Upon receipt by the Certified Public Accountant,
Signature Stubs will be deposited in a receptacle separate
from Ballot Envelopes prior to the opening of the latter.
When ballot envelopes are opened, it will not be possible
to match Ballots with Signature Stubs. Secrecy of
balloting will thus be assured.
d. If upon examination of the signature stubs by the
Certified Public Accountant there appears dishonest
balloting, the Certified Public Accountant shall make a
complete report and mail it immediately to the Executive
Committee for appropriate action. The Executive
Committee shall make forthwith a complete report to the
Board of Directors.
Section 7.
The election procedure of this article shall apply to both the
primary and final election of Directors.
ARTICLE VIII. OFFICERS
Section 1.
The Officers shall supervise the business of the Association as
ordered by the Board of Directors in accordance with the
Constitution and the Bylaws. The Officers of the Association
shall be the President, First Vice President, Second Vice
President, Secretary-Treasurer and such other Officers as may
be authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors.
Section 2.
Officers shall hold office for a period of one year or until their
successors are elected.
Section 3.
All Officers except the Secretary-Treasurer must be Directors.
Section 4.
No Officer may hold the same office for more than three years
in succession except the Secretary-Treasurer.
Section 5.
Officers shall be elected annually with nominations from Board
of Directors. There shall be no nominations from a nominating
committee. There shall be at least two nominations for each
office.
Section 6.
In addition to those duties prescribed otherwise by the
Constitution and Bylaws, the Secretary-Treasurer shall:
a. Conduct the business of the Association as ordered by the
Board of Directors in accordance with the Constitution and
Bylaws.
b. Keep on file all documents constituting the authority for
pedigrees and for entries to the Production Record and hold
them subject to inspection of any member.
c. Prepare detailed minutes of all business meetings and shall
enter these minutes in a well-bound book as a permanent
record. He/she shall exercise due diligence in preparing the
minutes so that they may be correct in every detail, as far as
possible. Send a condensed form of the minutes, including a
summary of all Board action and other items of general
interest, along with a report of the financial condition of
ADGA to the membership as soon as possible after the
Annual Meeting. Copies of the detailed minutes to be
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prepared for distribution to all members requesting the
same.
d. Give a bond with Corporate Surety for full value of all
assets of the Association under his/her control.
e. Not obligate the Association for any accounts, contracts, or
indebtedness, except by the approval of the Board of
Directors.
ARTICLE IX. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Section 1.
The Executive Committee shall consist of the President, First
Vice President, Second Vice President, immediate past
President, if a Director (to serve no more than one year), and
any Director(s) the Board of Directors may elect to the
Executive Committee. The Secretary-Treasurer shall be a titular
Member of the Executive committee.
Section 2.
The Executive Committee shall have no more than five (5)
Members.
Section 3.
Duties. The Board of Directors shall prescribe the duties of the
Executive Committee.
ARTICLE X. COMPLAINTS
Section 1.
The Association shall have the right to make and enforce its rules
as adopted by the Board of Directors.
Section 2.
Complaints against the Association or individuals must be
submitted in writing, in the form required by the Association, and
signed by the Complaining Party. Complaints against a member
of the Association or any other person are limited to issues
dealing with the misrepresentation as to the pedigree of any
animal bred or owned by him/her; the willful misrepresentation
concerning any other fact concerning any animal owned or bred
by him/her; the use of fraud, deception or misrepresentation in
securing any membership offered by the Association; or any
conduct detrimental to the Association. Conduct detrimental to
the Association is defined as any conduct which tends to injure
the good name of the Association, disturb its well being, or
hamper it in its work. (See also Bylaw I. K.)
Section 3.
All complaints must be addressed to the Association Manager
and accompanied by a twenty-five dollar ($25.00) deposit.
Section 4. Complaints Against the Association
If the complaint is against the Association, it will be submitted by
the Association Manager to the Board of Directors. If the Board
determines the complaint justified, the deposit will be returned to
the complainant.
Section 5. Complaints Against Individuals
Within twenty-one (21) days of receiving a complaint against an
individual the Association Manager will: 1) acknowledge receipt
of the complaint to the Complaining Party; 2) forward a copy of
the complaint to the Executive Committee; and 3) send a copy of
the complaint to the Respondent by certified mail at the
Respondent’s last known address as reflected in the Association
records.
a. Within twenty-one (21) days of Respondent’s receipt of the
complaint from the Association Manager, the Respondent
may file an answer to the complaint setting forth any
defense to the charges in the complaint or any other matter
Respondent believes helpful to the resolution of the
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Complaint. The answer shall be sent to the Association
Manager at the current address of the Association’s
principal place of business.
b. Once the Association Manager has received the complaint
and response, or the time for receiving a response has
expired, the Association Manager shall refer the complaint
to the Executive Committee by sending a copy to all
members of the Committee.
c. If the complaint is deemed justified by the Executive
Committee the deposit will be returned to the Complaining
Party. In the event the Executive Committee is involved, the
Board of Directors will make the determination.
d. Within twenty-one (21) days of determining the complaint
is justified, the Executive Committee will assign the
complaint to a hearing officer or committee of the
Association for resolution.
e. No Director or member shall serve as a hearing officer or
member of a hearing committee who has a financial interest
in the outcome of the proceeding. Hearing officers or
members of a hearing committee shall be chosen based
upon their fairness and impartiality.
f. Hearings may be conducted in person, by teleconference, or
other means and will be informal and will not be subject to
the rules of evidence. The Executive Committee may call
for personal appearance of the parties if it deems this
necessary. Any issue, procedural or otherwise, that arises
during the complaint process that is not specifically covered
by this Article, shall be determined by the President of the
Association.
g. A hearing will be conducted within sixty (60) days of the
assignment to the hearing officer or committee.
h. The hearing officer or committee will submit findings and a
recommended course of action to the parties and the
President of the Association/Executive Committee within
thirty (30) days of completion of the hearing. The Executive
Committee can order compliance with any section of the
recommended course of action except direct disciplinary
action against a member. These findings and proposed
resolutions and compliance with them shall be presented to
the Board of Directors at their next meeting, unless the need
for action is deemed urgent by the Executive Committee,
which can then submit the findings and recommendations to
the Board via postal ballot. The Board can accept, reject,
modify, or alter the recommendations of the Hearing
Officer/Committee.
i. At least a two-thirds (2/3) majority of the members of the
Board of Directors voting shall be required for the
acceptance of any disciplinary action taken against a
member.
j. The range of disciplinary action available to the Association
includes, but is not limited to reprimand, suspension, and/or
expulsion.
1. Disciplinary action will be published in the next issue
of the ADGA News & Events.
2. Suspension can be for a definite period of time or a
member can be suspended indefinitely from one or
more benefits of membership until conditions for
reinstatement are met.
3. Expelled members will be allowed to transfer goats
registered in their name in accordance with
procedures.
(See also Bylaws I.- N, O, P, Q)
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ARTICLE XI. COMMITTEES
The President shall create those Standing and Special
Committees necessary for the orderly operation and progress of
the Association.
ARTICLE XII. AUDIT
The accounts of the Association, previous to each annual
meeting shall be audited by a Certified Public Accountant
appointed by the President. Such audit shall include an
inventory of all property belonging to the Association, and such
audit and inventory shall be mailed by the Secretary-Treasurer
to any Member upon request of said Member.
ARTICLE XIII. LIABILITY
The property of Members, Directors, and Officers shall not be
subject to the payment of corporate debts to any extent
whatever.
ARTICLE XIV. AMENDMENTS
Methods. This Constitution may be amended by two-thirds
(2/3) majority of the Members voting. All amendments shall be
submitted to the Members by mail. Eight Directors from at least
three (3) Districts or twenty (20) Members from each
Directorial District may propose an amendment. When an
amendment has been proposed, it shall be submitted to the
Standing Committee on Constitution and Bylaws for
examination and approval as to form and legality. If this
Constitution and Bylaws Committee does not submit its
approval within sixty (60) days after submission, the proposed
amendment shall be deemed and approved as to form and
legality. If disapproved, the specific reasons for such shall be
given in writing at the time of notification to the Secretary-
Treasurer who shall make them available to the petitioning
parties.
ARTICLE XV. PROCEDURE
Section 1.
The issue in all voting shall be determined by majority of the
votes cast, unless specifically provided otherwise.
Section 2.
On all questions of parliamentary procedure, Robert’s Rules of
Order shall govern, unless the Board of Directors shall provide
otherwise.
17
AMERICAN DAIRY GOAT ASSOCIATION
BYLAWS
Preamble
Anything or anyone using the American Dairy Goat
Association registered trademark name or logo for any use
other than would be common for a member to use as their
affiliation with ADGA must come through and be approved by
the ADGA Executive Committee. (ADGA Members may
download a copy of the ADGA Member Logo for their use from
the ADGA member website.) ADGA National Show and
Convention logos must receive approval of the ADGA
Executive Committee prior to use.
I. MEMBERSHIP
A. Application for membership shall be addressed to the office
of the Secretary-Treasurer and shall be accompanied with
payment of annual dues and initial membership fee.
Application shall be made in writing in the form and
manner prescribed by the Association.
B. 1. Annual dues are payable in advance on January 1 of each
year. The membership year shall be from January 1 to
January 1. Dues of Members not
postmarked/faxed/emailed on or before March 1 and due
since January 1 shall be considered in arrears, and no
Member so in arrears shall be entitled to enjoy any
privileges of Members.
2. In case of dues payable on January 1 and not
postmarked/faxed/emailed on or before September 1, the
ADGA membership and accumulated years toward life
membership in the Association will be forfeited unless
reentry is applied for on or before September 1 (see
Paragraph 4 below for exceptions).
3. If a lapse in membership occurs within one year of
March 1, but after the September 1 extension period that
year, a request for reinstatement with no loss of years
toward life membership may be made to the ADGA
office. In this case, membership reinstatement will be
automatic if the request is accompanied by payment of a
$50 reinstatement fee and new ADGA membership fee.
4. If a lapse in membership occurs more than one year prior
to March 1 of the year in which the request is made,
membership reinstatement will only be granted when an
extenuating circumstance is found to have created the
lapse. The member shall submit an application to the
ADGA office with documented extenuating
circumstances for Executive Committee review. If the
Executive Committee believes the request should be
granted, a recommendation will be made to the board for
consideration. If the Board approves the
recommendation, the member shall pay the regular
membership fee for each year lapsed plus a reinstatement
fee of $75.
5. For new memberships beginning January 1, 2011, a Life
Membership shall only be awarded to ADGA individual
members or joint members made up of no more than two
individuals who have held a membership in the
Association for thirty (30) continuous years. For new
memberships that began in years prior to 2011, a Life
Membership shall be awarded to any member who has
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held membership in the Association for twenty-five (25)
continuous years.
6. One year of credit toward life membership will be given
for every two years of continuous youth membership at
the time a youth membership ends and Regular
membership begins. Youth membership to Regular
membership must be continuous.
7. In the event of a membership change in a joint
membership involving married partners, resulting from
the death of one of the partners, the membership may be
changed from a joint membership to an individual
membership, at no additional cost to the surviving
partner, with the years earned toward life membership
transferred to the surviving partner. A written request,
and a copy of the death certificate, shall be provided to
the ADGA Office.
8. If a joint membership, where each individual’s name
appears in the joint membership, is dissolved, all
members in the joint membership shall receive an equal
share of credit for the years of joint membership, unless a
particular member should choose to grant their share to
one or more of the remaining joint members by use of a
notarized form. These years may not be added to the
years of an individual membership that was held
concurrently with the joint membership.
9. Clubs may retain their life membership so long as they
are active. Farms, families, partnerships, corporations, et
cetera, may retain their life membership status so long as
their original ownership is maintained.
10. Life members shall be periodically contacted by ADGA
to find if they are interested in continuing their
membership.
11. Current ADGA members who do not meet qualifications
for 25 year lifetime membership status, yet have
accumulated 25 years of ADGA membership, will be
given recognition in the form of a certificate. The
member is responsible for notifying ADGA upon
attaining a total of 25 years membership. Upon
verification of eligibility by ADGA, a certificate titled 25
Year Member Recognition Award will be issued.
12. Life members who are still actively participating in
ADGA programs (registering goats, showing, appraising
and/or participating in DHIR), actively volunteer for
ADGA as judges, appraisers, committee members,
directors, and in other ways, will be recognized as
Platinum Star (40+ years of membership), Gold Star (30-
39 years of membership), and Silver Star (25-29 years of
membership) members, and their names and herd names
will be printed each year in an edition of the ADGA
News & Events. A certificate of recognition will also be
provided to them by the ADGA office, sent during non-
rush season.
C. Whenever a new Member pays their first annual dues prior
to September 1 of the year in which he/she makes
application for membership, he/she shall be credited with
the payment of his/her dues up to and including the last day
of December of that year. Whenever an applicant pays
his/her first annual dues after September 1 of the year in
which he/she makes application for membership, he/she
shall be credited with the payment of his/her dues for the
following calendar year.
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D. At time of application for membership, the applicant is
requested to select the Membership List (Directory) format
they would prefer to receive. If a format is not specified, the
member will have the option to view the membership
directory online.
E. After the death of a Member, the executor, or the
administrator of his/her estate shall have the right to register
and transfer goats for a period of twelve (12) months upon
the same terms and conditions as the Member.
F. In the event that the Board of Directors does not, on or
before March 1 of any year designate a time and a place for
the Annual Meeting to be held, the President shall designate
a time and a place within sixty (60) days.
G. The Secretary-Treasurer shall mail to each Member notice
of the place, day, and hour of each Membership meeting.
Such notice shall be mailed at least thirty (30) days before
the day on which the meeting is to be held.
H. Actions of a Membership meeting are advisory to the Board
of Directors.
I. All referendums and survey issues referred to Members of
ADGA, whether for binding vote or advisory opinion, shall
at the same time be accompanied by a comprehensive
summary of pros and cons approved either by the Board of
Directors or the Executive Committee, and shall be
designed to help Members deliver an informed vote or
survey opinion.
J. Any expunged records or memberships will be published in
the newsletter.
K. In cases of a Member charged with abuse or neglect of
animals, action by the Association will be pursued; upon
receipt of written documentation and subsequent to a
judgment of a civil or criminal court that the member is
liable for or guilty of abuse or neglect of an animal. These
changes were made in the 2022 guidebook to completely
align with action taken by the 2019 board. Prior guidebook
had incomplete changes in terminology.
1. Upon review and vote by the Board of Directors, a
member found liable for or guilty of abuse or neglect of a
an animal in a civil or criminal court may be expelled
from membership and denied the use of the registry and
its services.
2. If the individual is not a member, upon review and vote
by the Board of Directors, he/she may be denied future
membership and use of the registry and its services.
Circumstances may exist where a more immediate action by
ADGA is warranted. The process defined in this section
does not preclude the ADGA Executive Committee from
initiating a complaint against a member to suspend
membership privileges or deny membership until the
process outlined above can be completed.
L. 1. Conduct detrimental to the Association shall not include
commercial disputes unrelated to the authenticity of a
pedigree.
2. Complaints regarding shows, testing, linear appraisal and
judges must first be adjudicated by the proper
Association committee.
M. Release of member’s animal information may be made
under the following circumstances:
1. Upon formal written request from an official
representative of the United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA), ADGA will provide data on an
animal’s pedigree, breeder (herd of origin), current
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ownership and/or previous ownership as required for
federal disease eradication programs.
2. Upon written request by an ADGA member, the ADGA
office will contact a goat’s currently recorded owner and
either (1) ask for permission to release his/her contact
information to the requester; or (2) ask the owner to
contact the requester, if he/she is willing to do so.
3. ADGA members may publicize their herd tattoo
sequence through the members-only section of the
ADGA website. The request for publication of a
member’s own herd tattoo may be made through the
ADGA website or by contacting the ADGA office in
writing.
N. No person, after the date he/she has been denied the
privileges of the Association, shall be allowed to register
any animal with the Association.
O. On and after such time as any Member has been suspended,
expelled or denied further Association privileges, the
Association shall not accept the signature of such person on
registration applications, or breeders certificates evidencing
breeding taking place after date of suspension or expulsion
or signature of such person’s spouse on animals owned by
such person.
P. Signatures will be honored, however, on transfer reports
and bills of sale for the purpose of allowing such disciplined
person to transfer goats recorded in his/her ownership at the
time of the disciplinary action.
Q. Written leases filed with the Association prior to the time of
the disciplinary action and covering goats owned by the
disciplined person shall be valid and the signatures of the
lessee shall be accepted during the term of such lease, but
for no renewal thereof.
II. BOARD OF DIRECTORS
A. The Board of Directors shall consist of the eligible number
of Directors from each of the eight Directorial Districts into
which the territory of this Association is divided to facilitate
equitable representation of all sections of the country as
follows:
1. Northeastern Directorial District, comprising
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, and Vermont. (Canadian Members
residing in New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec vote in
this District.)
2. Eastern Directorial District, comprising New Jersey,
New York, and Pennsylvania.
3. Southeastern Directorial District, comprising
Alabama, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
(Members who are residents of the islands of the Atlantic
and Central or South America vote in this District.)
4. North Central Directorial District, comprising Illinois,
Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and
Wisconsin.
5. South Central Directorial District, comprising
Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri,
Nebraska and Oklahoma.
6. Southwestern Directorial District, comprising Arizona,
Colorado, Hawaii, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah.
(Members who are residents of Mexico vote in this
District.)
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7. Northwestern Directorial District, comprising Alaska,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South
Dakota, Washington and Wyoming. (Canadian Members
residing in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, and
Saskatchewan and Members in the islands of the Pacific
and Asia vote in this District.)
8. California Directorial District, comprising the State of
California.
B. Based on the membership of Each District and that of the
ADGA on March 1, the number of Directors to hold office
in each District shall be determined by the following
formula:
From 0 to 12.5% of ADGA membership—3 Directors
From greater than 12.5% to 15.625% of ADGA
membership—4 Directors
From greater than 15.625% to 18.75% of ADGA
membership—5 Directors
Greater than 18.75% of ADGA membership—6
Directors
In the event a District should move to a lower category,
then in the next year when more than one Director would be
elected, the extra Director will be dropped if the District
remains in a lower category or if a vacancy should occur,
that vacancy will not be filled.
C. Upon notification of an irregularity in a Director’s election,
the election will not be final until the Board of Directors has
taken action on the irregularity.
D. Directors shall assume office at the Annual Meeting.
E. If the membership of a director remains unpaid as of March
1, that director is no longer considered a member in good
standing and forfeits his/her seat on the Board of Directors.
Such directors will be replaced during the next regular
election and the length of term shall be for the remainder of
the term forfeited.
F. Directors Emeriti
1. The Directors may receive from the Awards
Committee only, names of nominees for the title of
Director Emeritus/Emerita and may on the basis of
long and valued service to ADGA bestow this title.
2. Director Emeritus/Emerita may deliberate with the
Directors but shall not make motions, second motions
or vote.
G. The Directors shall meet at the same place as the annual
Membership meeting at a time designated by the President
or Board of Directors.
1. Directors may authorize the payment by the
Association of an allowance toward the travel expense
of one or more Directors from any District to and from
the annual meeting payable within ten (10) days after
completion of the annual meeting.
2. Special meetings of the Board may be called at any
time by the President or any eight (8) Directors from
three (3) Directorial Districts. A notice shall be mailed
to all Directors (either by postal mail or e-mail) stating
the place, (either a physical location or a
virtual/electronic meeting), day, hour, and purpose of
holding such meeting, at least thirty (30) days before
the date set for the meeting. Business transacted shall
be limited to that stated in the call.
3. Directors shall receive a copy of the minutes of annual
and special Directors’ Meetings exactly as taken by
22
the court reporter. Minutes of the general membership
meetings will be summarized by speaker.
H. In case a Regional Director moves out of the Regional
District which he/she was elected to represent or relocates
within the District, but violates Article V, Section 4 of the
Constitution, he/she shall thereby become ineligible to hold
that office, thus creating a vacancy to be filled as stated
above; provided, however that no Director shall become
ineligible to continue in office by reason of military service
or by reason of a temporary change of address, as long as
he/she still maintains his/her permanent address in the
District which he/she represents and is not absent therefrom
more than six months out of any one year. Domicile is
defined as the place where a Director has his/her true, fixed
and permanent home and principal establishment to which,
whenever he/she is absent, he/she has the intent of returning.
I. Directors shall refrain from contacting employees directly
regarding performance issues unless solicited by the
employee at the time of service. Such concerns should be
directed to the employee's supervisor. This would include
the director's own concerns or those received from
constituents.
J. The following statement will apply to certain documents.
Confidentiality statement: This document contains
information that is privileged and confidential. This
document is being furnished to you solely in your capacity
as a director of ADGA and its use is limited to the
performance of your duties as a director. Any subsequent or
secondary disclosure of this document or its contents by a
director to any other person, firm or entity shall be (1)
prohibited; (2) deemed conduct detrimental to ADGA; and
(3) sufficient grounds for a complaint to be filed against and
discipline imposed against any offending director’s
membership in ADGA. Any director violating this
provision shall indemnify ADGA for any expense incurred
in responding to the release of privileged and confidential
information and shall indemnify and hold ADGA harmless
from any and all liability that may result.
III. ELECTIONS
A. The total voting results of primary and election voting shall
be made available to a Member on request.
B. Each ballot shall inform the Member as to the deadline for
its reception.
C. In the event of an election in which the terms to be filled are
not equal, the candidate shall fill those vacancies in the
order of votes received with the highest vote filling the
longest term.
D. ADGA deplores the dissemination of negative comments
concerning candidates for election to any office in this
Association.
E. Candidates may send campaign literature (1- 8½ x 11 pre-
folded sheet per letter) with the election ballot, if the
literature arrives at the ADGA office no later than June 30
(or next business day, if weekend).
F. The eligibility of directorial candidates will be determined
as of March 1st in the year of election.
G. The Primary Director Election Ballot shall be mailed from
the ADGA office via First Class USPS.
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IV. OFFICERS
A. The officers of the Association shall be elected at the
Annual Directors’ Meeting by the Directors present. The
President shall be elected first by a simple majority vote of
all votes cast. The First Vice President shall be elected next
by the same majority vote and the Second Vice President
last in the same manner. This election shall be the first order
of new business.
B. The President and Vice Presidents shall assume their duties
immediately upon election. The Secretary-Treasurer shall
assume his/her duties as provided by the terms of his/her
appointment by the Board of Directors.
C. The President:
1. The President, as Chief Executive Officer of the
Association, shall maintain general supervision of the
affairs of the Association, subject to the Constitution and
Bylaws of the Association, and subject, further, to the
right of the Directors to delegate any specific powers to
any other officer or officers of the Association, except
such as may be by statute exclusively conferred on the
President. He/she shall preside at all meetings of the
members and of the Board of Directors. He/she shall
report to the membership annual meeting and make
suggestions that he/she may deem advisable.
2. The President may vote in the event of a tie, said vote
being in addition to his/her regular vote as a Director.
3. The President, upon receiving a request from at least two
Directors to submit an identical proposal to the Board of
Directors, will detail the subject matter. All postal ballots
will have a fourteen (14) day comment/voting period. All
Directors’ comments will be provided to the Board. Each
Director will return his/her vote within fourteen (14)
days. Votes may be submitted by postal mail or
electronic mail (facsimile or email). The President,
within fourteen (14) days following, will inform each
Director of the results, giving the total votes cast for,
against, abstentions, and not voting. After providing the
Directors the results of voting, the President shall declare
the result and forward all votes cast to the Secretary-
Treasurer who shall make proper notes in the records.
Votes received after the fourteen (14) day time limit has
expired are void and of no effect. All action on postal
ballots must be read into the minutes as the first order of
old business at the next annual Board meeting.
4. The President may present propositions pertaining to
administrative policy to the Board of Directors, or to the
Members, by mail.
5. The President shall be an ex-officio member of all
committees.
D. The Vice Presidents
1. The Vice Presidents, in order elected by the Board of
Directors, shall perform the duties required of the
President in his/her absence or inability or failure to act
(as determined by the Board of Directors).
E. The Secretary-Treasurer
1. The ADGA Association Manager shall serve as the
Secretary-Treasurer of the Association and shall perform
all duties of that position as outlined herein.
24
2. The Secretary-Treasurer shall hold office until his/her
successor assumes office. His/her compensation shall be
fixed by the Board of Directors.
3. The Secretary-Treasurer shall exercise such power and
authority and shall perform such duties as customarily
associated with the general supervision and direction of
the Association Office and the active management of the
property, affairs and business of the Association, subject
to the bounds of Association policy and the approval of
the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee.
4. Under the rules and regulations prescribed by the Board
of Directors, the Secretary-Treasurer shall, in
coordination and cooperation with the Association’s
Performance Programs Manager, be responsible for the
successful implementation and promotion of all
programs of the Association.
5. During the third week in January, the Secretary-
Treasurer shall send notification to each member who
has not paid the annual dues that were payable on
January 1. If dues are postmarked/faxed/emailed after
March 1, the Member shall be considered in arrears and
be thereafter accorded none of the privileges of
membership until dues are paid in full. If dues are
postmarked/faxed/emailed by March 1, the member’s
name will automatically be listed in the Membership
Directory. If dues are not postmarked/faxed/emailed by
March 1, the member shall not be eligible to participate
in elections and the member’s name shall not be listed in
the Membership Directory.
6. The Secretary-Treasurer shall give a bond with Corporate
Surety in an amount which shall be fixed by the Board of
Directors in conformance with the Constitution for the
faithful performance of his/her duties; and for the
restoration to the Association in case of his/her death,
resignation, retirement, or removal from office, of all
books, papers, vouchers, money, and other property of
whatever kind in his/her possession or under his/her
control belonging to the Association; the premium of
which is to be paid by the Association.
V. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
A. The Executive Committee shall have the authority to hire
professional assistance for the Secretary-Treasurer for
preparation of minutes of the annual Directors’ and
Members’ Meetings.
B. The Executive Committee in office at the beginning of the
annual meeting shall be paid their room expense for the
duration of the meeting.
C. The Executive Committee and Secretary-Treasurer shall
collaborate on setting the vacation schedule of the
Secretary-Treasurer.
D. The Executive Committee shall give a detailed report to the
Board on all actions of the Executive Committee at the
annual meeting of the Board of Directors.
E. The Executive Committee has an annual discretionary
account of $5,000 per election year, which they may
authorize for non-budgeted expenditures without prior
approval of the Board of Directors. In the event that the
$5,000 is expended, the executive committee may request
authorization of additional funds for the discretionary
account from the Board of Directors.
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F. The Executive Committee may authorize the use of official
ADGA stationery and mailing labels in limited quantity for
specific use.
G. The Executive Committee shall have the authority to hire
legal counsel to prosecute or defend legal actions involving
ADGA, its Board of Directors, Executive Committee,
officers and Association Manager and to authorize litigation
related expenses including, but not limited to, filing fees,
court costs, expert witness and deposition costs. This
expense shall be in addition to the discretionary account
provided for in Article V. E.
VI. COMMITTEES
Committee assignments, including the chairs and members,
shall be announced by December 15th.
A. STANDING COMMITTEES
1. Annual Meeting
2. Annual Meeting Long Range
3. Awards
4. Breed Standards
5. Constitution and Bylaws
6. Finance
7. Genetic Advancement
8. Government & International Liaison
9. History
10. Information Management
11. Judges
12. Judges Training, Assessment & Licensing Committee
a. Pre-Judges Training Conference
13. Advanced Judges
14. Linear Appraisal
15. Membership
16. National Show
a. Fund Raising Subcommittee
b. Subcommittee for Long-Range Goals and Policies
17. Production Testing
18. Products
19. Publicity/Promotional/Educational
20. Registration
21. Reproductive Technologies
22. Scholarship
23. Shows
24. Spotlight Sale
25. Type
26. Youth Activities Annual Meeting & National Show
27. Youth/4-H/FFA Projects
-- ADGA Research Foundation
-- Official ADGA Representative
B. COMMITTEE STRATEGIC ITEMS
1. Any strategic item from committee must be provided to the
Executive Committee for prioritization and notification to
the Board of Directors.
2. Strategic items not previously approved by the Board,
include expenditures over $1,000; items that require staff
time of more than ten hours; or anything that would change
what is current office procedure.
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C. COMMITTEE GUIDELINES
1. Annual Meeting: The Committee and/or Host Group
cannot obligate ADGA for any financial responsibility or
conduct not mandated by the ADGA Board. The Annual
Meeting Host committee is required to use the standardized
registration and accounts receivable format that has been
developed by the Annual Meeting Committee. The
Committee and Host Group in any year should make a
complete report through the Committee to the ADGA
Executive Committee following the annual meeting. The
Committee should make every effort to publicize both the
advantages and responsibilities of potential Host Groups,
including ADGA financial support and underwriting, to
encourage responsible hosting bids. No bid for hosting a
Convention will be accepted except at a Board of Directors
Meeting, unless there having been no timely bid, it is less
than 24 months until the meeting in question. All
individuals taking part in an ADGA Convention at any
level, except those speakers attending at the expense of the
host group, must be registered for the Convention. This
includes, but is not limited to: Officers and Directors,
Chairpersons and members of ADGA Committees, officers
and members of the host group, whether or not they are
working at the Convention, those who have signed and/or
are attending under the auspices of a vendor’s agreement,
participants and instructors in the Training Conference, and
of the Type Conference, members of ADGA in attendance,
and participating nonmembers. Spotlight Sale attendance
shall not require registration, and the host group may sell
tickets to the annual banquet and ball, evening activities and
Champagne Brunch to persons not otherwise registered, if
they so choose. A final financial accounting of each
Convention shall be presented to the total board not later
than January 15 of the following year; and this accounting
shall include the use to which any surplus funds have been
put. This accounting shall be for purposes of information,
subject to Board discussion only to the extent of
commitment of ADGA funds for the Convention in
question. The profits from Convention will be split 50/50
between local host group and ADGA. Decisions should be
made by the Executive Committee if the Local Chair and
ADGA Chair do not agree on a specific cost item. The local
host will not be responsible for a Convention loss where
expenses have previously been agreed upon between
ADGA and the host group. The Annual Meeting Committee
shall follow procedures as outlined in the Annual Meeting
Handbook and approved by the board.
2. Annual Meeting Long Range: Handles the development of
proposals, bids, and the negotiations for future conventions.
Responsible for seeking out future potential convention
sites, determining the availability of a local host group,
working with potential Convention and Visitors’ Bureaus
on suitable hosting facilities and host site activities, and
negotiating with potential hotels and Convention and
Visitors’ Bureaus. The chairperson will work with the
chairperson of the Annual Meeting committee as needed to
clarify, interpret, and negotiate with the successful hosting
facilities. Travel, lodging, and meals will be reimbursed to
the chairperson or his/her designee to inspect potential
future sites as needed not to exceed $1,000 per year.
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3. Awards
a. All nominations for any ADGA award shall be
submitted with full, supporting, detailed, written
documentation. If approved by the Awards
Committee, this documentation will be provided to
each Director.
b. Director Emeritus/Emerita — The committee
considers and evaluates former or retiring Directors
nominated by the membership for this award.
Nominees for Directors Emeritus/Emerita must
have served at least three (3) terms on the Board of
Directors. Those selected are submitted to the
Board of Directors for election by secret ballot.
Director Emeritus/Emerita may not be a sitting
director at the time the nomination is voted on by
the Board of Directors. One or more may be elected
as appropriate.
c. Special Awards—Selection of candidates for
awards is made from a list of names submitted to
the Awards Committee by the ADGA membership.
If worthy recipients are found, their names will be
revealed at the ADGA annual banquet, and later
announced at the membership meeting. The final
decision on the recipient(s) is the responsibility of
the Awards Committee; no Board approval is
needed. Winner(s) will be reported in the ADGA
News and Events, including citations and, if
possible, photos. The names of all award recipients
will be listed on the front page of the Guidebook
for one year following the award. The Mary L.
Farley Award and Helen C. Hunt Distinguished
Service Award recipients, Directors Emeriti and
Historic Herd Names will remain in the Guidebook
list in perpetuity.
(1) The Mary L. Farley Award—This award
was established by the Board of Directors at
their 1959 meeting in honor of Mary L.
Farley, Past President (1950-52) and Past
Secretary-Treasurer (1945-49). It is awarded
only for outstanding work on behalf of the
dairy goat industry. No more than one award
may be given per year, and frequency of this
award is determined by the Awards
Committee. This award may be given to an
individual, a couple or a partnership. Active
members of the Board of Directors are not
eligible for this award. A plaque and a
lifetime membership in ADGA will be
presented to the recipient.
(2) Helen C. Hunt Distinguished Service
Award—This award was renamed at the
1995 meeting of the Board of Directors in
honor of Helen C. Hunt, past Director and
Judge for her outstanding service to the
Association. This award may be given
annually to an ADGA member who has
rendered distinguished service to ADGA over
a period of years. (Maximum of three (3) per
year.)
(3) Award of Merit—A number of these awards,
as appropriate, may be given annually for
outstanding service by an ADGA member for
the past year.
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(4) Friend of ADGA—A number of these
awards as appropriate, may be given annually
to individuals and organizations that have
rendered special service to ADGA. Awards
are to be a plaque.
(5) ADGA National Convention Host Group
Award of Appreciation—This award shall
be presented annually to the host group of the
convention and shall be a plaque.
d. Herd of Distinction— A herd of distinction is a
herd that has achieved a level of distinction within
the American Dairy Goat Association in at least
two program areas and has either an award rate of
15% and higher or has achieved other notable wins
and/or recognition. A herd must meet the minimum
criteria set forth below in two of the three program
areas of linear appraisal, shows, and production.
Herds automatically quality if their program award
rate of 15% and higher of total animals bred and
registered with ADGA. The committee may award
the Herd of Distinction to herds with records
produced prior to 1990 subject to Board of Director
approval. Receiving this award does not preclude
eligibility for Historic Herdname recognition.
CRITERIA:
(1) Linear Appraisal - Must have a minimum
of 10 distinct animals registered to the
specific herd name that appraised 88 or
higher. All authorized breeders for the
herd name are included and ownership of
the animals is disregarded.
(2) Show - Must have a minimum of 10
animals registered to the specific herd
name that earned their permanent
championship. All authorized breeders for
the herd name are included and ownership
of the animals is disregarded.
(3) Production - Must have a minimum of 10
distinct animals registered to the specific
herd name. Qualifying doe records must
exceed 2,700 pounds or 1,080 pounds for
miniature breeds (2nd standard deviation
equating to the top 1/6). Production
records are corrected to 4% using Gaines
formula for FCM and adjusted to a daily
average to account for differences in days
of milk. Milk records under 200 days and
over 305 days are not considered in this
calculation. Qualifying bucks must have a
current positive PTA for both milk and fat
with a reliability of 70 or greater. All
authorized breeders for the herd name are
included and ownership of the animals is
disregarded.
(4) Years in ADGA - A herd must have been
active (registered at least one dairy goat,
participated in DHI or Linear, or exhibited
at one show) each year for a minimum of
10 years to be eligible for this award.
(5) Herd Size - A herd must register at least
80 animals to be considered for this
award.
The following steps will be utilized by the
committee in determining herds to be recognized
for the current year:
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(1) During the first quarter of each year, the
data query report is generated from 1990
(the year that has all the data available)
and provided to the Awards Committee
for review.
(2) The Awards Committee reviews other
information on herds that meet criteria but
have a less than 15% program award rate.
(3) A herd not approved by the committee in
one year is eligible to be considered in
future years.
(4) Those herds that automatically qualify
along with any additional herds approved
by the Awards Committee shall be sent to
the Association Manager. This
information will then be entered and
stored in the ADGA database.
A complete list of herd names that receive the
award of Herd of Distinction shall be maintained on
the ADGA website and be included in the ADGA
Membership Directory.
e. Historic Herd Names—To be selected by Awards
Committee and approved by Board of Directors.
CRITERIA:
(1) The herd name is not currently being used.
(2) The herd made a significant genetic
contribution to a breed or breeds of dairy
goats.
(3) The herd name was well known.
EXCEPTIONS:
If the owner or owners of a herd name that meets
the above requirements is 65 years of age or
older, has made a significant genetic
contribution to a breed or breeds of dairy goats,
and has registered dairy goats with ADGA the
past 25 consecutive years, this herd name will be
included in the Historic Herd Names even if
being currently used by the owner(s). Historic
Herd Names are not transferable. This does not
apply to herd names with two or more owners
unless all owners meet all requirements. In the
event the designation of a historic herd name is
offered to a herd owner, they must agree in
writing with the ADGA office to not ever
transfer that herd name under any circumstances.
If the owner chooses not to accept, it will be
deleted from the Historic Herd Name list.
4. Breed Standards:
a. The Breed Standards Committee serves as
the coordinating and screening committee
for any suggested changes or additions to
standards of a breed as requested by
organizations or individuals before
presentation to the Board of Directors.
Organizations or individuals wanting
change(s) in Breed Standards must first
present intended changes to the Breed
Standards Committee. The proposal for the
change(s) must be complete and clearly
worded and must include advantages of the
proposed change(s). The Breed Standards
30
Committee will review the information
and, acting in an advisory capacity, offer
suggestions. If the committee votes to
continue by a simple majority, a poll will
be taken in the next ADGA News & Events.
The Breed Standards Committee Chairman
shall submit all necessary information for
publication. Voting in the polls for
proposed change(s) is limited to
memberships who have owned, bred, or
registered the breed under consideration or
members linked to said memberships.
Persons are limited to one vote, either as an
individual or entity membership. Youth
members are eligible to vote. If passed by a
two-thirds majority of those voting, it shall
be presented by the Committee Chair to the
ADGA Directors at the next Board of
Directors’ meeting for their approval.
b. Propose such changes or additions to breed
standards as seem required to keep all
breeds in balance.
c. Work with any breeders interested in the
development of a new breed. This would
include guidance in height, weight, color,
ear set and size and shape of nose
standards the breed proposers would like to
set. At the proper time this committee
should propose action to the Board of
Directors.
d. Propose changes as needed in the
scorecards used to evaluate does and
bucks.
5. Constitution and Bylaws: Propose amendments
and additions to the Constitution and Bylaws not
under the jurisdiction of other Committees.
Approve as to form all proposed amendments to
the Constitution and upon request, review as to
form all proposed amendments and additions to
the Bylaws.
6. Finance: Monitor the financial condition of the
Association; prepare detailed operating and
capital budgets for presentation to the Board of
Directors; review all substantial expenditures not
in the ordinary course of business or included in
the approved budgets and advise the
Secretary/Treasurer on financial matters.
7. Genetic Advancement: Develop policies and
procedures that support genetic improvement.
Promote the use of current and emerging genetic
technologies as they apply to ADGA programs.
Advance genetic progress through program
development using genetic evaluation
information. Provide support in areas of data
analysis and review for programs relying on
genetic information.
8. Government and International Liaison:
Facilitate communications and foster working
relationships between ADGA and other
organizations, governments, and registries
around the world, including the Canadian Goat
Society (CGS) and British Goat Society (BGS).
31
Encourage interaction between the ADGA
and U.S. Government representatives to assist
with development of programs and policies of
benefit to the dairy goat industry.
9. History: Develop for publication and maintain a
comprehensive history of the Association. All
donations to the archives should be done via the
current History Committee Chairperson and will
become the exclusive property of ADGA.
General access to the archives should be done
via written consent from the Secretary-Treasurer
of the Association, or until a local librarian
should be arranged and approved by the Board at
some point in the future.
The ADGA Pioneer Program is under the
umbrella of this Committee. It supervises,
collects, archives and promotes the development
of an oral history of ADGA Members and
Pioneer Program recognition of long time
ADGA Members and dairy goat breeders.
Presents Pioneer Program at Annual Meeting.
10. Information Management: Committee makeup
should be members with strong technical skills
joined with financial, project management and
human resource management experience. The
role of the committee is to act in an advisory
capacity including, but not limited to:
a. Financial oversight including the
establishment of an operating budget for the
information system.
b. Policy creation, implementation and
maintenance as it concerns data access.
c. Review and maintain a list of service
contracts on hardware and software.
d. Development of a system to log problems to
determine the need for change, adjustment, or
replacement of hardware or software.
e. Human resource management specifically
staffing, training, and backup for the system.
f. Development of procedures for changes to the
information system including a financial
impact study for all requests.
g. Review all proposed changes, write the RFP,
evaluate, and recommend qualified
contractors to implement changes to the
system.
h. Confidentiality issues including an
“appropriate use” policy for staff.
i. Development of an educational component
including creation and updating of a directory
to various member services, printed and/or
on-line; and ongoing assistance to new users
of electronic communications.
11. Judges: The original Committee to hear
complaints concerning the ethics and
competency of official judges. The
recommendations of the Committee shall be
submitted to the Board of Directors for its
consideration. For the purpose of education, a
list of general areas of concerns addressed in the
complaints received each year, will be sent by
the Judges Committee chairperson to the
Chairperson of the Judges Training, Assessment
32
& Licensing Committee by August 15 of the
current year.
12. Judges Training, Assessment & Licensing:
a. To design and conduct training programs
designed to teach basic fundamentals of
judging dairy goats.
b. To screen, select and license persons through
Board approved programs capable of judging
official ADGA shows.
c. Originate, develop and define responsibilities
of judges, judicial ethics, reasons and
terminology, evaluation of faults and defects
(except breed standards), scorecards (bucks,
doe and showmanship, except breed
standards) and the principles of judging
(showmanship, group classes, bucks and
does).
d. Pre-Judges Training Conference
(1) To design and conduct training
programs designed to teach basic
fundamentals of judging dairy goats.
(2) To develop recommended formats, to
include topics that must be discussed,
and provide visual aids for use by all
instructors of Pre-Judges Training
conferences.
(3) To certify instructors via criteria
approved by the Board of Directors, to
hold such a session every other year on
odd-numbered years in conjunction with
the Annual Meeting.
13. Advanced Judges: To acquaint Senior Judges
with changes in rules, procedures and breed
standards; to discuss problems encountered in
the field and to reaffirm knowledge and
understanding of current rules, procedures and
values.
14. Linear Appraisal:
a. To design and conduct training programs to
be used to teach and qualify appraisers.
b. To screen, select and recommend for
employment persons capable of doing linear
appraisals for ADGA. Originate, develop and
define responsibilities of appraiser ethics,
methods of evaluation and other principles of
linear appraisers.
c. To review, update, provide and recommend
rules and policies as necessary for the
administration of the linear appraisal
program.
d. To review the Linear Appraisal Program with
regard to improvement and innovations that
will enhance the current program.
f. To review the data generated by the Linear
Appraisal Program with regard to
improvement of dairy goats.
g. Develop guidelines for dissemination and use
of linear appraisal information.
15. Membership: Review and comment on all
proposed amendments and additions to the
Constitution and Bylaws affecting memberships
16. National Show: The National Dairy Goat Show
Committee shall be responsible for representing
ADGA in all negotiations regarding the
preparation and presentation of the annual
33
National Dairy Goat Show including, but not
limited to:
a. To assume responsibility for enforcing the
ADGA policies and standards regarding the
operation of the National Show.
b. Once a bid has been accepted, work out all
relevant details with the show management
regarding entries, facilities, schedules, etc.
c. Assigning of classes and schedules for all
events.
d. Hiring of all judges.
e. Preparation of membership mailing with
National Show information.
f. Advertising.
g. News coverage of the show.
h. Cooperation and scheduling of Youth
Activities Day and National Colorama Sale.
(additional information in appendix)
i. Solicitation of donations for purchase of
Trophies and Awards.
j. Computation and presentation of all special
awards.
k. Disbursing the budget assigned by the Board
of Directors.
l. To assist the National Show Chairperson in
these responsibilities, the ADGA office will
send a National Show packet after each
Annual Meeting to the chairperson upon that
Chairperson’s appointment.
The Major Purposes of Having a National
Show are:
a. Major competition speeds the time needed for
improvement of the breeds.
b. Opportunity to educate the general public as
to the positive qualities of dairy goats and
goat milk.
c. Give ADGA a showcase for its program and
Members.
d. Increases the exposure of high quality dairy
goats to the local area and thereby helps to
improve knowledge and quality of dairy goats
in a given area.
ADGA National Show Policy Statements:
a. Damage and/or Accidental Injury
Responsibility
Each exhibitor or vendor will be solely
responsible for any consequential or other
loss, injury or damage done to or occasioned
by, or arising from any animal or article
exhibited or for sale by him/her, and shall
hold harmless the American Dairy Goat
Association (ADGA) against all liability in
regard thereto. ADGA will take reasonable
precautions to insure the safety of exhibits
and property of every description entered for
competition or display or any other purpose
while anywhere on the grounds that shall be
subject to the control of ADGA, but the
owners themselves must take the risk of
exhibiting them. In no case will ADGA be
responsible in any way for any loss, damage,
or injury of any character to any property,
article or person, while same is on the
34
fairgrounds or at any other time or place, nor
be liable for or make any payment for
damage, loss or injury. Presentation of entry
form and/or vendor form shall be deemed
acceptance of this rule.
b. Requirements for Exhibiting at the ADGA
National Show.
(1) No National Show entries will be
accepted unless payment is included
with the entry or the herd owner account
has enough credit balance to cover the
entry.
(2) Show animals being exhibited at the
National Show of the American Dairy
Goat Association are required to stay for
the duration of the show. This “duration
of the show” is specified by the period
of time indicated on the “Schedule of
Events” beginning from “Dairy goats
must be in Place” to “Release of Dairy
Goats.” Failure by exhibitors to comply
with this rule, will result in the placings
of their animals being deleted from all
records and publications. This also may
result in disqualification from
competing at future National Shows as
determined by the Board of Directors.
Exception for an emergency will be
considered for early release, but must be
presented in writing to the National
Show Committee.
Any exhibitor or vendor who
refuses to comply with the rules and
regulations at a National Show will be
prohibited from participating in future
National Shows for a period of time to
be determined by the Board of
Directors. The National Show
Committee has the authority to request
people to leave and bar them from
participation in further functions at the
National Show that year for violation of
ADGA National Show rules, providing
a majority of the National Show
Committee members attending said
show are present to vote.
c. Ownership of Animals Exhibited at the
ADGA National Show
(1) a. EXHIBITOR: An exhibitor must
be the owner or member of a
partnership owning the animal.
Certificate of registration showing
ownership must be available at
check-in prior to being shown. In
specified group classes for Jr. and
Sr. Get-of-Sire, and Produce of
Dam, animals need not be owned
by exhibitor.
b. DESIGNATED HERD UNIT: If
an animal is owned by members of
a traditional family (i.e., father,
mother, son or daughter) or by
individuals who are currently
using a designated herd name at
the ADGA office, you may enter
35
your animals as a “herd unit” and
be considered as one exhibitor
(does not apply to breeder for the
purpose of award calculations). In
order to qualify as a “herd unit” all
animals must be kept in the same
herd at the same location. They
must also be grouped together on
one set of health papers listing the
same place of origin. The “herd
unit” decision is final on the
closing date for entries. Once the
“herd unit” option is chosen, all
animals entered from the farm
must be shown under the “herd
unit”. An animal owned by any
person in the “herd unit” may be
substituted for one owned by any
other person in the “herd unit”.
(2) Exhibitors using the Designated Herd
Unit option should include both the
Designated Herd Unit name and the
individual in whose name the animal
is registered in the designated space
on each entry form submitted.
(3) For the purpose of Exhibitor Award
calculations, a Designated Herd Unit
entry will use all animals that
qualified to be shown within the
Designated Herd Unit. However, for
Breeder Award calculations, the
Designated Herd Unit designation
will not be applied. This award will
be based on memberships of each
breeder as designated by member
identification numbers.
d. Registration
All dairy goats exhibited must be registered
with American Dairy Goat Association. The
original registration/recordation certificate for
all animals of all ages is required at check-in.
e. Requirements for Production Awards
presented at the ADGA National Show:
(1) Production Record Requirements for
awards: These requirements are to
conform to the DHIR Requirements for
a doe to be eligible for Advanced
Registry by the ADGA. A doe may meet
these requirements for either milk or
butterfat. A doe may qualify for these
awards with a record made at any age.
Only completed lactations will be
considered.
Standard Breeds:
Age at Freshening Milk Butterfat Protein
Lbs. Kg Lbs. Kg Lbs. Kg
2-00 or younger 1500 680 52.50 23.81 45.00 20.41
2-01 to 2-11 1536 697 53.76 24.39 46.08 20.90
3-00 to 3-11 1608 729 56.28 25.53 48.24 21.88
4-00 to 4-11 1680 762 58.80 26.67 50.40 22.86
5-00 or older 1716 778 60.06 27.24 51.48 23.35
Miniature Breeds:
Age at Freshening Milk Butterfat Protein
Lbs. Kg Lbs. Kg Lbs. Kg
2-00 or younger 600 272 21.00 9.53 18.00 8.16
2-01 to 2-11 615 279 21.53 9.76 18.45 8.37
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3-00 to 3-11 645 293 22.58 10.24 19.35 8.78
4-00 to 4-11 675 306 23.63 10.72 20.25 9.19
5-00 or older 690 313 24.15 10.95 20.70 9.39
Refer to general rules for entry and verification
requirements.
(2) Highest Production Awards
a. Awarded to the highest producing doe in milk
in each breed that has completed a 305-day or
less lactation within the last 365 days.
b. Awarded to the highest producing doe in
butterfat in each breed that has completed a
305-day or less lactation within the last 365
days.
Refer to general rules for entry and verification
requirements. The doe must place in individual class
to be considered for production awards in the top 12 in
her class.
(3) Highest Lifetime Production Awards
a. Awarded to the highest lifetime production in
milk in each breed.
b. Awarded to the highest lifetime production in
butterfat in each breed.
Refer to general rules for entry and verification test
requirements. The doe must place in individual class
to be considered for production awards in the top 12 in
her class.
(4) General Rules
A production record entry form along with a
copy of individual doe sheets (Production
Records) must be submitted with the livestock
entry form prior to the closing date. All
production record entries will be verified during
check-in against your official records. The
original Doe Sheet (Production Record) must be
presented at the time of check-in. (Updates may
be made at check-in.) Only records shown on
Dairy Herd Improvement registry forms, DHIA,
DHAS, or ROP records issued by the American
Dairy Goat Association, American Goat Society
or Canadian Goat Society (including Star
Certificates) will be accepted.
Guidelines for National Show Youth Activities:
a. All youth activities should conform to and
follow ADGA show rules and definitions
b. Responsibility for organizing and monitoring the
application of all youth activity programs held at
the National Show should be with the Youth
Activities Committee.
c. Responsibility for selection, contacting and
obtaining judges, trophies, and ribbons should be
with the Youth Activities Committee. Financial
responsibility for these items/services should be
contained in the National Show Committee
budget.
d. Scheduling of Youth Activities should be
coordinated through the National Show
Chairperson.
Guidelines for National Show Judges:
a. Required Qualifications for Candidates:
(1) The Candidate must be a Judge currently
licensed at the four year level with six
37
years of continuous active judging
experience and at least ten years of
experience breeding dairy goats as an
ADGA member. Years as an Apprentice
Judge do not count as years toward
continuous judging.
(2) The Candidate should have experience in
judging major shows/fairs (300 + entries)
in at least three different districts.
(3) The Candidate should be considered
ineligible if he/she has judged the previous
National Show.
b. Requirements for Selected Judges:
(1) Selected judges once contacted and having
accepted, should not accept other judging
assignments within a 200-mile (322 km)
radius of the National Show site for a
period of three months prior to the
National Show.
(2) Judges who elect to judge the National
Show will not be allowed to exhibit any
breed in that show.
c. Procedures for selection of National Show
Judges: The General Membership shall vote and
the five judges receiving the most votes shall be
offered the assignment of judge(s) for the
ADGA National Show. The list of judges will be
presented on a ballot in the ADGA News &
Events. Should one or more decline, the
assignment shall be offered to the next judge(s)
in the order of votes received. The sixth judge
shall be selected by the National Show
committee.
Guidelines for Inclusion of Additional Breeds at
the National Show:
Any ADGA recognized new dairy goat breed wishing
to establish themselves as a part of the ADGA
National Show must meet the following qualifications:
a. The recognized Breed Association for said breed
must submit a request for inclusion in the
National Show to the Chairperson of the
National Show Committee or the ADGA office.
This request must include the names of the
Officers of that Association, their mailing
addresses and the mailing address for said
Association.
b. Upon receipt of the request, the new breed will
be allowed for display purposes only. Display
animals will be penned in a prominent location
and must meet the same health requirements as
all other animals. Only pen fees will be charged.
c. The breed must register a minimum of 500
animals in each of the preceding two years.
d. If a breed has a minimum of 35 animals, 20 in
milk from at least 5 exhibitors, from at least 5
separate herds (animals maintained at the same
location are considered to be one herd,
regardless of ownership) on display for two
consecutive years, they will be added to the
show the following year.
38
e. A minimum of 100 animals entered and 80
animals shown, 40 in milk, are required to
establish a dairy breed as a competitive breed.
Any new breed not meeting this requirement
must start the process from the beginning and
resubmit a request for inclusion in the National
Show.
f. Any established dairy goat breed failing to meet
the above requirement for two consecutive years
will be removed from the show.
Responsibilities of Subcommittees:
a. National Show Fund Raising Subcommittee:
Responsible for devising ways and means of
accumulating funds to help defray National
Show costs. The funds are to be used to help
cover costs of operating the National Show.
Only ADGA owned (non-consigned) items, or
those items benefiting an organization
sponsoring the current or future national show or
convention may be sold at the ADGA booth. The
funds that are raised are to be kept at the ADGA
office and will appear on the financial statements
as a separate line item under “Income.”
b. National Show Local Liaison Subcommittee:
Subcommittee of members selected annually by
the National Show Chair who are from the
region where the National Show will be held to
volunteer without financial compensation to
assist in non-financial ways with local resources
necessary for the planning and operation of the
National Show. The National Show Chair shall
determine the size and specific duties of the
subcommittee based on need.
c. National Show Subcommittee for Long-Range
Goals and Policies:
(1) Arrange for future National Shows by
initiating and receiving bids from State
Fairs, prominent District and County Fairs
and local sponsoring groups and selecting
and accepting the bid most advantageous to
the promotion of dairy goats and ADGA.
(2) Receive suggestions and evaluate the
operation of the current show in order to
make recommendations for the future,
which includes reviewing and making
recommendations for the National Show
Standard Operating Procedures.
(3) The National Show Long Range
Committee Chair shall perform a site visit
of proposed future National Show sites to
ensure adequacy of the proposed facilities
prior to final approval by the Board of
Directors of all bids to host a National
Show. Future National Show sites may be
approved subject to a satisfactory site visit;
however, all issues identified by the Long
Range Committee Chair as a result of the
site visit must be satisfactorily resolved
prior to final approval by the Board of
Directors.
39
17. Production Testing:
a. To form and recommend policy relating to
production testing of dairy goats through
ADGA (DHIR).
b. To write regulations expressing this policy
in concert with the regulatory bodies of the
dairy goat industry.
c. To encourage the enrollment and continued
enrollment in production testing.
18. Products: Investigate ways to bring dairy goat
products to the attention of the buying public
and encourage the use of these products.
19. Publicity/Promotional/Educational: Identify
and develop projects and activities to enhance
the dairy goat industry. Recruit new breeders
and encourage use of ADGA services. Generate
news releases to publications regarding ADGA
and ADGA members. Committee will
coordinate with the ADGA staff and other
committees Review all existing material and
develop new material based on needs of the
membership. This new material should be
available on various media including print, video
and audio.
20. Registration:
a. Propose registration/recordation rules and
monitor their implementation for
maintaining the integrity of pedigrees, and
efficient operation of the herd books.
b. It may also propose in consultation with
the Breed Clubs the opening, closing or
adjustments of herd books.
21. Reproductive Technology:
a. Gathers and creates materials regarding the
use and practice of reproductive
technologies.
b. Acts as a liaison between the reproductive
technology industries and ADGA.
c. Promotes the realistic use of assisted
reproductive technology as a tool of
genetic improvement.
d. Monitors the reproductive technology
industries and the use of such techniques,
recommending action where necessary.
e. Develops association policies and
guidelines pertaining to germplasm and the
resulting offspring derived by assisted
reproductive technologies (including, but
not limited to artificial insemination,
embryo transfer, cloning, etc.)
22. Scholarships: The Scholarships Committee
provides leadership to the following programs:
a. Recipient selection process for the ADGA
Jim Morrison Scholarships and other
scholarships as may be available from time
to time.
b. Liaison to 4-H/FFA organizations as an
interested party.
23. Shows: To review, update and recommend rules
as necessary for the conduct of official ADGA
Shows.
40
24. Spotlight Sale: Shall be responsible for
representing ADGA regarding the preparation
and presentation of all auction sales sponsored
by the Association.
Committee member’s Duties: Encourage
nominations of high quality dairy goats from
ADGA performance programs and showing
proven breedings. Select consignments with
careful thought and consistent reasoning with the
individual animal’s potential salability of
primary importance. Assist at Sale(s) within
animal needs, consignor needs and necessary
duties in a professional manner. (additional
information in appendix)
25. Type:
a. To function as the designated advisory
body on all matters relating to correctness
in structural type and consult with other
committees, such as Advanced Judges,
Judges Training, Assessment & Licensing,
Pre-Judges Training, and Linear Appraisal,
to insure uniform statement and application
throughout ADGA.
b. To organize and conduct a Type
Conference before the general membership
at least every other year in conjunction
with the Annual Meeting.
26. Youth Activities: Shall promote and coordinate
youth activities for the Association at the Annual
Meeting and National Show.
27. Youth/4-H/FFA Projects:
a. Promote project work and record keeping
skills among members of 4-H and FFA by
providing updated project materials when
available.
b. Other programs deemed appropriate to
further the learning experience in the field
of Dairy Goats for Youth.
ADGA Research Foundation: In 1976, the
American Dairy Goat Association Board of
Directors, at the Annual Meeting, proposed and
adopted the ADGA Research Foundation for the
purpose of promoting and directing research and
educational activities concerning dairy goats.
The Foundation consists of five Trustees
appointed by the ADGA Executive Committee.
Trustees serve for one year or until replaced. The
Foundation is a nonprofit corporation that serves
as an independent arm of ADGA under the
management of its Trustees with its own
checking and savings accounts. The Foundation
conducts its own business and is accountable to
ADGA only for finances and with an annual full
report of its activities.
All correspondence, including proposals for
research, should be sent to the Foundation
secretary, and will be answered promptly by the
secretary or whomever the Foundation President
designates. Copies of correspondence will be
sent to all Trustees for their comments, and
copies of all replies along with a ballot will be
sent to all Trustees. The Trustees are requested
41
to investigate further, information on proposals
and progress whenever possible. If a research
proposal is approved and funds are available,
money will be granted. No further approval from
the ADGA Board of Directors is required. The
original copy of each proposal and all records
concerning correspondence, including ballot
results and conclusions, will be permanently
stored in the ADGA Archives.
Tax-deductible donations, designated for the
ADGA Research Foundation, may be sent
directly to the ADGA office. ADGA Research
Foundation Grant Request Forms are available
from the Foundation Secretary and from ADGA.
Official ADGA Representative: From time to
time, an individual may be appointed to
represent ADGA at specific events or to perform
specific functions.
a. Duties and Responsibilities
1. Represent ADGA at meetings,
conventions, and other events.
2. Exhibiting a positive attitude and provide a
ready explanation of the benefits of raising
dairy goats and belonging to ADGA.
3. Communicate effectively in a public
setting.
4. Dress appropriately for the event and
convey a professional image.
5. Communicate in writing, within 30 days, a
summary of activities that occurred at the
event to the President of ADGA.
b. Qualifications
1. Must be a current ADGA member.
2. Have an understanding of ADGA and its
programs.
3. Have an interest in dairy goats and be
willing to work to promote the benefits of
raising dairy goats.
4. Enjoy working with people and products
associated with agriculture and specifically
dairy goats.
5. Have the ability to communicate
effectively and address the public in a
positive manner.
6. Have the time to fulfill the commitment
necessary for proper representation of
ADGA.
c. Appointment
1. A specific event with definite dates and
time identified.
2. Duties and responsibilities outlined by the
President.
3. Appointed by the President with approval
of the Executive Committee.
d. Expenses
1. Any expenses to be reimbursed would
require prior review and approval of the
Executive Committee.
42
VII. TATTOO POLICY
(See Appendix for additional information on Tattooing.)
Definitions:
ADGA Primary Identification (ID): A unique approved
permanent marking (eg: tattoos) or internal device, recorded on
the certificate of registration/recordation, used to confirm a dairy
goat’s identification for the purposes of registry activities (eg:
production verification test, show, linear appraisal, AI, service
memos, semen collection, or sale/change of ownership). Primary
identification is used to verify that the animal presented is the
same animal being represented by the registration/recordation
certificate. Currently, ADGA approves conforming tattoos as the
primary identification for dairy goats.
ADGA secondary identification (ID): A unique approved
permanent marking or internal device which can be used, under
specific circumstances, to verify the identification of a
registered/recorded dairy goat when the primary identification
can only be partially verified.
Other ID Terms: “Visible ID” (tags, neck chains, leg bands) are
management ID and not considered permanent. CDCB Data ID
(usage for genetic evaluations) is a combination of Council on
Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB) format plus registry identification.
“Permanent ID” is used as a DHI term. Radio Frequency
Identification, “RFID”, is synonomous with Electronic
Identification, “EID”. “Microchip” is synonomous with
“implant”.
As of January 1, 2018 ADGA approves the use of (EID) as a
supplement to ADGA’s tattoo policy under specific conditions
for all programs as an interim policy until sole use of EID can be
considered. (See appendix for additional information on
Tattooing and information on Electronic "EID" methods and
regulatory usages.)
ADGA’s Identification policies are for ADGA programs only. It
is the responsibility of the member to know individual state
and/or federal requirements for interstate and intrastate
movement, fairs/exhibitions, movement to market channels, and
disease eradication programs. Registration papers or additional
visible identification may be required to accompany the goat
when used for regulatory programs.
1. It is required that all goats presented for registry or
recordation be tattooed before application is made.
Refer to XIX: Recommended trade practices for
members.
2. The ADGA office will assign a set of unique tattoo
letters to members, who do not request them, for their
exclusive use. (There is no charge for this service.)
Effective June 1, 2002, members are required to use
their assigned sequence. Single character herd tattoo
or the ET sequence is no longer allowed starting
January 1, 2020.
3. The tattoo will be the permanent identification and
will apply to all ADGA programs requiring
identification of animals by including, but not limited
to, registration, linear appraisal, production testing and
43
shows. If an approved EID method is used as
supplemental ID, the owner of the animal shall make
provisions to have an EID reader for use in programs
listed above.
4. When a goat is re-tattooed due to a fading or illegible
tattoo, the registration or recordation certificate shall
be sent to the office, with the appropriate revision fee,
and will be marked "re-tattooed". When a goat is re-
identified due to a lost or missing EID, the registration
or recordation certificate shall be sent to the office,
with the appropriate revision fee, and will be marked
"re-implanted".
5. A tattoo will be deemed correct:
a. If the correct tattoo can be identified.
b. If other markings exist, they are to be disregarded if
the papers are marked "Re-tattooed"; the
designation "Re-tattooed" shall be placed on the
papers without review if the new tattoo is identical
to the old tattoo. In implanted animals, if more than
one EID implant is detected, the designation "re-
implanted" along with all EID numbers (each
verified for uniqueness) shall be placed on the
papers.
c. Only upon the filing of a Tattoo Revision request
form or a Permanent Identification Revision request
form may the registration or recordation papers be
marked re-tattooed or re-implanted when the
original and new tattoos or implants are not the
same.
d. In instances described in c, all sequences will
appear on the registration or recordation certificates
next to the designation "RE-TATTOOED" or "RE-
IMPLANTED."
VIII. RULES FOR REGISTRATION
AND RECORDATION
FOREWORD
Purebred dairy goats shall be registered in separate herd books
according to breed. Purebred dairy goats with the exception of
Purebred LaMancha, Purebred Nigerian Dwarf, and Purebred
Sable are defined to be those goats imported from the Eastern
Hemisphere that were duly registered in the countries of their
origin before their importation; and those goats duly and correctly
registered by the American Dairy Goat Association in conformity
with registration rules and regulations as purebreds and their
lineal descendants. All other goats are to be recorded in separate
books and must be so designated on the certificate of recording.
Every certificate of entry or transfer is based on the
representations contained in the application for registration or
transfer. If the animals have been admitted to entry or transferred
through error, misrepresentation, or fraud, such entries or
transfers are void, together with any entries and transfers that
may have been made of progeny of any such animals, and the
American Dairy Goat Association assumes no liability or
damages arising from such entry or transfer.
When ADGA becomes aware of potential misrepresentation
of pedigree via public media, the Association Manager will
contact the member to attempt resolution. The Association
Manager will report the potential misrepresentation and the
44
results from the member contact to the Executive Committee for
review and appropriate action.
In the event of a conflict, ADGA records shall control for
the registration of dairy goats.
Purebred or American bucks must be the offspring of
parents of the same breed and registered in the Purebred or
American herd books of that breed with the exception of kids
from Saanen to Saanen breedings which meet the Sable breed
standard. In that case, the breeder is allowed at the time of
registration to choose to register the kid as a Sable or an
Experimental.
DNA shall be required to be on file for ALL bucks born on
or after January 1, 2023 prior to registration of progeny.
Further explanation of ADGA registration and recordation
rules are in the Appendix of this Guidebook. Refer also to the
Appendix for information on transfer of ownership, registering a
herd prefix, authorized signature, service memo, and other
registration or recordation provisions.
A. RULES FOR REGISTRATION OF PUREBRED
DAIRY GOATS
1. The sire and dam of all animals must be registered
purebreds of the same breed, with the exception of
Purebred LaManchas, Purebred Sables, and Purebred
Guernseys. See Rule 11 in this section.
2. The sire of the animal whose registry is applied for
must have been owned by the person making applica-
tion at the date of conception OR a service memo
signed by the owner of the buck on date of service
must be presented with the application. Any member
of a buck owner relationship can register kids without
a service memorandum. If a Buck Lease Memoran-
dum is on file in the ADGA office the service memo
may be signed by the lessee of the buck.
3. Service memos should be issued only after checking
tattoos on both animals against registra-
tion/recordation certificates (additional information in
appendix).
4. The breeder of an animal is the person owning the
dam at the time of service and is recognized as the
breeder of the kid produced by such service, unless a
doe lease memorandum is on file in the ADGA office.
5. The dam of the animal whose registry is applied for
must have been owned by the person making the ap-
plication at the time of the animal’s birth OR a bill of
sale signed by such owner must accompany applica-
tion. Such ownership must correspond with ADGA
records. If the animal is transferred more than once
before being registered, a bill of sale for each transfer
must be included.
6. The term imported shall apply only to animals bred
outside the Western Hemisphere. Such animals must
be declared at point of entry into the United States as
to their breeding and ownership. To qualify for regis-
try in the ADGA, they must be accompanied by an of-
ficial certificate of pedigree from the official registry
association of the country from which they are im-
ported.
7. It is strongly recommended that unsound or unworthy
animals not be presented for registration. (See Breed
Standards and Evaluation of Defects sections.)
45
8. When a doe is rebred within ten days of a previous
breeding, whether through live service or through
artificial insemination, to a different buck than the
original breeding, the resulting offspring must only be
eligible for the Experimental herd book, providing they
otherwise meet the requirements of the Experimental
herd book, unless parental verification through DNA
has been completed.
9. It is required that all goats presented for registry be
tattooed before application is made. The ADGA office
will assign a set of unique tattoo letters to members,
who do not request them, for their exclusive use. There
is no charge for this service. (additional information in
appendix)
10. The breed of each animal shall be clearly marked on
the application for registry and the animal must be true
to breed type as shown below and must not have a
breed specific disqualification as listed in Section
XVII. Evaluation of Defects - Disqualifications -
Breed Specific:
a. Alpine—erect ears
b. Guernsey—erect ears - color must be shades of
gold, ranging from very pale flaxen cream to
deep russet or bronze. Full or partial roaning;
white patches; white face; star/blaze are
acceptable. The golden body color should be
dominant, with no preference shown to any
shade or pattern. Hair may be short or long and
flowing or a combination of both. A long
curtain, skirt, and/or dorsal fringe of body hair
are desirable, although not required to meet
standard. Skin color must display a gold tone,
ranging from peachy- flesh to orange-gold in one
or more of these places; muzzle, ears, eyes,
under tail, mammary or scrotum.
c. LaMancha—short ears, either gopher (very
short) or elf (BUCKS must have gopher ears)
d. Nigerian Dwarf—erect ears
e. Nubian—pendulous ears
f. Oberhasli—erect ears - color must be
Chamoisee - ranging from light to a deep red bay
with black facial stripes, muzzle and forehead;
black stripes from the base of each ear coming to
a point just back of the poll and continuing along
the neck and back as a dorsal stripe to the tail;
black belly and light gray to black udder; black
legs below the knees and hocks; ears black
inside and bay outside. (BLACK DOES may be
registered but their registration number shall
carry a “B” as a suffix.)
g. Saanen—erect ears—no other color but white or
cream
h. Sable—erect ears—any color except solid white
or solid light cream
i. Toggenburg—erect ears—color must be some
shade of fawn or brown with white or light color
markings as facial stripes, outline of ear, below
knees and hocks, and a triangle on each side of
tail base in pin-bone area. (DOES which are
black in color but with above markings may be
registered but their registration number shall
carry a “B” as a suffix.)
46
11. a. All LaMancha dairy goats born after January 1,
1980, and having three generations of American
LaMancha ancestry will be entered into an open
Purebred LaMancha herd book.
b. Sables having three generations of American
Sable ancestry or one parent with three
generations of American Sable ancestry and one
parent Purebred Sable will be entered into an
open Purebred Sable herd book. An exception to
this rule are kids which meet the Sable breed
standard and are born of Purebred Saanen
parents. In that case, the breeder is allowed at the
time of registration to choose to register the kid
as a Purebred Sable or an Experimental.
c. Guernseys having three generations of American
Guernsey ancestry or one parent with three
generations of American Guernsey ancestry and
one parent Purebred Guernsey will be entered
into an open Purebred Guernsey herd book. If
both parents are British Guernseys (registered
with the British Goat Society), the offspring will
be Purebred Guernsey if the application is
accompanied by a statement signed by an
ADGA member, who is not a member of the
applicant's family, that the animal being
registered conforms to the Guernsey breed type,
as do 5 generations of its ancestors (see K).
12. Acceptance into the ADGA Nigerian Dwarf herd
books will be based on the Bylaws already in place,
specifically, the re-registration of American Goat
Society and Canadian Goat Society registered animals
(section VIII, I). Any AGS or CGS registered
purebred Nigerian Dwarf is eligible for registration
into the ADGA Purebred Nigerian Dwarf herd book.
The only other animals that will be eligible are those
that are the offspring of ADGA, AGS, and/or CGS
registered purebred Nigerian Dwarf parents.
13. The American Dairy Goat Association accepts
animals that have been produced by cloning for
registry or recordation, so long as appropriate
documentation is provided. Refer to section O. below.
B. RULES FOR NAMING
1. The animal to be registered must have a name, limited
to 30 letters and spaces. In order to avoid duplication,
the Secretary-Treasurer may change the name by
adding to, taking away from or substituting, unless
checked for return.
2. The herd name (prefix) of the breeder shall be the first
part of the registered name of the goat. The breeder is
the registered owner of a doe on the date she is
serviced. The herd name (prefix) of a lessee may be
used if a doe lease form is on file in the ADGA office
at the time of service. If a goat is sold to a new owner
during pregnancy, all offspring of that breeding shall
have the herd name (prefix) of the breeder of the
offspring at the time of service regardless of the
ownership of the dam and/or its offspring when the
application for registration is made. The herd name
(prefix) may be transferred only upon written request
of the owner, their heirs, or assigns.
47
3. All animals registered by breeders that do not have a
registered herd name will have the word “THE”
inserted as a herd name.
4. In naming an animal, care must be taken to avoid
including another person’s herd name as part of your
chosen name. Using another breeder’s herd name
within your animal’s name can be considered an
infringement upon that person’s registered herd name,
unless this is agreed to by that breeder. This use of
another breeder’s registered herd name could result in
a misrepresentation of your animal’s pedigree.
(additional information in appendix)
5. Names of goats that the ADGA Association Manager
determines to be objectionable, including, but not
limited to, names determined to be obscene, shall not
be permitted. The Association Manager may consult
with the Executive Committee for review before
making a final decision.
C. RULES FOR TRANSFER
1. When a registered goat is sold, it must be transferred
to the buyer and the transfer recorded on ADGA
records before its progeny can be registered. All
changes of ownership must be recorded through
ADGA. (additional information in appendix)
2. Registration certificates should be transferred
officially by ADGA, from seller to buyer, within six
(6) months from the date of sale.
3. If you are selling an unregistered animal, you should
give the purchaser a bill of sale. If you sell an animal
and wish to register and transfer it at the same time,
complete item 12 on the application form, which is a
legal transfer form. When you transfer an animal,
which has already been registered, you should fill out
the certificate of transfer on the Certificate of
Registry.
4. If, after careful review of all pertinent information, the
Executive Committee feels that a transfer should be
made, the certificate may be transferred without the
signature of the seller.
5. ADGA recognizes that the inclusion of a registration
certificate upon sale of an animal is at the owner’s
discretion. Animals sold without transfer of
registration are recognized by ADGA as unregistered
animals and should be recorded by the new owner
according to the guideline for recording an animal of
unknown parentage.
6. For records purposes, all testing, show and appraisal
information on an animal is considered as being linked
to the registration number of that animal. Any re-
registration/recordation done through Rule 5 (above),
renders all previous records on an animal to be void
for purposes of registration or advertising.
D. GENERAL RULES FOR RECORDATION OF
GRADE DAIRY GOATS OR REGISTRATION OF
AMERICAN BREEDS
1. Where one parent is a registered animal, the doe
offspring may be recorded as 1/2 American of that
breed, provided she conforms to that breed standard. If
such offspring is then mated to a registered buck of
that same breed, the resulting doe offspring may be
48
recorded as 3/4 of that breed, providing she conforms
to that breed standard. These 3/4 does, when mated to
a registered buck of the same breed, will produce kids
that are 7/8 of that breed, and does of this group are
eligible for entry into the American section of the
register, provided they meet that breed standard.
2. Rules 2 through 11 of the Purebred register shall apply
in all cases to the American breed register. The
parents of all applicants for American breed
registration must be of the same breed, except that one
of the parents may be a Purebred and the other parent
an American of the same breed. An exception to the
above is kids born of Saanen to Saanen breedings
which meet the Sable breed standards. In that case, the
breeder can choose at the time of registration to
register the animal as a Sable or an Experimental.
3. Rules 2 through 11 of the Purebred register shall apply
in all cases of the grade record except where Rule 2 or
4 cannot apply in all cases of the unknown parent.
4. The recordation/experimental programs are intended
for the standard sized dairy goat breeds recognized by
the American Dairy Goat Association. Recordation
applications indicating goat parentage of a breed(s)
other than of the standard size breeds recognized by
the American Dairy Goat Association will be rejected.
Knowingly filing application when sire or dam
contain a percentage of breeds not registered by
ADGA or Nigerian Dwarf shall be considered as
misrepresentation of pedigree.
5. Purebred or American bucks must be the offspring of
parents of the same breed and both parents must be
registered in the Purebred or American herd books
except for kids born of Saanen to Saanen breedings
which meet the Sable breed standards. In that case, the
breeder can choose at the time of registration to
register the animal as a Sable or an Experimental.
6. A doe of unknown pedigree may be recorded as a
Native on Appearance (NOA) if the application is
accompanied by a statement signed by an ADGA
member, who is not a member of the applicant’s
family that the doe being recorded conforms to a
specific breed type. This is a standalone rule and the
above rules do not apply.
E. RULES FOR RECORDATION OF GRADES
(Female Only)
1. ALPINE
1/2 AMERICAN
One parent is a purebred or American Alpine and
the other is of unrecorded or unknown ancestry.
3/4 AMERICAN
Sire is a purebred or American Alpine and the dam
is recorded as a 1/2 American Alpine.
2. GUERNSEY
1/2 AMERICAN
One parent is a purebred or American Guernsey
and the other is of unrecorded or unknown
ancestry.
3/4 AMERICAN
Sire is a purebred or American Guernsey and the
dam is recorded as a 1/2 American Guernsey.
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3. LAMANCHA
1/2 AMERICAN
One parent is a purebred or American LaMancha
and the other is of unrecorded or unknown
ancestry.
3/4 AMERICAN
Sire is a purebred or American LaMancha and the
dam is recorded as a 1/2 American LaMancha.
4. NUBIAN
1/2 AMERICAN
One parent is a purebred or American Nubian and
the other is of unrecorded or unknown ancestry.
3/4 AMERICAN
Sire is a purebred or American Nubian and the dam is
recorded as a 1/2 American Nubian.
5. OBERHASLI
1/2 AMERICAN
One parent is a purebred or American Oberhasli and the
other is of unrecorded or unknown ancestry.
3/4 AMERICAN
Sire is a purebred or American Oberhasli and the
dam is recorded as a 1/2 American Oberhasli.
6. SAANEN
1/2 AMERICAN
One parent is a purebred or American Saanen and
the other is of unrecorded or unknown ancestry.
3/4 AMERICAN
Sire is a purebred or American Saanen and the dam
is recorded as a 1/2 American Saanen.
7. SABLE
1/2 AMERICAN
One parent is a purebred or American Sable and the
other is of unrecorded or unknown ancestry.
3/4 AMERICAN
Sire is a purebred or American Sable and the dam is
recorded as a 1/2 American Sable.
8. TOGGENBURG
1/2 AMERICAN
One parent is a purebred or American Toggenburg
and the other is of unrecorded or unknown
ancestry.
3/4 AMERICAN
Sire is a purebred or American Toggenburg and the
dam is recorded as a 1/2 American Toggenburg.
NOTES:
If the individual to be registered is anything but correct
color and/or type, it is not eligible for entry into a breed
herd book. It may, however, be recorded in an Experimental
Register. If the individual conforms to breed standard but
either parent does not, the animal still is not eligible for
entry into the American section, but it can be put into an
Experimental Register. An exception to this rule is kids
meeting the Sable breed standard which are born of Saanen
to Saanen breedings. In that case, the breeder can choose at
the time of registration to register the animal as a Sable or
an Experimental.
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F. RULES FOR THE REGISTRATION OF AMERICAN
BREEDS
(Originally adopted October 20, 1952)
1. AMERICAN ALPINE
Animals may be registered in this section of the herd
book when they qualify under any of the following
provisions:
a. When the sire and the dam are registered as
American Alpines.
b. When one parent is an American Alpine and the
other is a purebred Alpine.
c. Females only can be registered when the sire is
an American or purebred Alpine and the dam is
a 3/4 (or higher) Alpine in the Grade, Grade
Experimental or Experimental herd book. The
doe to be registered, as well as the dam and the
maternal grandam, must be of correct Alpine
type (see H. Notes).
2. AMERICAN GUERNSEY
Animals may be registered in this section of the herd
book when they qualify under any of the following
provisions:
a. When the sire and the dam are registered as
American Guernseys.
b. When one parent is an American Guernsey and
the other is a purebred Guernsey.
c. Females only can be registered when the sire is
an American or purebred Guernsey and the dam
is a 3/4 (or higher) Guernsey in the Grade, Grade
Experimental or Experimental herd book. The
doe to be registered, as well as the dam and the
maternal grandam, must be of correct Guernsey
type (see H. Notes).
d. If both parents are British Guernseys (registered
with the British Goat Society), the offspring will
be American Guernsey if the application is
accompanied by a statement signed by an
ADGA member, who is not a member of the
applicant's family, that the animal being
registered conforms to the Guernsey breed type,
as do 2 generations of its ancestors (see K).
2. AMERICAN LAMANCHA
Animals may be registered in this section of the herd
book when they qualify under any of the following
provisions:
a. When the sire and the dam are registered as
American LaManchas.
b. When one parent is an American LaMancha and
the other is a purebred LaMancha.
c. Females only can be registered when the sire is
an American or purebred LaMancha and the dam
is a 3/4 (or higher) LaMancha in the Grade,
Grade Experimental or Experimental herd book.
The doe to be registered, as well as the dam and
the maternal grandam, must be of correct
LaMancha type (see H. Notes).
d. Males to be registered must have gopher ears.
3. AMERICAN NUBIAN
Animals may be registered in this section of the herd
book when they qualify under any of the following
provisions:
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a. When the sire and the dam are registered as
American Nubians.
b. When one parent is an American Nubian and the
other is a purebred Nubian.
c. Females only can be registered when the sire is
an American or purebred Nubian and the dam is
a 3/4 (or higher) Nubian in the Grade, Grade
Experimental or Experimental herd book. The
doe to be registered, as well as the dam and the
maternal grandam, must be of correct Nubian
type (see H. Notes).
4. AMERICAN OBERHASLI
Animals may be registered in this section of the herd
book when they qualify under any of the following
provisions:
a. When the sire and the dam are registered as
American Oberhasli.
b. When one parent is an American Oberhasli and
the other is a purebred Oberhasli.
c. Females only can be registered when the sire is
an American or purebred Oberhasli and the dam
is a 3/4 (or higher) Oberhasli in the Grade,
Grade Experimental or Experimental herd book.
The doe to be registered, as well as the dam and
the maternal grandam, must be of correct
Oberhasli type (see H. Notes).
5. AMERICAN SAANEN
Animals may be registered in this section of the herd
book when they qualify under any of the following
provisions:
a. When the sire and the dam are registered as
American Saanens.
b. When one parent is an American Saanen and the
other is a purebred Saanen.
c. Females only can be registered when the sire is
an American or purebred Saanen and the dam is
a 3/4 (or higher) Saanen in the Grade, Grade
Experimental or Experimental herd book. The
doe to be registered, as well as the dam and the
maternal grandam, must be of correct Saanen
type, white in color (dark ticking and cream cast
allowed) (see H. Notes).
6. AMERICAN SABLE
Animals may be registered in this section of the herd
book when they qualify under any of the following
provisions and meet Sable breed standard:
a. When the sire and the dam are registered as
American Sable.
b. When one parent is an American Sable and the
other is a purebred Sable.
c. When the sire and dam are registered as Saanens
and the kid conforms to the Sable breed
standard, the breeder can choose at the time of
registration to register the kid as a Sable or an
Experimental.
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7. AMERICAN TOGGENBURG
Animals may be registered in this section of the herd
book when they qualify under any of the following
provisions:
a. When the sire and the dam are registered as
American Toggenburgs.
b. When one parent is an American Toggenburg
and the other is a purebred Toggenburg.
c. Females only can be registered when the sire is
an American or purebred Toggenburg and the
dam is a 3/4 (or higher) Toggenburg in the
Grade, Grade Experimental or Experimental
herd book. The doe to be registered, as well as
the dam and the maternal grandam, must be of
correct Toggenburg type (see H. Notes).
G. RULES FOR ENTRY INTO EXPERIMENTAL
REGISTRY
Experimentals are the product of the mating of registered
American or Purebred parents of different breeds. The
mating of the Purebred or American parents of the same
breed, whose offspring do not meet breed standards, or the
mating of Experimental animals may be entered in the
Experimental Register.
1. When both parents are in the Experimental Register.
2. When one parent is in the Experimental Register and
the other parent is in the Purebred or American
Register.
3. When both parents are in the same Purebred or
American Register, but the offspring is not eligible for
entrance in the Purebred or American Register
because it does not conform to the breed standards.
4. When one parent is in one Purebred or American
Register and the other parent is in a different Purebred
or American Register.
5. When a doe is in the Purebred, American, or
Experimental Register and she has been exposed
during the heat period to more than one buck in the
Purebred, American, or Experimental Register, either
naturally or artificially, the resulting progeny must
only be eligible for the Experimental herd book,
providing they otherwise meet the requirements of the
Experimental herd book, unless parental verification
through DNA has been completed.
H. RULES FOR ENTRANCE INTO GRADE
EXPERIMENTAL RECORD (Females Only)
Grade Experimentals are the product of mating Recorded
grade does or Grade Experimental does to Purebred,
American, or Experimental bucks, or may be from unknown
parents in the case of Native on Performance. Females do
not have to meet breed standards.
1. One parent is in the Purebred, American, or
Experimental Register and the other is of unknown or
unrecorded ancestry.
53
2. Sire is in the Purebred, American, or Experimental
Register and the dam is recorded as a Grade
Experimental or a Recorded Grade of any breed.
3. The following rule has been suspended, effective
2013: A doe of unknown pedigree may be recorded as
a Native on Performance (NOP) Grade Experimental
if the doe earns the equivalent of her *M rating on
DHIA test. The individual doe lactation record page
showing the total milk, butterfat, and production must
accompany the application. The doe can be recorded
as a NOP and simultaneously be awarded her *M
status after the proper forms are filed and fees are
paid.
NOTES: These pertain to the Experimental Register and the
Grade Experimental Record.
1. When a doe is 87.5% pure for one breed and she, her
parents, as well as her maternal and paternal
grandparents have met the same breed standard, she is
eligible to be registered as an American of that breed.
2. When a buck is at least 93.75% pure for one breed and
he, his parents, his maternal and paternal
grandparents, as well as all his great grandparents
have all met the same breed standard, he is eligible to
be registered as an American.
I. RULES FOR CHANGING HERD BOOKS
Animals may change herd book when the current owner
submits a completed Herd Book Change Review form to
ADGA to remove the goat from its current herd book and
register it in the correct herd book. The form must include a
concise explanation as to why the buck or doe no longer
meets the current herd book requirements, color
photographs clearly showing the breed discrepancy that
would disqualify the animal from being registered in its
current herd book, and the animal’s ADGA registration
paper.
This information will be provided to an ad hoc
committee appointed by the ADGA President and made up
of a member of the Executive Committee, a member of the
Registration Committee and a member of the Breed
Standards Committee who will review the petition and
supporting documentation and make a decision. If this
animal is a currently-bred doe, her offspring, if meeting
breed standard, will be registered in the herd book of the
breed in which she was registered at the time the kids were
conceived.
Once an animal is registered as either Sable or Saanen,
it may only change herd books into the Experimental
Register. An animal will not be allowed to change from the
Experimental Register to either the Sable or Saanen herd
book.
54
J. RULES FOR REREGISTERING AMERICAN GOAT
SOCIETY/CANADIAN GOAT SOCIETY DAIRY
GOATS WITH THE AMERICAN DAIRY GOAT
ASSOCIATION
Registration of individual dairy goats may be allowed on
the basis of original AGS/CGS certificates, and the ADGA
certificates will plainly show the basis of this registration.
From the Western Hemisphere only AGS/CGS are
recognized by ADGA.
1. The application for registry must be accompanied with
the proper fee and the AGS/CGS certificate for the
dairy goat being registered. The AGS/CGS certificate
or a copy thereof will be retained on file in the ADGA
Herd Book as the basis for the re-registration. The
original AGS/CGS certificate will be returned if
requested. (All animals being re-registered with
ADGA from the American Goat Society or the
Canadian Goat Society will have the prefix AGS or
CGS added to their name for purposes of ADGA
registration.)
2. If the dairy goat to be ADGA registered is not
registered in AGS/CGS but has either or both parents
registered in AGS/CGS, you should follow these
instructions. (a) Fill out a regular ADGA application
for registry. (b) Submit a photocopy of the AGS/CGS
registered parent(s). If you cannot submit a photocopy
of the parent(s) AGS/CGS certificate, you may submit
the original certificate(s) and we will make a
photocopy for you for a fee of 50 cents each. We will
return the original AGS/CGS certificate(s) to you.
3. In case the transfer of ownership into your name has
not been officially recorded on the AGS/CGS
certificate of the dairy goat to be re-registered, you
should include the bill of sale from the former owner
along with the correct transfer fee.
4. The application for registry should be signed on line
11 by the present owner of the dairy goat (either as
officially recorded on the AGS/CGS certificate or as
shown on the accompanying bill of sale). Line 12 of
the application is not used unless you are transferring
the animal to another person.
5. The ADGA certificate of registry which is issued on
this basis will show that it is based on the AGS/CGS
record. This is done for the protection of the owner
and to show that some of the information came from a
source other than the ADGA Herd Book. The
certificate issued is the regulation Pure Breed
Certificate of Registry
6. For Sable does being re-registered with ADGA from
AGS, registration certificates from AGS and/or
ADGA must be provided documenting that her sire
and dam plus all of her grandparents are registered as
Sables. For Sable bucks being re-registered with
ADGA from AGS, registration certificates from AGS
and/or ADGA must be provided documenting that his
sire, dam, and all grandparents plus great grandparents
are registered as Sables.
7. During the re-registration process by ADGA of
Canadian-imported dairy goats accompanied by CGS
certificates, the following designations will
automatically be recognized and incorporated into the
ADGA registration:
55
a. LaManchas registered as purebred in Canada
must be registered as purebred with the
American Dairy Goat Association. Oberhasli
registered as purebred in Canada after the
opening of the Canadian Herd book must be
registered as American with the American Dairy
Goat Association.
b. Permanent Championship prefixes of either
GCH or CH shall be affixed to the registered
names.
c. All + or *S or *P designations, which are the
Canadian equivalent of +B, *B or *M,
respectively, shall be so noted on ADGA
certificates.
d. In addition to the preceding two areas of
officially earned show and milk registry status,
those individual show wins earned at CGS-
sanctioned shows (indicated by an official show
certificate accompanying registration certificate
at the time of re-registry) shall be credited to the
animal’s history towards eligibility for GCH or
CH titles.
e. Completed official lactation records will be
incorporated into the lifetime production records
of Canadian-transferred does when submitted by
ADGA or CGS members on reregistered
animals.
f. Persons with living goats they have imported
from Canada that were permanent champions or
had stars or pluses in Canada prior to their
importation can ask for a certificate revision to
retroactively receive credit for those awards with
the proper application and payment of fees to the
ADGA office for the revised certificates.
K. RULES FOR REREGISTERING GUERNSEY GOAT
BREEDERS OF AMERICA & BRITISH GOAT
SOCIETY GUERNSEY GOATS WITH AMERICAN
DAIRY GOAT ASSOCIATION
Registration of individual dairy goats may be allowed on
the basis of original BGS and/or GGBoA certificates and
the ADGA certificates will plainly show the basis of this
registration.
1. The application for registry must be accompanied with
the proper fee and the BGS certificate for the dairy goat
being registered. The BGS certificate or a copy thereof
will be retained on file in the ADGA Herd Book as the
basis for the re-registration. The original BGS
certificate will be returned if requested. (All animals
being re-registered with ADGA from the British Goat
Society will have the prefix BGS added to their name
for purposes of ADGA registration.)
2. If the dairy goat to be ADGA registered is not
registered in BGS but has either or both parents
registered in BGS, you should follow these instructions.
(a) Fill out a regular ADGA application for registry. (b)
Submit a photocopy of the BGS registered parent(s). If
you cannot submit a photocopy or the parent(s) BGS
certificate, you may submit the original certificate(s)
and we will make a photocopy for you for a fee of 50
56
cents each. We will return the original BGS
certificate(s) to you.
3. As breed status with the BGS is dependent on pedigree
alone and not on conformation to breed standard, the
application must also be accompanied by a statement
signed by an ADGA member, who is not a member of
the applicant’s family that the animal being registered
conforms to the Guernsey breed type, as do two
generations of its ancestors (for American Guernsey) or
five generations of its ancestors (for Purebred
Guernsey).
4. In case the transfer of ownership into your name has not
been officially recorded on the BGS certificate of the
dairy goat to be re-registered, you should include the
bill of sale from the former owner along with the
correct transfer fee.
5. The application for registry should be signed on line 11
by the present owner of the dairy goat (either as
officially recorded on the BGS certificate or as shown
on the accompanying bill of sale). Line 12 of the
application is not used unless you are transferring the
animal to another person.
6. The ADGA certificate of registry which is issued on
this basis will show that it is based on the BGS record.
This is done for the protection of the owner and to show
that some of the information came from a source other
than the ADGA Herd Book. The certificate issued is the
regulation Pure Breed Certificate of Registry.
7. Animals registered with the GGBoA at the time of the
creation of the ADGA Guernsey Herd Book will be
reregistered with the ADGA as either Grade,
Experimental, American or Purebred Guernsey based
on their records with the GGBoA. GGBoA will cease to
register new animals once the ADGA Guernsey
Herdbook is established.
L. PROCEDURES FOR BREEDS REQUESTING ADGA
RECOGNITION
1. General Requirement Rules
Any organized breed association requesting ADGA
recognition shall file the following information with
the Secretary-Treasurer of ADGA and supply a copy
to each ADGA Director and each member of the
following committees: Executive, Registration, and
Breed Standards, a minimum of 180 days prior to the
Annual Meeting.
a. Requesting Breed Association’s Constitution
and Bylaws and a list of current officers.
b. Requesting Breed Association’s “Proposed
Breed Standard.”
c. A History of the development of the breed,
including other breeds used for development,
breeders involved in the development, dates of
development history, approximate numbers and
verifiable purebred pedigree information from a
verifiable registry on existing animals shall be
provided.
57
d. A statement defining the “uniqueness” of the
breed.
e. A minimum of one hundred (100) animals (4
generation pedigree required) which: 1. have
been born within ten (10) years of the date the
proposal is submitted to ADGA, and 2. conform
to the breed standard and whose parents,
grandparents and great grandparents all conform
to the breed standard. All animals must be listed
in a verifiable registry and shown as conforming
to the breed standard, or be a sub group of an
existing breed with heritable traits that
distinguish it from the parent breed, such as
color, meeting all other rules of this section “a”
through “f”. Pedigrees submitted must be
supplied in a searchable database.
f. A minimum of one hundred (100) animals, bred
by at least fifteen (15) different breeders and
owned by at least fifteen (15) different people.
Those listed as breeders can also be counted as
owners provided they are active with the breed
at the time of application for breed recognition.
A breeder is defined as the owner of a doe on the
date she is serviced.
2. Additional Requirement for Breeds Imported as live
animals or embryos. For breeds which have been
recently established in the United States by
importation, it is required that the following apply in
order to be accepted for registration:
a. Registration information for the imported
animals provided by the National Registry or
Breed Association in the country of their origin
shall be included for each animal.
b. In cases where embryo transfer has occurred,
verification by a Veterinarian or other verified
professional from the Country of Origin as well
as the Veterinarian who implanted the embryos.
c. A copy of the Breed Standard in use by the
foreign registry and requirements for entry into
that Registry.
d. The number of animals imported and the date(s)
of import.
e. Documentation of any offspring of the imported
animals born subsequent to their import.
f. In the case of frozen embryos, the supporting
information and signatures currently in force by
ADGA for embryo transfers and outlined in the
ADGA Guidebook.
3. Additional Requirements for Breeds Established by
Separating out Stock from Breeds Already
Recognized by ADGA
a. A list of breeders actively involved with
breeding these animals.
b. An estimate of animals eligible for registry.
c. What would be required to establish a new herd
book?
4. Action to be taken by ADGA upon receipt of a request
to recognize a new breed.
a. After receiving a request for breed recognition,
the ADGA Secretary-Treasurer should confirm
that a complete copy has been provided to both
58
the Registration Committee Chair and the Breed
Standards Committee Chair.
b. A request for New Breed recognition shall be
printed in the next available issue of the ADGA
News & Events, and shall include a survey
requesting input from the ADGA membership.
The results of this “Membership Survey” shall
be collected and forwarded to the Registration
and Breed Standards Committees. After
consideration of all available information, those
committees will provide their recommendation
to the Board of Directors prior to the ADGA
Annual Meeting. The Board of Directors will
make their determination and notify the
petitioning Breed Association of their action.
Should the ruling favor the request, a timetable
for beginning registration of the accepted breed
will be provided. Should the ruling be against
acceptance of the new breed, a response will be
generated to explain that position.
M. RULES GOVERNING THE REGISTRATION OR
RECORDATION OF THE PROGENY OF
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
1. A buck collection form containing the buck’s
registered name, number, and tattoos must be filed
with ADGA for all bucks collected January 1, 1991,
or later.
2. The buck collection form must be filed with ADGA at
no cost. The form may be filed by the processor, the
owner, or agent. It is the owner’s responsibility to
ensure that the collection form has been submitted to
ADGA. The buck’s tattoo must be read and recorded
at the time of collection and signed by the processor
and the owner/agent. It is suggested although not
required, that the buck collection form contain the
processor’s code for the buck’s collection.
3. Offspring resulting from the use of such semen will
not be registered if the buck collection form does not
contain the criteria specified above.
4. Artificial Insemination progeny from bucks with a
registration number lower than 0644000 (registered
approximately 7/1/85) can be registered as long as the
full name and registration number are on the semen
straw or ampule. The date of collection is not needed.
5. If a buck collection form has not been filed with the
ADGA office, the collection information as described
above can be provided directly from the processor to
the ADGA office. This information can be provided
as the individual information or as a listing of
collections. The release of this information to ADGA
should be arranged between the individual needing the
information and the processor. This information must
include the ADGA registration ID, the name of the
buck, the date of collection and the number of units.
The information must be accompanied by a signed
statement from the processor certifying the collection
data.
6. If a collection has no form on file with ADGA, the
member may (at their expense) have a DNA
comparison made for the semen in question with the
actual sire, previous collection already on file with the
59
ADGA office, or ADGA/AGS/CGS registered
progeny (requirements for composite DNA typing of
this type to be determined by the laboratory) to have
the collection in question to be considered valid, and
allow offspring to be registered.
7. Once a buck collection form is filed with the ADGA,
the information that there is a collection on file for
that buck may be provided at ADGA’s discretion.
Information as to the number of units or the date of
collection is confidential. AGS buck collection forms
(or copies) may be submitted to ADGA and will be
accepted in lieu of an ADGA buck collection form,
provided the required information as described above
has been supplied.
8. The vial, straw, or other container carrying the semen
must be accurately labeled (with permanent ink) with
the following information:
a. The name and registration number of the buck at
the time of the collection.
b. The date of the semen collection.
c. The name or National Association of Animal
Breeder’s assigned NAAB code number of the
business or organization collecting and freezing
the semen.
d. Optional information may include the
processor’s code number, tattoo, date of birth,
etc.
e. Color code for breeding units (recommended):
Purple—Alpine Orange—Oberhasli
Yellow—LaMancha Blue—Saanen
White—Nigerian Dwarf Grey—Sable
Red—Nubian Green—Toggenburg
9. At the time of application for registration/ recordation,
the owner of the doe will send a Record of Artificial
Insemination form with the Application for
Registration/Recordation. This form must provide:
a. The buck’s name and registration number
b. The doe’s name, registration number and tattoo
except in the case of unregistered animals unique
ID (i.e. Tattoo or EID) must be provided.
c. The processor’s name
d. The date processed
e. The owner’s name and ADGA membership ID
number
f. The inseminator’s name, signature and
membership ID number (if an ADGA member).
All other information requested on the form is
optional.
10. The Record of Artificial Insemination form will serve
as a service memo for progeny resulting from artificial
insemination.
11. The following conditions exist for registration or
recordation of progeny from AI:
a. Semen collected between January 1, 1991 and
October 23, 2001 must be identified with a
collection date and this must be included on the
AI memo. The buck must have had at least one
buck collection report filed with the ADGA
office, within the stated time period of January 1,
1991 to October 23, 2001.
b. Semen collected from October 24, 2001 to present
can be used to register kids only if the exact date
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on the straw is on the buck collection report filed
with the ADGA office.
c. In order for a Buck Collection Report to be
authorized as valid for purposes of progeny
registration, a DNA type must be on file for the
sire(s) collected on or after June 1, 2016. Upon
receiving collection reports, ADGA will verify
that a DNA type has been recorded for each buck
listed. ADGA shall contact the registered owner
of buck(s) listed on the Buck Collection Report
who do not have DNA typing on file, state the
policy effective date (June 1, 2016) and provide
information for the purchase of the DNA typing
service for hair or semen at that time. Owners
shall submit either hair or semen from the current
collection for DNA typing. Once the DNA type
report has been received by ADGA, the collection
for that buck will then be recorded as valid for
registration of progeny via artificial insemination.
Semen collected prior to June 1, 2016 will not be
subject to DNA Typing requirements. It is the
sole responsibility of the registered owner of the
buck at the time of collection to ensure that DNA
typing is performed in order to register offspring
resulting from artificial insemination using this
and subsequent collections.
d. If the collection date is missing on a Record of
Artificial Insemination on a buck whose
registration number is greater than 0819600, or if
the processor name is missing (on any Record of
Artificial Insemination memo regardless of the
registration number of the buck), the registration
application will be reviewed by the Association
Manager, the Executive committee, and the
Reproductive Technology Committee Chair.
Offspring would be registered only after
deliberation and approval by this process.
12. If the semen is imported from bucks who are properly
registered by the registration association of the
country from which it is being imported and said buck
is physically located outside the western hemisphere,
and the resulting offspring are to be registered by
ADGA, the importer must meet the following
requirements:
a. Declare the semen at the point of entry along
with a certified copy of the registration of each
buck (semen donor) from the official association
of the country of original importation along with
a copy of the official semen collection document
and the USDA import permit.
b. Only purebred bucks are eligible as imported
semen donors. If said buck(s) are from a country
other than the breed’s country of origin, an ad
hoc committee must be formed to review the
authenticity of purebred status.
c. The buck semen donor(s) must meet the ADGA
standard for the breed. The breed standard(s) for
the country of origin under which the buck is
registered must meet the breed standard(s) of
ADGA.
d. The importer will provide to ADGA:
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(1) A notarized copy of all importation
documents.
(2) A notarized copy of each buck’s certified
copy of registration.
(3) An individual ADGA AI collection form
for each donor buck imported.
(4) A $60 fee for DNA typing and recordation
of importation, which involved
establishment of a hard copy file using the
original registration, including registered
name, registration number and the country
of origin.
(5) One complete, and not tampered with, unit
semen (ampule, .25cc or .5cc semen straw)
from each donor buck for DNA typing,
which must be sent immediately upon
receipt of the ADGA DNA paperwork by
the importer to the current lab ADGA is
using in their DNA typing program. DNA
testing information will be maintained in
the donor’s file in the ADGA office.
e. Registration of offspring of imported semen
donor bucks would require:
(1) An ADGA registration number will be
assigned to each buck whose semen is
imported.
(2) An ADGA AI service memo using the
donor buck’s original registration number,
which would be obtained from the used
semen straw.
(3) An ADGA registration and recordation
form and appropriate fees.
(4) ADGA registration papers will list sire as
imported semen. Sire identification would
include donor’s name, registration number
and country of origin. For example: “Sento
1142 AE (Swiss)”.
13. Semen from bucks who subsequently change herd
books after having been collected will remain a valid
collection as the original breed, as long as other
criteria for collection are met (rule VIII.L.8.). Future
semen collections of bucks that have changed herd
books will be recorded under the breed at the time of
collection, as identified by their newly assigned
registration identification number.
N. RULES GOVERNING THE REGISTRATION OF
PROGENY RESULTING FROM EMBRYO
TRANSFERS
All offspring produced through embryo transfer shall have
parentage verified by DNA typing prior to registration.
Submit your request to ADGA with the appropriate fee for
the dam, sire, and offspring.
1. Embryo Recovery Form, the transfer premise must
maintain the following information and provide the
same upon request to the Association:
a. Date donor doe arrived at the premise.
b. Record of breeding.
(1) Name, registration number, and tattoo of
donor.
(2) Date of breeding.
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(3) Identification of sire including complete
name and registration number. If the sire is
not owned by the breeder, a service memo
is required.
(4) If artificial, name and signature of
inseminator.
c. Record of embryo removal.
(1) Date of removal.
(2) Number removed.
(3) Name of individual performing operation.
2. The embryo recovery form containing the above
information must be filed with ADGA for all embryo
collections used for subsequent registry of offspring.
3. The embryo recovery form must be filed with ADGA
at no cost. The form may be filed by the processor, the
owner, or agent. It is the owner’s responsibility to
ensure that the recovery form has been submitted to
ADGA.
4. Offspring resulting from the use of this technology
will not be registered if the form does not contain the
criteria specified above.
5. If an embryo recovery form has not been filed with the
ADGA office, the recovery information as described
above can be provided directly from the processor to
the ADGA office. The information must be
accompanied by a signed statement from the processor
certifying the recovery data.
6. Once an embryo recovery form is filed with the
ADGA, the information that there is a recovery on file
may be provided at ADGA’s discretion. Information is
confidential other than a recovery is on record.
7. Embryo Transfer Form – The transfer facility must
maintain the following information and provide the
same upon request to the Association.
a. Record of embryo transfer.
(1) Date of transfer.
(2) Permanent identification of recipient
animals including tattoo and/or ear tag
number.
(3) Number of recipient animals used.
(4) Name of individual performing operation.
b. Record of Recipient.
(1) Date recipient left transfer premise.
(2) Name and address of individual to where
the recipient was moved.
(3) Owner of host dam at time of leaving
premise.
c. Record of birth date of progeny if kidded at
premise.
(1) Sex of kids.
(2) Permanent identification of kids.
8. At the time of the application for registration or
recordation, the owner of the donor doe will send an
embryo transfer form with the application for
registration unless one has been previously filed at the
time of the embryo collection. Refer to Appendix,
Embryo Transfer, for additional policies.
9. The embryo transfer form must contain the specified
criteria.
10. The record of Embryo Transfer form will serve as a
service memo for progeny resulting from the embryo
transfer process.
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O. RULES GOVERNING THE REGISTRATION OF
INDIVIDUALS RESULTING FROM CLONING –
INTERIM POLICY for 2020
1. All cloned individuals that are submitted for
registration or recordation must have DNA typing
completed prior to registration that matches DNA of
source animal.
2. Cloned individuals will be registered as offspring of
the original sire and dam that produced the source
animal.
3. Individual presenting clone(s) for registration or
recordation shall be listed as producer on registration
certificate. The producer field will only be present on
registration certificates of cloned animals.
4. Breeder field for all cloned animals shall list an
administrative account "Clone" with corresponding
administrative membership number.
5. All cloned animals will be registered or recorded with
the herd name "Clone" followed by production
number and source animal registration number.
6. Clone(s) shall have independent registration numbers.
7. Registration department shall add a code to cloned
individuals registration papers indicating that they
have been produced by cloning (CL), similar to
individuals produced by Artificial Insemination (AI)
or Embryo Transfer (ET).
8. Individual presenting clone(s) for registration or
recordation must provide ADGA with documentation
regarding when genetic material from source animal
was collected, lab where embryos were produced and
record of transfer of cloned embryos.
9. Any owner, during the time of their ownership, of a
source animal may collect genetic material for
development of a cell line to be used for the
production of clones.
10. Applications submitted for registration or recordation
of clones by individuals other than an owner of source
animal will be accepted by ADGA, so long as a bill of
sale or transfer of ownership of the cell line is
presented at time of application for registration, along
with all information included in 8 above.
11. ADGA recommends that sellers disclose to buyers if
they are selling an individual where genetic material
has been retained for the purpose of cloning or if they
are selling clones, descendants from clones, or semen
from cloned individuals.
12. Any cloned animal presented for registration or
recordation that does not meet the breed standard of
source animal shall be subject to the Rules for Entry
Into Experimental Registry (rule VII.A.14.G) and any
animal later developing disqualifying characteristics
would be subject to Rules For Changing Herd Books
(rule VII.A.14.I).
13. Only clones produced by replication of genetic
material will be accepted for registration. Genetically
altered or modified animals will not be considered for
registration or recordation.
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14. All questions received by the ADGA office regarding
registry policy and procedures for cloned animals
shall be directed to the Performance Programs
Manager.
IX. RULES FOR OFFICIAL TESTING
The American Dairy Goat Association (ADGA) participates in a
program of Dairy Herd Improvement.
ADGA maintains production records in two separate volumes,
Advanced Registry (AR) and Star (ST) Volumes. AR records are
total lactation performance records for animals enrolled in Dairy
Herd Improvement Registry (DHIR) record plans. ST records are
of stars earned at Official ADGA One-Day tests, or through the
Owner Sampler Test Plan, and stars earned on the basis of
pedigree or progeny.
A. GENERAL ADGA TESTING RULES
1. Electronically calculated Dairy Herd Improvement
records of all registered purebred and American and
recorded grade goats in the herd or the herds of the
applicant will be accepted for use by ADGA upon
receipt of an application on ADGA Form DHIR No. 1,
for the acceptance of DHI records, (which is the basis
for DHIR), and payment of the required fees set forth
on the application. They will be subject to the
following requirements, in addition to those currently
set forth or which may from time to time be set forth,
for the National Dairy Herd Improvement Association
(NDHIA) Code of Ethics & Uniform Data Collection
Procedures and/or other approved procedures for dairy
goats. These records will be designated as “Dairy
Herd Improvement Registry” (DHIR) records.
2. All ADGA members on test will be sent the Uniform
Operating Procedures and/or other approved
procedures for dairy goats annually.
3. Each owner shall make arrangements directly with
ADGA Performance Programs and a DHI
Association. Current ADGA membership must be
maintained to participate in the ADGA DHIR
Program.
4. The DHIR production testing program shall be
conducted under the joint efforts of appropriate DHI
organizations in cooperation with the American Dairy
Goat Association.
5. Only Field Service Units, Laboratories, Meter
Centers, and Dairy Records Processing Centers
approved by a certifying agency contracted with by
the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding or ADGA can
be used by participating herds in ADGA’s DHIR
programs and One-Day Milking Competitions.
6. All scales used in the weighing of milk must be
checked with standards traceable to the National
Bureau of Standards. The DHI Association manager
or a designated representative must approve this item.
7. All other equipment such as dippers and bottles must
be approved by the DHI Association.
8. The ADGA Performance Programs Manager shall be
responsible for keeping the DHI service affiliates and
Dairy Record Processing Centers (DRPC) informed
on requirements and rules of the Association. The
65
Performance Programs Manager for the American
Dairy Goat Association reserves the right to accept or
reject any records reported by a DHI Association or
DRPC on the behalf of ADGA. ADGA assumes full
responsibility for initiating any and all disciplinary
action concerned with records in progress or already
accepted and approved by the American Dairy Goat
Association.
9. Uniform production data and other data pertinent to
the production record is provided to the American
Dairy Goat Association from the National Database
based on reports provided from the DRPC’s on all
registered or recorded grade dairy goats in herds
enrolled in the DHIR program. Reports include any
and all production for a lactation of up to 305 days in
length; reports of such lactation records are forwarded
to the American Dairy Goat Association at regular
intervals. Another report includes all production from
date of freshening or date of entering the herd to dry
date or to date of disposal; reports of such records are
forwarded at regular intervals. It is not necessary for
the monthly test data to be forwarded to ADGA by the
herd owner.
10. The American Dairy Goat Association will assess an
annual fee as indicated on its application for entry on
the DHIR testing program. A dairy goat herd is
defined as one or more does. All does enrolled in
National DHIA record plans must be members of, and
routinely reside on the premises of, the herd enrolled
in the record plan.
a. On farms with two or more distinct breeds, either a
composite herd average or separate herd averages
may be calculated and reported or,
b. On farms with two or more distinct breeds, it is
acceptable to enroll one breed on test and not the
other(s).
11. At no time during the test shall any condiments,
conditioning powders, tonics, or drugs be given to a
doe for the purpose of influencing her production.
Nothing in this rule, however, shall prevent proper
medical attention, either by a veterinarian, owner, or
person in charge, when a doe is sick.
12. Any practice in the feeding, care, or management of
does on test that is intended to cause, or does cause, an
abnormal yield of milk or butterfat at the time of test
supervision is a violation of ADGA rules and the
National Dairy Herd Improvement Association
(NDHIA) Code of Ethics & Uniform Data Collection
Procedures. Any violation of the rules shall cause the
rejection, or the expunging and canceling of the
record. The person violating them will automatically
be excluded from the use of and denied all privileges
of ADGA DHIR Testing. (See Bylaws, Article I,
Section J.)
13. No DHI Supervisor (tester) shall test any animal for
ADGA DHIR that:
a. Is owned partially or entirely by the Supervisor.
b. Is owned partially or entirely by any member of the
Supervisor’s immediate family, which includes
children, grandchildren, parents, grandparents,
siblings, or spouse.
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c. Is owned partially or entirely by the Supervisor’s
employer or employee. For the purposes of this
section, “employer” shall mean any person for
whom the Supervisor is rendering services for
recompense, since the last test day, or is under
contract to provide such services, whether on a fee
or salary basis, except as specifically directed by
the Association, since the last test day.
d. In which the Supervisor has any pecuniary interest.
e. Over which the Supervisor has any supervision,
except that occurring as a responsibility of a DHI
Testing Supervisor.
14. There will be no reciprocal testing between herds
except as required by herds on group test, which by
their normal rotation must occasionally use a
reciprocal test.
15. Should the ADGA Performance Programs Manager
question the validity of a test, the facts and evidence
shall be submitted to the Board of Directors for final
action thereon.
16. Completed lactation records on lactations beginning
after October 1, 2009 with five (5) or fewer tests, and
having an interval from last test to termination of
lactation greater than or equal to forty-five (45) days,
will be reviewed by the Performance Programs
Manager prior to acceptance into the ADGA database.
17. Daily milk records are not required to be kept by the
owner. All data shall be determined by the official
monthly test. The herd test report blanks, as supplied
by the DRPC, are to be used in reporting DHIR tests.
18. Individual Certificates of Production will be issued for
qualifying animals if the application is made for the
animal in question and is accompanied by the proper
fee. The certificate of registry for an animal qualifying
for a production certificate under the DHIR program
will be revised free of charge if sent in with the
application. (This additional free service can be
rendered only under the DHIR program, and under no
circumstance will it include more than the addition of
the designation for the latest tests.) Individual
production certificates will be issued for extended
lactations on the basis of DHIR testing under the same
conditions that the 305-day lactation certificates are
issued.
19. Certificates of Production in the Advanced Register
shall be issued to standard and small breed does that
have qualified at the end of 305 consecutive days of
testing or less. For purposes of DHIR, standard breeds
are defined as registered and recorded Alpine,
Guernsey, LaMancha, Nubian, Oberhasli, Saanen,
Sable, Toggenburg and Experimental. Miniature
breed(s) is defined as registered Nigerian Dwarf.
Records beginning 90 days or more after freshening
will be accepted for the ADGA awards program when
the individual goat record is sent to the ADGA office
by the herd owner or from the National Database.
Additionally, these animals will be considered for
breed leader status, should they qualify and meet
verification protocol. The minimum requirements
governing the issuance of certificates for the first 305
consecutive days are:
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a. All production records shall be classified according
to the age of the doe at the date of freshening. If a
standard breed doe kids on the day she is two years
of age or previous to that day, she must produce in
305 consecutive days or less at least 1500 lbs. (680
kg) of milk or 52.5 lbs. (23.81 kg) of butterfat or 45
lbs. (20.41 kg) of protein. For every day the doe
exceeds two years of age at the time of kidding, up
to the time she becomes five years of age, the
requirement is increased by .2 lbs. (.09 kg) of milk
or .007 lbs. (.003 kg) butterfat or .006 lbs. (.0026
kg). After a doe reaches the age of five years, the
requirement shall not be increased. If a miniature
breed doe kids on the day she is two years of age or
previous to that day, she must produce in 305
consecutive days or less at least 600 lbs. (272 kg)
of milk or 21 lbs. (9.53 kg) of butterfat or 18 lbs.
(8.16 kg) protein. For every day the doe exceeds
two years of age at the time of kidding, up to the
time she becomes five years of age, the requirement
is increased by .08 lbs. (.036 kg) of milk or .0028
lbs. (.001 kg) butterfat or .0024 lbs. (.001 kg)
protein.
b. No doe that meets the requirements for milk
production shall be refused a Certificate of
Production because of low butterfat content; and,
conversely, no doe that meets the requirement for
butterfat production shall be refused a Certificate of
Production, whatever the amount of milk produced.
c. The full production of milk and butterfat, together
with the actual number of days, breed, and
registration number, shall be stated upon the
Certificate when issued.
20. Application must be made to ADGA to obtain Star
Volume (ST) recognition on individual does enrolled
in an Owner Sampler test type plan 40 meeting the
required minimums as described above in 19a.
Application must include a copy of the doe’s lactation
report documenting the completed record on the ST
qualifying lactation. This is not necessary for records
qualifying under Test Type Plan 40-Owner-Sampler
(AR).
21. Youth with standard breed does on test producing
3000 lb. Milk or 100 lb. Butterfat or 90 lb. Protein in
305 days or less or miniature breed does producing
1200 lb. Milk or 42 lb. Butterfat or 36 lb. Protein, in
305 days or less may apply for recognition on the
Youth Production Testing Doe Honor Roll. ADGA
Youth Members or Individual Members under the age
of 21 years are eligible to apply. Qualifying does must
be individually owned by the youth making
application. Member herds participating in any test
plan accepted by ADGA will be eligible to participate;
test plan type will be noted on the published list.
Verification testing of recognized does is not required,
but verification status will be noted on the published
list. ADGA registered or recorded does of any breed
producing at least 3000 pounds of milk or 100 pounds
of butterfat or 90 pounds of protein or ADGA
registered miniature breed does producing at least
1200 lb. milk or 42 lb. butterfat or 36 lb. protein are
eligible for this recognition. The individual DHI doe
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sheet documenting the qualifying lactation must
accompany the application. Application must be made
within 6 months of completion of the qualifying
lactation. Owners will submit completed application
with attached individual doe sheet to ADGA. There is
no charge for this application. Owners of does with
qualifying lactations receive a congratulatory letter
and the lactation information appears in ADGA News
& Events. For an additional $3, a Certificate of Honor
Roll Recognition will be issued.
22. No certificates will be issued for a doe’s record in the
Advanced Register or Star Volume until the record
has been approved by the ADGA Performance
Programs Manager and until all fees and expenses for
testing have been paid. In case the owner fails to pay
his/her herd fee within sixty (60) days after the bill has
been rendered to him/her by the ADGA Performance
Programs Manager, the test surveillance shall be
discontinued and the ADGA Performance Programs
Manager shall at once notify the owner.
23. Herd owners wanting to reinstate production records
which would be unofficial due to delinquent testing
fees may do so upon written request and payment of a
late fee. Testing fees are delinquent after sixty (60)
days past renewal date. This late fee is 100% of the
regular fee, but limited to $100. This late fee must be
paid within one year from the date of application or
renewal. Herd owners who were unaware that they
should have paid DHIR fees to ADGA may obtain
recognition by submitting the proper fees, plus the late
fee, to ADGA within one year of the date of the first
test.
24. Herd owners requesting a refund of DHIR initial or
renewal enrollment fees may receive a refund of basic
herd enrollment fees, provided the request is made
within 60 days of the time the enrollment was
received by ADGA and provided that no DHI test was
conducted.
25. All persons who test under the auspices of the ADGA
shall grant to the ADGA the right to publish all
completed lactations, regardless of length, when the
record meets or exceeds minimum requirements for
earning a star based on pounds of milk and/or
components, or if the lactation is below star
requirements and the doe has other performance data
to be printed. They further grant permission for all
completed lactation records to be used at the
discretion of the ADGA and the USDA for research
purposes.
26. All lactations reported to the ADGA office by Dairy
Records Processing Centers by April 1 will be
included in the current Production Summary.
27. ADGA will recognize the top ten producing does in
each breed provided they meet minimum AR
Requirements for their size category, have the
appropriate verification test, and meet the minimum
data collection rating. These top ten producing does
shall be known as Breed Leaders. Breed Leader
records with one or more extreme test day data, as
outlined in the Standard Operating Procedures for
Dairy Goats, will carry a label with the reported
lactation information on the Breed Leader list.
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28. All does that appear as Top Ten Breed Leaders must
have had a verification test of at least three
consecutive Supervised milkings or have participated
in an ADGA Official Milking Competition during the
lactation for which they are receiving recognition. The
owner is responsible for seeing that either of these
tests is conducted. In addition, miniature breed does
must have documentation that they meet the height
requirements for their breed standard to be recognized
as a Breed Leader. An approved measuring device
must be supplied by the herd owner (Refer to
Appendix “Measuring the Nigerian Dwarf Breed”).
29. An ADGA verification test form or a DHIA approved
verification form must accompany all verification test
reports used for Breed Leader documentation of
miniature breed goats. This record will be used to
document height disqualifications in miniature breeds.
Alternatively, if the doe has had Linear Appraisal
height (stature) measured during the 305-day lactation
that the record was made, this measurement can be
used in place of the ADGA height documentation
form. A measurement taken by an ADGA Linear
Appraiser and coded miscellaneous code 82 (over
height for breed) during an official ADGA appraisal
session before or during the 305-day lactation that the
record was made, will take precedence over other
reported measurements for purposes of documenting
height disqualifications.
30. Herds having participated in ADGA DHIR with a total
of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 years will be
recognized in ADGA’s publications the year they
reach that milestone.
31. ADGA will accept milk records from the Canadian
Goat Society (CGS) and lactation records made in the
DHIR program of the American Goat Society (AGS)
and any other registries approved by ADGA on dual
registered animals after application to enroll and
acceptance in the ADGA program provided
documentation is provided that the records were made
under test conditions allowable under (and in full
compliance with) ADGA DHIR rules. This rule
change applies to lactations beginning on or after
January 1, 2006.
32. The acceptance of records for the Advanced Registry
is at the discretion of the ADGA and is not a matter of
right accorded to members or others, but is a privilege
to be granted or refused at the discretion of the ADGA
Performance Programs Manager or of the Board of
Directors of the ADGA.
33. ADGA will compile annually an Active Sire List. This
Active Sire List will include those sires that are either
alive and/or have semen available. These will be the
top 15% of each breed.
34. Beginning in 1986, ADGA will include the
information from the Sire Summary for each year in
the annual ADGA Production Summary.
35. All matters not covered by these rules as to the
making and reporting of authenticated milk and
component tests shall be under the direction and
administration of the ADGA Performance Programs
Manager.
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B. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP
TESTING PROGRAM
The ADGA offers a Group Testing Program, which permits
small herd owners to reduce testing costs and participate in
areas where state or county DHI testers (supervisors) may
be unavailable to test their herds. For purposes of this
program, the individual performing the monthly test accepts
the same responsibility as the DHIA Supervisor under the
National Dairy Herd Improvement Association (NDHIA)
Code of Ethics & Uniform Data Collection Procedures and
ADGA rules for the DHIR program.
1. A minimum of three herds must be involved in any
single group.
2. Only those people attending a training program
supervised by the DHI Association Manager shall be
permitted to participate in this program.
3. All milkings must be witnessed, weighed, and a
sample taken by a trained Member of that group who
is not an owner of the dairy goat being tested. Three
times daily milkings are permitted within a group, but
unanimous approval of such method must be obtained
from Members of the group.
4. Frequency of testing by an individual of a particular
herd shall be no more often than every third month.
Example: Person A tests in January, the same herd
may not be tested again until March.
5. Any person approved by their local association to
perform verification tests is required to follow all DHI
and DHIR rules for performing verification tests, just
as a standard tester must follow.
6. When a member of a three-member group sells his/her
goats, he/she may continue to test the remaining group
members for the remainder of the current lactations.
7. Three or more herds must be involved in any single
group. In the case of a three-member group, if a
member drops out, the remaining members must
immediately go on standard test or add another herd if
they want their records to remain official with ADGA;
or go off ADGA DHIR test.
8. All other rules and conditions of the testing programs
as outlined by the ADGA and the National Dairy Herd
Improvement Association (NDHIA) Code of Ethics &
Uniform Data Collection Procedures must be
complied with.
C. TESTING PLANS APPROVED BY ADGA
DIRECTORS
1. Standard Test—Testing Supervisor comes to a herd to
record milk weights and take component (milk)
samples both AM and PM once each month.
2. Group Test—A group of three or more people can test
each other’s herd. (Sampling and weighing occur as in
C.1.) Groups with more than three members may have
non-goat owning members as long as there is a
minimum of three herds involved. Exception: Groups
formed prior to the adoption of these standards (10/00)
and documented with ADGA may remain intact.
Every member is required to take training from a
Certified Supervisor and the group must follow rules
for Standard testing. Group members may include
non-ADGA members or ADGA members using DHI
(non-DHIR) plans provided they are identified to
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ADGA with proper training in ADGA and DHIR
procedure.
3. Plans accepted for ADGA DHIR Advanced Registry
and Star programs (Standard or Group):
a. DHIR 20 – STANDARD: Basic test plan.
Supervisor weighs and samples both milkings on
test day. Verification Test (VT) required for Top
Ten awards. A minimum individual animal Data
Collection Rating (DCR) of 93 or higher is required
for Top Ten awards.
b. ADGA ITP 00 – Every Other Month: Owner and
supervisor alternate months collecting test day data.
Owner weighs only and sends in barn sheets.
Supervisor weights and collects samples. ADGA
audits apply. Annual VT required. NOT accepted
for Top Ten awards.
c. ADGA ITP 01 – APT: Supervisor and owner share
responsibility for collecting test day weights
alternating the AM and PM weighing each month.
Supervisor also collects component samples when
weighing. A time monitor must be installed.
Annual VT required. A minimum individual animal
Data Collection Rating (DCR) of 93 or higher is
required for Top Ten awards.
d. ADGA ITP 02 – APCS: Supervisor and owner share
responsibility for collecting test day weights
alternating the AM and PM weighing each month.
Supervisor also collects component samples when
weighing. Annual VT required. A minimum
individual animal DCR of 93 or higher is required
for Top Ten awards.
e. DHIR 21 – APT: Supervisor collects one test day
weight, alternating the AM and PM weighing each
month. Supervisor also collects component samples
when weighing. DRPC will determine second
weight. A time monitor must be installed. Annual
VT required. A minimum individual animal DCR
of 93 or higher is required for Top Ten awards.
f. DHIR22 – APCS: Supervisor collects both test day
weights. Supervisor also collects component
samples alternating AM and PM samples each
month. VT and a minimum individual animal DCR
of 93 or higher is required for Top Ten awards.
g. DHIR 23 – AP: Supervisor collects one test day
weight, alternating the AM and PM weighing each
month. Supervisor also collects component samples
when weighing. DRPC will determine second
weight. Breed association may determine additional
requirements. Bulk tank comparison required. A
minimum individual animal DCR of 93 or higher is
required for Top Ten awards.
h. 40 -- OWNER SAMPLER (ST): Owner weighs and
samples all milkings on test day. VT is required at
60-150 days in milk. A minimum individual animal
DCR of 75 is required for STAR (ST) Volume
recognition. Documentation of the qualifying
lactation must be sent to ADGA by the herd owner.
i. 40 – OWNER SAMPLER (AR): Owner weighs and
samples all milkings on test day. VT is required at
60-150 days in milk. Additional requirements
include a minimum individual animal DCR of 75, a
minimum of 8 test days and a minimum of 240
72
days in milk. Records must be properly labeled
Test Type Plan = 40 and Supervision Codes as
assigned by the DRPC = 2 (OS) or 8 (VT). Herd
owners participating in this plan must have a copy
of their training documentation signed by their DHI
manager (on letterhead) filed with ADGA. Records
meeting the above requirements are eligible for
Advanced Registry (AR) recognition. The Test
Plan Code will be listed with the lactation record.
These records are NOT eligible for Top Ten Breed
Leader recognition.
4. Plans accepted for Breed Leader – Top Ten
Awards
NOTE: DCR/VT requirements for DHIR 20 start with
lactations beginning in 2002. All other plan
requirements were instated for 2001 lactations.
a. DHIR 20 – Conditions: Individual animal Data
Collection Rating (DCR) must equal 93 or higher
and a Verification Test (VT).
b. ADGA ITP 01 – Conditions: Owner must supply a
pre-milking monitor time in addition to the
monitor-supplied and supervisor time, so that a
total of 3 times are documented. Individual animal
DCR must equal 93 or higher. VT necessary. No
auditing during the year. If eligible for Top Ten,
barn sheets must be available to ADGA.
c. ADGA ITP 02 – Conditions: Owner must supply a
pre-milking weight in addition to the regular
owner-supplied weight, so that a total of 3 weights
are documented. Individual animal DCR must
equal 93 or higher. VT necessary. No auditing
during the year. If eligible for Top Ten, barn sheets
must be available to ADGA.
d. DHIR 21 – Conditions: Owner must supply a pre-
milking monitor time in addition to the DRPC-
supplied weight and supervisor times, so that a total
of 3 times are documented. Individual animal DCR
must equal 93 or higher. VT necessary. No auditing
during the year. If eligible for Top Ten, barn sheets
must be available to ADGA.
e. DHIR 22 – Conditions: VT and individual animal
DCR must equal 93 or higher.
f. DHIR 23 – Conditions: Owner must supply a bulk
tank comparison and have an average of 96 - 110%
of DRPC herd average. Individual animal DCR
must equal 93 or higher. VT necessary. No auditing
during the year. If eligible for Top Ten, barn sheets
must be available to ADGA.
D. VERIFICATION TEST RULES AND GUIDELINES
1. The DHI Association Manager shall arrange for
verification tests when requested to do so by the
ADGA Performance Programs Manager:
a. Standard Breeds: If an individual record, after 90
days, is projected on an actual basis to be at least
3000 lbs. (1361 kg) of milk and/or 105 lbs. (47.63
kg) butterfat; Miniature Breeds: If an individual
record, after 90 days, is projected on an actual basis
to be at least 1200 lbs. (545.5 kg) of milk and/or 42
lbs. (19.1 kg) butterfat;
b. Standard Breeds: On an ME (mature equivalent)
basis after 90 days to be 3500 lbs. (1588 kg) milk
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and/or 125 lbs. (56.70 kg) butterfat; Miniature
Breeds: On an ME (mature equivalent) basis after
90 days to be 1400 lbs. (636.4 kg) milk and/or 49
lbs. (22.3 kg) butterfat;
c. On an ME basis after 180 days, 4000 lbs. (1814 kg)
milk and/or 140 lbs. (63.50 kg) butterfat for
standard breeds and 1600 lbs. (727.3 kg) milk
and/or 56 lbs. (25.45 kg) butterfat for miniature
breeds;
d. If he/she has information that would lead him/her to
believe a verification test would be necessary. (The
above figures are to be included in the DRPC
programs and notification is to be given to the DHI
Association Manager and to the ADGA
Performance Programs Manager. The above check
tests are to be conducted within 60 days of
notification.)
2. Verification tests shall be conducted in accordance
with the National Dairy Herd Improvement
Association (NDHIA) Code of Ethics & Uniform Data
Collection Procedures and ADGA rules. In computing
the monthly credits for a goat or a herd, all regular and
verification tests will be used except when obvious
discrepancies exist in which the DHI Association
Coordinator shall determine which tests shall be used.
Further guidelines can be found in the ADGA
publication, Supervisor’s Guide to the ADGA
Verification Test, pub. 2003. The herd owner shall
pay the costs of the first verification test made during
the calendar year, and the American Dairy Goat
Association will pay for all other extra tests made
during that same calendar year as required above.
3. ADGA adopts the following criteria for examining
records for possible expunging:
a. A subcommittee for the Production Testing (PT)
committee will be pre-selected each year to handle
verification test (VT) review and will include the PT
chair.
b. The President and Secretary-Treasurer will be notified
when the VT review process needs to be activated.
c. Members of the VT subcommittee that have an
appearance of a conflict of interest will be removed.
d. The Performance Programs Manager will contact the
herd owner and send the VT follow-up form to obtain
information regarding the lactation(s) in question.
This may include, but is not limited to requests for
barn sheets, health records, summary sheets,
verification test forms, and doe sheets. This
information will be submitted to the PT chair.
e. The Performance Programs Manager will notify the
herd owner that the PT chair may contact the herd
owner or other DHI individuals involved in the
lactation record and herd records.
f. The PT chair will contact herd owner, testers, and
DHIA personnel for any clarifications.
g. The PT chair will forward information to the VT
subcommittee for review.
h. The VT subcommittee will generate a report to the full
PT committee for vote on recommended actions.
i. The results will be forwarded to the Executive
Committee for consideration.
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j. Dependent on Executive Committee recommendation,
the herd owner will be notified of pending actions and
asked for response.
k. The report will be given to the Board of Directors for
consideration, with recommendations for follow up
action(s).
l. The herd owner will be notified of the final report to
the Board of Directors.
4. Guidelines for ADGA herds on Innovative Test Plans
and Owner Sampler (OS). 01, 02, and 00 test plan
codes are ITPs; 40 is the test plan code accepted for
ADGA OS testing.
a. Herd owners must notify ADGA’s Performance
Programs Manager that their herd is being tested on an
ITP or OS-40. Failure to do so could result in their
herd DHIR records being declared unusable by
ADGA.
b. Herds on ITP’s or OS-40 must be Verification Tested
annually. Herds that have bulk tanks and/or timers
may use them for verification. Herd owners without a
verification test by 10/1 will be notified by 10/31.
E. DHIR REQUIREMENTS FOR ADVANCED
REGISTRY
The following chart lists the milk, butterfat and protein
requirements for a doe to be eligible for Advanced Registry.
A doe may meet these requirements on either milk, butterfat
or protein.
STANDARD BREEDS
Age at Freshening Milk Butterfat Protein
Lbs. Kg Lbs. Kg Lbs. Kg
2-00 or younger 1500 680 52.50 23.81 45.00 20.41
2-01 1506 683 52.71 23.91 45.18 20.49
2-02 1512 686 52.92 24.00 45.36 20.58
2-03 1518 689 53.13 24.10 45.54 20.66
2-04 1524 691 53.34 24.19 45.72 20.74
2-05 1530 694 53.55 24.29 45.90 20.82
2-06 1536 697 53.76 24.39 46.08 20.90
2-07 1542 699 53.97 24.48 46.26 20.98
2-08 1548 702 54.18 24.58 46.44 21.07
2-09 1554 705 54.39 24.67 46.62 21.15
2-10 1560 708 54.60 24.77 46.80 21.23
2-11 1566 710 54.81 24.86 46.98 21.31
3-00 1572 713 55.02 24.96 47.16 21.39
3-01 1578 716 55.23 25.05 47.34 21.47
3-02 1584 718 55.44 25.15 47.52 21.55
3-03 1590 721 55.65 25.24 47.70 21.64
3-04 1596 724 55.86 25.34 47.88 21.72
3-05 1602 727 56.07 25.43 48.06 21.80
3-06 1608 729 56.28 25.53 48.24 21.88
3-07 1614 732 56.49 25.62 48.42 21.96
3-08 1620 735 56.70 25.72 48.60 22.04
3-09 1626 738 56.91 25.81 48.78 22.13
3-10 1632 740 57.12 25.91 48.96 22.21
3-11 1638 743 57.33 26.00 49.14 22.29
4-00 1644 746 57.54 26.10 49.32 22.37
4-01 1650 748 57.75 26.20 49.50 22.45
4-02 1656 751 57.96 26.29 49.68 22.53
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4-03 1662 754 58.17 26.39 49.86 22.62
4-04 1668 757 58.38 26.48 50.04 22.70
4-05 1674 759 58.59 26.58 50.22 22.78
4-06 1680 762 58.80 26.67 50.40 22.86
4-07 1686 765 59.01 26.77 50.58 22.94
4-08 1692 767 59.22 26.86 50.76 23.02
4-09 1698 770 59.43 26.96 50.94 23.11
4-10 1704 773 59.64 27.05 51.12 23.19
4-11 1710 776 59.85 27.15 51.30 23.27
5-00 or older 1716 778 60.06 27.24 51.48 23.35
MINIATURE BREED
Age at Freshening Milk Butterfat Protein
Lbs. Kg Lbs. Kg Lbs. Kg
2-00 or younger 600 272 21.00 9.53 18.00 8.16
2-01 603 273 21.09 9.57 18.08 8.20
2-02 605 274 21.18 9.60 18.15 8.23
2-03 608 276 21.26 9.64 18.23 8.27
2-04 610 277 21.35 9.68 18.30 8.30
2-05 613 278 21.44 9.72 18.38 8.33
2-06 615 279 21.53 9.76 18.45 8.37
2-07 618 280 21.61 9.80 18.53 8.40
2-08 620 281 21.70 9.84 18.60 8.44
2-09 623 282 21.79 9.88 18.68 8.47
2-10 625 283 21.88 9.92 18.75 8.50
2-11 628 285 21.96 9.96 18.83 8.54
3-00 630 286 22.05 10.00 18.90 8.57
3-01 633 287 22.14 10.04 18.98 8.61
3-02 635 288 22.23 10.08 19.05 8.64
3-03 638 289 22.31 10.12 19.13 8.68
3-04 640 290 22.40 10.16 19.20 8.71
3-05 643 291 22.49 10.20 19.28 8.74
3-06 645 293 22.58 10.24 19.35 8.78
3-07 648 294 22.66 10.28 19.43 8.81
3-08 650 295 22.75 10.32 19.50 8.85
3-09 653 296 22.84 10.36 19.58 8.88
3-10 655 297 22.93 10.40 19.65 8.91
3-11 658 298 23.01 10.44 19.73 8.95
4-00 660 299 23.10 10.48 19.80 8.98
4-01 663 301 23.19 10.52 19.88 9.02
4-02 665 302 23.28 10.56 19.95 9.05
4-03 668 303 23.36 10.60 20.03 9.08
4-04 670 304 23.45 10.64 20.10 9.12
4-05 673 305 23.54 10.68 20.18 9.15
4-06 675 306 23.63 10.72 20.25 9.19
4-07 678 307 23.71 10.76 20.33 9.22
4-08 680 308 23.80 10.80 20.40 9.25
4-09 683 310 23.89 10.84 20.48 9.29
4-10 685 311 23.98 10.87 20.55 9.32
4-11 688 312 24.06 10.91 20.63 9.36
5-00 or older 690 313 24.15 10.95 20.70 9.39
CODE CODE VOLUME
AR29 ST29 1983 ADGA PRODUCTION SUMMARY
AR30 ST30 1983 ADGA PRODUCTION SUMMARY
AR31 ST31 1984 ADGA PRODUCTION SUMMARY
AR32 ST32 1985 ADGA PRODUCTION SUMMARY
AR33 ST33 1986 ADGA PRODUCTION SUMMARY
AR34 ST34 1987 ADGA PRODUCTION SUMMARY
AR35 ST35 1988 ADGA PRODUCTION SUMMARY
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AR36 ST36 1989 ADGA PRODUCTION SUMMARY
AR37 ST37 1990ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR38 ST38 1991 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR39 ST39 1992 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR40 ST40 1993 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR41 ST41 1994 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR42 ST42 1995 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR43 ST43 1996 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR44 ST44 1997 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR45 ST45 1998 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR46 ST46 1999 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR47 ST47 2000 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR49 ST49 2002 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR50 ST50 2003 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR51 ST51 2004 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR52 ST52 2005 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR53 ST53 2006 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR54 ST54 2007 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR55 ST55 2008 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR56 ST56 2009 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR57 ST57 2010 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR58 ST58 2011 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR59 ST59 2012 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR60 ST60 2013 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR61 ST61 2014 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR62 ST62 2015 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR63 ST63 2016 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR64 ST64 2017 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR65 ST65 2018 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR66 ST66 2019 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
AR67 ST67 2020 ADGA PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
F. RULES GOVERNING THE CONDUCT OF ADGA
OFFICIAL MILKING COMPETITIONS
1. An Official Milking Competition may be sponsored
by any state fair, county fair, local, state, or regional
goat breeders’ association, breed club, or individual,
provided the application form and $25 fee is filed with
the Secretary-Treasurer of the American Dairy Goat
Association at least thirty days prior to the
competition. Applications received less than 30 days
prior to a competition will be accepted, but a double
entry fee will be charged. This application is to be
signed by the Secretary of the Fair Board or the
superintendent in charge. If the application is
approved, the ADGA Secretary-Treasurer will issue
written permission to conduct an Official Milking
Competition and will furnish an official report form,
application blanks for issuance of Star Milker
Certificates and forms for certifications required under
Rule 3.
2. Competition must be open to any goat registered or
recorded in the American Dairy Goat Association, the
American Goat Society, or the Canadian Goat Society,
upon proof of such registration or recordation. If the
competition is held at the state or county fair, the rules
governing entry to such fair must also be observed,
provided they do not in any way waive the
requirement of registration or recordation. For
purposes of ADGA Milking Competitions, standard
77
size breeds are defined as registered and recorded
Alpine, Guernsey, LaMancha, Nubian, Oberhasli,
Saanen, Sable, Toggenburg and Experimental.
Miniature size breed(s) are defined as registered
Nigerian Dwarf.
3. The owner shall certify to the superintendent in charge
and to ADGA the fact that the goats have not received
any substance, nor have been subjected to any other
non-routine management practices for the purpose of
temporarily enhancing components or increasing milk
production within the last 10 days. This certification
shall be made out and signed by the owner in the
presence of the superintendent at the time the animal
is brought into the barn. The superintendent shall
forward this certification to ADGA with the
completed milking competition report form.
4. Goats entered in a One-Day Test shall be on the
testing premises the evening before. They shall be
milked dry 24 hours before the hour set for the final
milking in the test. The superintendent in charge, or
his/her representative, shall check each doe to verify
compliance with the preliminary milkout requirement.
The superintendent, or his/her representative, may
require any doe to be stripped dry at that time to
comply with the requirement. Refusal by the owner
(or caretaker) will eliminate the doe from participation
in the test.
At the time of this preliminary milking, the
superintendent in charge will be responsible for
checking the tattoos of every doe to verify that they
correspond exactly to the tattoos listed on her
registration/recordation certificate. Those that are
illegible or incorrect cannot receive any *M award.
The superintendent in charge, or their representative,
or the test supervisor shall measure miniature breed
does. The herd owner must supply an approved
measuring device. (Refer to Appendix “Measuring the
Nigerian Dwarf Breed). Those that are measured over
height or do not have documentation of measurement
cannot receive any *M award.
5. There shall be no more than three milkings per day for
the competition. Milk must be weighed on a DHI
approved scale, recording in pounds and tenths of
pounds. Weighing and sampling must be done by an
approved DHI testing supervisor. Standard DHI
sampling and weighing techniques must be used. The
supervisor will record the milk weights on the
standard form furnished by ADGA. Component
results will be supplied by the DHI certified
laboratory. The report form must be signed by the
DHI Association Manager. The official milking out
and taking of samples may not be done in private, but
must be done in public view. Further guidelines can be
found in the ADGA publication, Supervisor’s &
Superintendent’s Guide to the ADGA One-Day
Milking Competition, pub. 2003. Points shall be
given for quantity of milk, for period of time since last
kidding, and for butterfat as follows:
a. For each pound of milk, one point figured to 1
decimal place.
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b. For each complete ten days the goat has been in
milk since last kidding one-tenth (.1) of a point,
with a maximum of 3.6 points for standard
breeds and .04 of a point with a maximum of
1.44 points for miniature breeds.
c. For each .05 pounds (.023 kg) of butterfat
yielded in the milkings, one point.
d. Any ADGA registered or recorded standard
breed goat that receives 18 or more points and
beginning with competitions in 2005, any
ADGA registered miniature breed goat that
receives 7 or more points will be awarded an
automatic *M designation without application or
fee.
6. If a Star Certificate is desired, the owner shall
complete the necessary part of the application for this
certificate and mail with the correct fee to the
American Dairy Goat Association.
G. RULES GOVERNING ADGA PRODUCTION
RECOGNITION
1. GENERAL RULES
a. ADGA recognizes production on pedigrees
through designation of *M for does, and *B and
+B for bucks based on meeting minimum criteria
either through Advanced Registry (AR) based on
DHIR, or the Star program (ST) based on Owner
Sampler production testing. One-day
competitions, progeny recognition, or
acknowledgment of approved non-ADGA DHI
programs. The program designation (AR or ST)
is included with the *M on the pedigree.
b. The number of Stars shall indicate the number of
consecutive generations of females in the
immediate background that have qualified. For
example: 1*M indicates that the doe has
qualified by meeting AR or ST requirements and
that her dam has no production record; 2*M
indicates a qualified tested doe with a 1*M dam;
3*M indicates a qualified doe with a 2*M dam
and a 1*M grandam, etc.
c. The Certificate of Registry for may be revised to
show Star and/or Plus designations obtained
(either automatically or by application) by
sending the certificate to the ADGA office
together with the revision fee. Any additions or
revisions to registration papers must be
accompanied by the correct fee (see Schedule of
Rates.)
d. An ADGA-registered or recorded doe may be
issued a Star Milker Certificate upon proper
application and payment of fee (see Schedule of
Rates) provided she has met minimum
production requirements for AR or ST under
ADGA rules. Certificates are not issued for does
issued *M on the basis of progeny or on bucks.
2. ADVANCED REGISTRY VOLUME
a. An automatic *M designation is granted to any
ADGA registered doe that has qualified for
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Advanced Registry on the basis of milk,
butterfat or protein without application or fee.
b. An ADGA registered buck shall be entitled to an
automatic +B (AR) designation without
application or fee if:
(1) He has three Advanced Registry daughters
from three different dams. At least two of
the dams must be registered or recorded
with ADGA or;
(2) He has two Advanced Registry sons that
are Advanced Registry Sires.
c. An ADGA registered buck shall be entitled to an
automatic ++B (AR) designation without
application fee if:
(1) He has three Advanced Registry daughters
from three different dams. At least two of
the dams must be registered or recorded
with ADGA and;
(2) He has two Advanced Registry sons that
are Advanced Registry Sires.
3. STAR VOLUME DOES
a. A *M designation shall be awarded to those does
meeting minimum requirements under ADGA
rules, as follows:
(1) On the basis of meeting minimum DHIR
production requirements as defined in
Section E, including a minimum DCR of
75, an appropriate VT, and documentation
of the qualifying completed lactation
record.
(2) On the basis of earning 18 or more points
(standard breed) or 7 or more points
(miniature breed) at a recognized Milking
Competition conducted under rules
approved by the Board of Directors or
(3) On the basis of AGS Advanced Registry or
Canadian R.O.P. certificate (original of
which to be lent to ADGA office for
verification) where production meets
ADGA minimum requirements in 305 days
or less. (British Goat Society records are
also accepted.)
b. An ADGA-registered or recorded doe shall be
entitled to an automatic *M designation without
application or fee (with no Star certificate
issued):
(1) On the basis of three qualifying ST Does or
Advanced Registry daughters, or
(2) On the basis of two +B sons (ST) or 2 AR
sons, or
(3) On the basis of one AR son and one +B
son (ST), or
(4) On the basis of one AR son and two AR
and/or *M daughters, or
(5) On the basis of one +B son (ST) and two
AR and/or *M daughters.
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4. STAR VOLUME BUCKS
a. An ADGA-registered buck shall be entitled to an
automatic *B designation without application or
fee if:
(1) His dam is either an Advanced Registry
doe that has qualified on both milk and
butterfat requirements, or a ST Doe, from
other methods as in G.1.a, and his sire is
an Advanced Registry Sire, a Star Buck or
a +B (ST), or
(2) His dam is either an Advanced Registry
doe that has qualified on both milk and
butterfat requirements, or a ST Doe, from
other methods as in G.1.a, and his sire's
dam is an Advanced Registry doe that has
qualified on both milk and butterfat
requirements, or a ST doe meeting the
requirements stated for the sire’s dam
listed in 1 and 2.
b. An ADGA-registered buck shall be entitled to a
+B (ST) designation without application or fee
if:
(1) He has three *M daughters from three
different dams. At least two of the dams
must be registered or recorded with
ADGA, or
(2) He has two +B sons (ST), or
(3) He has one AR son and one +B son (ST),
or
(4) He has one AR son and two AR and/or *M
daughters, or
(5) He has one +B son (ST) and two AR
and/or *M daughters.
c. An ADGA-registered buck shall be entitled to a
++B designation without application or fee by
qualifying based on different progeny in any of
the ways listed in “b” except the way in which
he earned his first plus. (++ must be earned on
the basis of both sons and daughters.)
H. GUIDELINES FOR ADVERTISING MILK RECORDS
The only production figures that should be used in
advertising are the pounds of milk and/or components
actually produced up to the date they are printed. No
projected figures or mature equivalents should be used,
either for an individual or a herd average. For example: A
previously completed lactation may be used, as well as the
pounds of milk and/or components already produced in the
current lactation.
X. LINEAR APPRAISAL
Performance programs, including Linear Appraisal are a privilege
of membership and are available as a member option. Current
ADGA membership, in good standing, must be maintained to
apply and participate. The only exceptions are special contracts
approved by the Board of Directors (e.g., foreign countries or
commercial herds).
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A. DEFINITION OF LINEAR APPRAISAL
The goal of ADGA’s linear appraisal program is to provide
the dairy goat breeder with an increased awareness of
proven sires that transmit strong traits to their offspring. The
ADGA Linear Appraisal program incorporates by reference
the Standard Operating Procedures which details the
guidelines for various aspects of animal evaluation and
quality assurance practices. The linear appraisal system
evaluates individual type traits that effect structural and
functional durability in order to take full advantage of the
potential for genetic improvement through selection. There
are four parts to the linear appraisal of an animal. The first
part involves the determination, by the linear appraiser, of
the point that describes the condition of each of the 14
primary linear traits and the one secondary trait on the 50-
point scale that represents the biological range for a
particular trait. The program does not set a certain point on a
range of points on the scale for a linear trait as “ideal,” nor
are more points, fewer points, or midpoint on the range for a
trait necessarily more desirable. The program is designed,
instead, to objectively assess the condition of a trait that a
sire passes on to his offspring. The evaluation of these traits
represents the true “linear” portion of the linear appraisal
program. It is the primary linear trait data, plus the animal’s
final score, that are used by ADGA and the National
Database to develop sire summaries.
The other three parts of a linear appraisal are
modifications of descriptive type classification features.
Although this type of information provides a descriptive
evaluation of a particular animal rather than gather data that
can be used in sire summaries, the evaluation information
will be useful to the herd owner in making management
decisions about individual animals and in promoting the
herd. The first of three parts of a linear appraisal consists of
the appraiser evaluating each animal in 8 general
structural/functional areas: head, shoulder assembly, front
legs, rear legs, feet, back, rump, and udder texture. The
appraiser will note, for each of these 8 areas, if it is poor or
fair (both of which indicate a problem to the herd owner),
acceptable, good plus, very good, or excellent as described
in section G, below. The last part of a linear appraisal is the
evaluation of the 4 (3 for a buck) major categories and the
assigning of the final score.
Dairy goat herds evaluated with the linear appraisal
system have been instrumental in developing the
information needed for the genetic evaluation of linear traits
and continue to provide the data for ongoing efforts in
determining the relationship of the program areas to
longevity and production.
B. ELIGIBILITY FOR LINEAR APPRAISAL
1. All persons who appraise under the auspices of the
ADGA shall grant to the ADGA the right to publish
the scores resulting from this program in the ADGA
Performance Volume and to use them as needed for
any research or study project.
2. The ADGA offers linear appraisal which requires that
all eligible females of one breed group, resident in a
herd regardless of ownership, must be presented for
appraisal. The exception to this all eligible females
rule is all of the daughters of one herd sire with at
82
least ten eligible daughters in the herd, not including
young stock, with all eligible daughters presented for
appraisal. This includes Purebreds, Americans, or
recorded grades of that breed. Where a determination
of “resident” must be made, the following criteria are
to be applied. Animals are to be considered resident if
they have been in the herd at least 6 months or if there
is a written, dated agreement signed by both the herd
owner and the animal owner stating that “(animal’s
name and registration or recordation number) is now
part of the (herd name), under the care and
management (herd owner), and will remain in that
herd for a period of at least 6 months.” Leasing
animals to a herd for the purpose of being appraised is
not permitted.
3. In order to be eligible for linear appraisal, an animal
must be recorded or registered with the ADGA and
bear a legible tattoo that corresponds with that
indicated on the Certificate of registration/recordation
(or photocopy thereof) or on the stamped duplicate
application. The certificate, photocopy, or duplicate
must be available to the appraiser at the time of
evaluation for verification.
4. Eligible females are those that have ever freshened or
that are being milked regularly (being milked at least
once every day ongoing). There are the following
exceptions:
a. A doe presented out of condition due to sickness,
injury or abnormal kidding may be excused by
the appraiser. Sick or injured does that should
not be transported to an appraisal site may also
be excused. In these cases, the owner must
present the appraiser with a veterinarian’s
statement on his/her letterhead, which describes
the illness and identifies each doe by tattoo,
breed and age.
b. A doe presented dry may be excused by the
appraiser.
c. Does previously evaluated after their fifth
birthday may be optioned out by the owner
under Rule H-3.
d. A doe appraised in the previous calendar year
may be excused by the owner.
e. Any doe seven (7) years old or older is not
required to be presented for appraisal.
5. If for any reason eligible females will not be available
for presentation on the day of appraisal, the owner
shall:
a. State the facts in writing and submit them to the
ADGA Performance Programs Manager, or
b. Note the reason on the appraisal report sheet on
the day of evaluation.
6. Within the breed selected for appraisal, bucks may be
appraised at the option of the owner. They must be
one year of age or older at the time of appraisal for an
official score.
7. Within the breed selected for appraisal, young stock
may be appraised at the option of the owner.
a. Doe kids must be at least four (4) months of age
and under two (2) years and have never
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freshened nor are being milked regularly.
Bucklings must be at least four (4) months of
age and under one (1) year of age.
b. Owners may choose to have as many, or as few,
young stock of any breed appraised that they
desire. A combination of adult and young stock
will qualify for the minimum stop fee of $250.
c. Young stock must be registered or recorded with
ADGA and bear a legible tattoo that corresponds
with the certificate of registration/recordation (or
photocopy thereof) or stamped duplicate
application. The appraiser will read the tattoos.
d. Young stock data will not be published in any
form but will be used in a data base for future
research projects to compare young stock and
adult scores.
C. APPLICATION FOR LINEAR APPRAISAL
1. Applications for appraisal must be provided by
ADGA. They must be completed by the owner or
his/her agent and submitted to ADGA along with the
appropriate fee as specified on the application (see D
below).
2. If a concern regarding a safety risk (defined as one
involving biosecurity, location hazard, or due to
personal interaction) has been documented by an
appraiser, an application may be refused until the
documented issues have been appropriately resolved
as determined by the Performance Programs Manager
and Executive Committee. Members will be notified if
such documentation has been received.
3. A single application may cover more than one breed
group within the herd.
4. A single application may cover more than one
membership within a herd.
5. An estimate of young stock numbers MUST be
indicated on the application by the member.
D. COSTS OF APPRAISAL
1. There will be a nonrefundable application fee,
separate from the animal fees of:
a. $45 for members signing up by January 31
(postmark/fax/email).
b. $75 for members signing up after January 31
(postmark/fax/email) if it can be accommodated
into the scheduling.
c. Members signing up for both Linear and DHIR
within the same year will receive a $5 discount,
if application is made by January 31.
d. A late charge of $15 will be applied for those not
meeting the deadline for the request for return
information (this date is set at 9 weeks prior to
the start of the session).
e. Youth: A special circumstance is applied for
youth members who request to transport and
have permission of the host. This application
will be $25 and requires approval from the office
to ensure that the additional animals can be
accommodated. This application can be made
up to 2 weeks prior to the start of the session.
2. A minimum stop fee of $350 includes appraisal of up
to 25 animals as set forth herein at subsection (D)(5).
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For each additional animal an additional fee shall
apply, which is $9.50 for each additional animal 26 to
50; and $6.50 for each additional animal over 50.
There will be no additional charges on substitutions
for animals which were paid for, but are no longer in
the herd on the day of appraisal. Members willing to
transport their animals to a central site will be allowed
to combine the total number of animals appraised at
that site as though they were one herd and pay animal
fees on that basis.
3. Refresher and Training Session hosts shall be offered
appraisal at fifty percent off animal fees in the year of
hosting or the year following the hosted session.
4. The ADGA Linear Appraisal policy does not allow for
the stopping of a session by a herd owner once the
session has begun. A herd owner who refuses to
continue to present animals for appraisal must pay for
all animals on the appraisal list. All scores assigned by
the appraiser during the partial session are considered
official and will be published.
5. A breeder, or group of breeders, may request a special
appraisal session any time of the year for a specific
date(s) from ADGA. No application deadlines apply,
but the request must be received a minimum of three
weeks prior to the requested date(s). The application
fee of $100 will be required for sessions held May
through September, and $75 for those held October
through April, plus all appraisal costs associated with
the appraisal exceeding those covered by the per
animal charges covered in Rule D-2. The application
and fee will be returned if the request cannot be
accommodated.
6. The minimum stop fee for a linear appraisal session is
$350 in any combination of animal fees, excluding
application fees. Herd owners with fewer head of
animals needed to make up this minimum stop fee
may choose to pay that fee and request a stop; and the
herd may be considered but not guaranteed a stop, as
such determination will be based on the number of
herds requesting appraisal, the travel route and
scheduling. This shall be solely at the discretion of the
ADGA Performance Programs Manager.
7. A $30 per hour overtime charge for excessive
scheduling delays when the animals are presented to
the appraiser at a rate of less than 8 per hour, and the
delay could have been avoided (inefficient
presentation); and this surcharge may be imposed
upon the recommendation of the appraiser, subject to
review by the Performance Programs Manager.
8. The ADGA linear appraisal policy does not allow for
any refunds due to the applicant withdrawing his/her
request for linear appraisal after the animal lists have
been sent into the ADGA office except for extenuating
circumstances, such as the sale of the herd prior to
appraisal or the existence of a disease situation in the
herd, documented by a veterinarian on his/her
letterhead, that will be a problem at the time of
appraisal. All requests for a refund, with supporting
documentation, are to be sent to the ADGA
Performance Programs Manager, ADGA office. The
initial linear appraisal application fee is nonrefundable
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in any case. The ADGA Performance Programs
Manager will forward the request to the Linear
Appraisal committee. The Linear Appraisal
committee, by majority vote, will determine if there
were extenuating circumstances and if a refund on
animal fees should be given.
E. SCHEDULING OF LINEAR APPRAISAL
1. To assist in keeping the appraisal costs at a minimum
and to conserve the time of the appraiser, ADGA
reserves the right to set the date of appraisal and the
ADGA Performance Programs Manager shall make
these decisions. Whenever possible the ADGA
Performance Programs Manager will not schedule the
same appraiser in the same geographic location
successively and will rotate assignment areas
seasonally.
2. Every effort will be made to provide home service to
the appraisal applicant for herds exceeding 15
animals. However, herds or combinations of herds not
reaching the minimum number of 22 animals will be
charged for that number. Owners may be required to
transport their animals, depending upon their
proximity, to other herds in the session.
3. Animal currently owned lists must be returned by the
stated due date, either by mail or electronically. A
letter or email will be generated as a reminder one
week prior to the stated due date. If the animal
currently owned list is not received by the due date,
the herd will be dropped from the schedule. A
reinstatement fee of $30 will apply if a member
wishes to be reinstated once this deadline has passed
and it is possible to accommodate the request.
4. Every effort will be made to provide six (6) weeks
notice prior to the appraisal date.
5. In the event ADGA cannot schedule the member in
the year of the application, the application fee will be
carried forward to the next year that appraisal is
offered in the member’s area or the member’s account
will be credited.
F. APPRAISER RESTRICTIONS
No appraiser shall evaluate any animal that:
1. Is owned partially or entirely by the appraiser.
2. Is owned partially or entirely by any member of the
appraiser’s immediate family, which includes
children, grandchildren, parents, grandparents,
siblings or spouse.
3. Is owned partially or entirely by the appraiser’s
employer or employee.
4. In which the appraiser has any pecuniary interest.
5. Over which the appraiser has any supervision.
G. LINEAR APPRAISAL SCORING
Animals will be given category designations for General
Appearance, Dairy Strength, Body Capacity and Mammary
System (not in bucks) and a numerical Final Score. Adult
animals can be scored Excellent (E) with young stock being
designated Extremely Correct (EC) for similar quality. Final
Scores in the Poor category will receive only the “P”
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designation. The following standards apply to both the Final
Score and the Category designations:
1. EXCELLENT — 90 points or more
2. VERY GOOD — 85 to 89 points
3. GOOD PLUS — 80 to 84 points
4. GOOD — 70 to 79 points
5. FAIR — 60 to 69 points
6. POOR — 59 points or lower
H. REAPPRAISAL
1. No animal will be eligible for reappraisal within 90
days.
2. If an animal is presented for reappraisal within 90
days of the date of previous evaluation, the second
score will be deleted from the official record and the
owner of said animal is to be billed the sum of $10
through the ADGA office.
3. Animals appraised after their fifth birthday have
achieved a Permanent Score and need not be
reappraised. However, at the option of the owner, they
may be reevaluated. The new final Score and
breakdown will replace the previous score only if the
new Final Score is higher than the previous Final
Score. Owners may petition ADGA to have a
permanent score updated for animals receiving the
same score, but at an older age. Standard revision fees
apply. A Certificate of Excellence will be made
available on any animal that has earned a permanent
final score of 90 or greater upon request and payment
of the appropriate fee.
4. Animals that do not have a Permanent Score must be
presented for reappraisal and that score will replace
their previous score.
5. A Permanent Score for a doe must be achieved while
in milk.
I. LINEAR APPRAISAL ADVERTISING
1. Owners must use the most recent score in advertising,
unless there was a previous score done at over five
years of age.
2. The age of the animal when appraised should be
published along with the score information.
3. The score information should contain the overall score
and the four (4) category designations in the format
normally used.
4. Does listed as dry should be listed as dry in the
advertising.
5. The name of the appraiser will not be mentioned in the
linear appraisal score advertising.
6. Videos taken during the Linear Appraisal Session and
individual animal pictures taken with the Appraiser
are for personal use only and may not be used in
advertising or web (site) posting.
J. COMPLAINTS
Any infractions or violations of the ADGA Performance
Programs rules shall be referred to the Performance
Programs Manager, who will refer it to the Linear Appraisal
Committee for action, as required.
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K. ENFORCEMENT
1. Scores of animals presented and appraised in violation
of established linear appraisal rules may be deleted at
the discretion of the Linear Appraisal Committee.
2. If an animal is found to have been appraised within
another herd without proper application on file, the
score may be deleted from the official records at the
discretion of the Linear Appraisal Committee. The
owner of said animal will be billed the sum of $30
through the ADGA office and the applying herd will
be billed the sum of $10 through the ADGA office.
3. If an animal is improperly identified at the time of
appraisal, this is a violation of the Rules of Linear
Appraisal. The scores must be deleted from the
official records and the fee forfeited.
L. GUIDELINES FOR THE APPRAISER
1. Appraisers should not evaluate animals that were
judged by them within a two-week period prior to and
after the appraiser session, except at the discretion of
the Performance Programs Manager in cases where no
other appraiser is available.
2. No test reports, former scores, records or photos
should be used by the appraiser in scoring.
3. Tattoos are to be read before scoring.
4. Tattoos must meet all of the requirements of the
ADGA animal identification/tattoo policy.
5. Owners should understand that they will be charged
for any animal presented with an illegible or incorrect
tattoo, but the animal cannot be scored.
6. There will be no charge for animals marked “Not in
Condition.”
7. If the appraiser notes more animals of the breed group
being evaluated that are on the premises and are not
being presented the appraiser will:
a. Explain the rule and ask to evaluate the animals.
b. If the owner cannot explain the situation
adequately and/or refuses to present the animals,
the incident is to be reported to the ADGA
Performance Programs Manager for further
investigation.
c. The ADGA Performance Programs Manager
will report any infractions to the Committee for
action.
8. Appraisers can stop an appraisal session under
situations where their personal safety is at risk.
Documentation of such instances should be promptly
submitted to the ADGA Performance Programs
Manager, ADGA office, and the Chairperson of the
Linear Appraisal Committee for action and may result
in the permanent loss of linear appraisal privileges for
a herd owner.
9. Whenever an appraisal session is not completed, the
appraiser should sign the linear appraisal worksheet
and leave a copy with the herd owner, just as they
would for a completed session.
10. Appraisers will do the recording on the Linear
Appraisal sheet themselves. If they are unable to do
so, they should have prior approval of the
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Performance Programs Manager and/or the
Committee Chairperson to use a clerk, naming a
specific person.
11. Appraisers may elect to NIC (Not in Condition) an
entire herd if the herd is in such debilitated condition
that, in their professional opinion, they are unable to
assess the animals.
M. LINEAR APPRAISAL EDUCATION
A group may request a linear appraisal workshop between
October through February for $75 plus all associated costs
for the appraiser. Please contact the ADGA office for
details. The application and fee will be returned if the
request cannot be accommodated. See the Linear Appraisal
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) online for workshop
educational curriculum.
XI. SIRE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
The American Dairy Goat Association Sire Development
Program (ADGA-SDP) will identify potential genetically
superior sires as young as possible at the time of their
registration. It is then up to their owners to progeny test bucks by
getting several daughters into as many herds as possible to
increase reliability, in order to provide a fairly accurate
evaluation of a young buck.
The daughters should be bred to freshen as yearlings to
generate data on their sires as soon as possible. The herds
containing these daughters should be enrolled in the DHI
production testing program and participate in the ADGA type
appraisal program. Genetic data generated by these programs is
the only basis for the sire’s proofs on the genetic evaluations and
sire summaries for production and type. Data from private
evaluations for type does not go to the National Database for
research and genetic evaluations and does not contribute to the
evaluation of the young bucks for the ADGA-SDP.
The sires are evaluated for production and type on
information from all relatives appearing in the sire summaries.
This should all occur by the time the buck is three years old. If
the sire has a PTA (Predicted Transmitting Ability) in the upper
percentiles with reasonable reliability, he should be used heavily.
All bucks will be screened at the time of registration to
determine if they qualify for the ADGA-SDP.
Older bucks that are already registered with performance
data also generate ETA (Estimated Transmitted Ability) or PTA
information on an ongoing basis. Current performance pedigrees
may be obtained upon request and the payment of the appropriate
fee to cover the cost of the performance pedigree.
Qualification for the ADGA-SDP will be on the basis of an
ETA calculated from the Production-Type Indexes of his sire and
dam. The formula is: The ETA on the Production-Type Index
(PTI) equals one-half the PTI of the sire plus one-half the PTI of
the dam adjusted by the qualifying levels set by the Sire
Development Committee.
Two ETAs on each buck will be calculated. One PTI will
emphasize production to type in a 2:1 ratio. The other PTI will
emphasize production to type in a 1:2 ratio. In other words, they
are just reversed.
Production traits will be expressed in terms of Fat Corrected
Milk, to be corrected to each breed’s average fat percent as
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follows: Alpine 3.4 percent; LaMancha 4.0 percent; Nigerian
Dwarf 6.4 percent; Nubian 4.8 percent; Oberhasli 3.8 percent;
Saanen 3.4 percent; Sable 3.6 percent; and Toggenburg 3.4
percent.
Qualification levels for the ETAs are determined based
upon the criteria set by ADGA based on data from the Council on
Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB). Selection criteria will be set to
ensure that the bucks that qualify have a sufficiently high
probability of being genetically superior without restricting the
number of qualifying bucks and without having an adverse effect
on genetic diversity or breeder participation. Registered bucks
must qualify in both 2:1 and 1:2 production/type indices to be
included in the Sire Development list.
We will inform the industry about bucks who have qualified
for the ADGA-SDP in two ways:
1. inform the owner by letter and
2. publish an annual list of qualifying bucks periodically
XII. RULES GOVERNING THE CONDUCT
OF OFFICIAL SHOWS
The intent and spirit of the show rules is to provide fair compe-
tition to exhibitors and their animals on a nondiscriminatory
basis.
A. ELIGIBILITY
1. Only American Dairy Goat Association, American
Goat Society and Canadian Goat Society registered,
recorded or applied for animals, that are recognized by
ADGA as dairy animals, may be shown in official
American Dairy Goat Association shows.
2. A registration or recordation certificate is required for
all animals six months of age or older and may be
required for animals under six months of age if the
show so chooses.
3. A registration or recordation certificate or a stamped
duplicate application showing the date received by the
ADGA office is required for all animals under six
months of age. Show officials shall not accept copies
of the aforesaid, any other document in lieu of them,
or information obtained from the ADGA office via
telephone, etc.
4. A stamped duplicate is valid for 30 days from the
ADGA office date stamped on it.
5. The document for that animal to be shown must be
handed to the show official who shall read it and
compare its information to that on its entry form and
verify the information on both.
6. All Names Included on One Identification Number
Constitute Only One Membership; therefore, only one
exhibitor. ONLY the ID number on the
registration/recordation certificate or on the stamped
duplication application is proof of ownership.
7. Persons showing animals whose registration or
recordation certificates have signed transfers that have
not been processed by the ADGA office must show
those animals in the owner’s name shown on ADGA
records at that time.
8. Animals with natural horns shall not be shown.
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B. SHOW SANCTIONING AND FEES
1. The number and type(s) of show(s), classes, rules,
sanctioning registry association(s), and restrictions
published for any given show shall be an exact
duplication, in their entirety, of those sanctioned by
the ADGA office and shall state “ADGA rules shall
govern.”
2. Two copies of the schedule of all classes to be held,
all other rules of the governing and applying
association(s), and the official show application must
be sent to the ADGA office for approval. ALL classes
to be held must be listed under classes.
3. Any change requested for a previously sanctioned
show shall be sent to the ADGA office in writing for
their approval. No verbal or telephone changes will be
accepted. This shall not preclude the changing of the
judge, show chairperson, or show secretary by
telephone if necessary.
4. If the ADGA office sanctions the show, it will, at least
two weeks prior to the show date, send copies of all
classes to be held and all rules of the governing and
applying associations to the judge. If there is a
difference in these and the ones presented to the judge
at a later date, those sent by ADGA will govern.
5. The emailed/faxed/postmarked (not metered) on the
envelope determines the cost of the sanction
application if two copies of the rules and classes, the
cost of rosettes for all categories applied for and the
full cost of the application itself are included. If any of
these requirements are lacking, the email/fax/postmark
(not metered) of the latest communication necessary
to fulfill requirements, will determine the cost.
Sanction fees are as follows if application, rules, and
classes are postmarked/faxed/emailed to ADGA:
more than 30 days prior to show date—$60; 11–30
days prior to show date—$100; 10 days or less prior
to show date—$140. (If postmarked/faxed/emailed
less than 31 days before show, additional fees for
shipping may be required.) Rosettes are required and
are $8 a set for each breed being sanctioned. If
Champion Challenge is being sanctioned, an
additional $5 for each breed must be sent. If the Best
in Show class is sanctioned, it must be listed under
“classes” and the rosette must be purchased ($5). If it
is not sanctioned, the rosette may not be purchased. If
the class is held regardless, the BIS animal’s name
shall not be included on the Report of Awards and the
animal will receive no ADGA awards provided by this
class even if the animal’s name is included. The
sanction fee plus the cost of rosettes must accompany
the application for the Official Show.
6. The base date for computing the age of the animal is
the day the animal is to be judged unless otherwise
stated by a Fair board or organizing show committee
in its rules governing livestock. This date must be
stated on the show application and in the rules.
7. ADGA sanctioned shows held within the judging and
classes of another ADGA sanctioned show ARE NOT
allowed.
8. Any show limiting its number of entries must state
this in their rules.
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9. Board approved show rule changes become effective
immediately except for those shows already
sanctioned to occur before January 1st of the
upcoming year. ADGA will announce their sanctioned
shows as soon as possible after the sanctioning. All
requests not to do so are denied.
10. A show must include one of the following statements
in their rules: (The Junior and Senior shows are
separately sanctioned) or (The Junior and Senior
shows are not separately sanctioned.)
C. RULES GOVERNING SHOW OFFICIALS AND
JUDGES
1. The designation “Official ADGA Show” shall be
posted conspicuously at the show.
2. It is the responsibility of the Show Secretary to have a
copy of these rules available at all times in case any
question arises during the course of the show.
3. The Show Chairperson and Show Secretary shall not
be the same person. In the case of shows held
simultaneously, the Show Secretary shall not officiate
in more than one of them.
4. The Show Chairperson and the Show Secretary are
responsible for enforcing the ADGA rules and
certifying that the standards set forth in these rules
have been met. In turn the sponsoring organization is
responsible for the actions of the entire Show
Committee.
5. The local show committee and sponsoring
organization may include show rules of their own to
be used in addition to ADGA Rules to insure orderly
conduct and cooperative behavior by the exhibitor.
They may also set reasonable penalties for violation of
such rules. These rules must be included when
applying for the show sanction.
6. All shows sanctioned by the American Dairy Goat
Association MUST be judged by a person currently
licensed by the American Dairy Goat Association and
with strict adherence to the ADGA rules.
7. No Judge shall judge any animal that:
a. is owned partially or entirely by the Judge.
b. is owned partially or entirely by any member of
the Judge’s immediate family, which includes
children, grandchildren, parents, grandparents,
siblings, or spouse.
c. is owned partially or entirely by the Judge’s
employer or employee. For purposes of this
section, “employer” shall mean any person for
whom the Judge has rendered services for
recompense, or is under contract to provide such
services, whether on a fee for service or salary
basis, except as specifically directed by the
Association; within fourteen (14) days before the
beginning of, or fourteen (14) days following the
conclusion of, the show in question.
d. in which the Judge has any pecuniary interest.
e. over which the Judge has any supervision.
(Refer to Suggested Code of Ethics for
Exhibitors and Show Committees)
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8. The judge shall read the tattoo(s) on the GCH, RGCH,
and the Champion Challenge winner BEFORE they
leave the ring.
9. The judge shall examine the teats, including the
orifices, of all animals and may draw milk into a
container to verify defects. When milk is drawn, the
judge must disinfect his/her hands before and after
inspection.
10. a. The Judges will be instructed to determine
disqualifiable defects in Nigerian heights within the
individual age classes as with all other
disqualifications.
b. The standardized measuring device should be used
under the judges' supervision.
c. It is the judge's responsibility to provide the
standardized measuring device, either their own or
contractually have it provided by the sponsoring
show and or exhibitors. The standardized
measuring device should be used under the judge's
supervision.
11. When a written agreement between a licensed ADGA
Judge and a show committee and/or sponsoring
organization for the judging of an ADGA sanctioned
show exists, both parties are required to perform their
respective obligations under said agreement. A judge
unable to fulfill a contract to judge or conduct a Pre-
TC shall immediately contact the sponsor and explain
the circumstances. If the sponsor requests, the judge
shall contact a mutually agreed upon replacement and
work to negotiate terms. Failure to perform this
request is grounds for filing a complaint with the
ADGA Judges Committee.
12. If the Grand Champion, the Reserve Grand Champion
or the Challenge Winner is tail-tattooed and not a
LaMancha, the judge shall check the ears for tattoos.
If found they must be included and their status clearly
indicated on the Report of Awards.
13. The judge shall avoid placing hands or fingers in the
animal's mouth for inspection of related defects. The
exhibitor shall open the mouth if requested to do so by
the judge. If the judge does handle the mouth, he/she
shall disinfect his/her hands before and after
inspection.
14. ADGA licensed judges, judging at an ADGA
sanctioned show, shall only sign ADGA paperwork,
and that of sponsoring fair if applicable (unless the
show is dual sanctioned with another registry). Any
registries desiring information on the specific ADGA
show report may request a copy directly from ADGA,
provided the request is within 30 days of the show and
is accompanied by the appropriate fee. This rule shall
in no way affect the reciprocity agreement currently in
place with CGS as per rule XII, J.
D. RULES GOVERNING PRESHOW MILKOUT
A preshow milkout is optional. If it is sanctioned, the
following rules apply:
1. Show’s rules must clearly state the date, exact location
and hour of the milkout. Exhibitors unable to be there
at that time must milk out upon arrival at the show
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under the same supervision required at the official
milkout.
2. Does participating in the preshow milkout and then
removed from the show premises prior to being
judged shall be disqualified by the Show Committee.
3. Any doe not milked out according to all specifics set
forth in this rule shall be barred by the Show
Committee.
4. The Show Chairperson and/or his/her Agent shall
check all animals after they are milked by the
exhibitor during the preshow milkout. The person
doing the checking shall not draw milk.
E. ARRANGEMENT OF CLASSES AND MAKING OF
AWARDS
1. The order of the show may be established by one of
the following methods:
a. Clearly stating the order of the show in the
show’s rules submitted to ADGA for
sanctioning. When multiple sanctions are
offered, a complete schedule of judging order for
each sanction must be provided. After
sanctioning, the order of the show shall not be
changed under any circumstance. When
sanctioning a show using this option, the rules
must clearly state “The order of the show is not
subject to change.”
b. Clearly stating in the show’s rules submitted to
ADGA for sanctioning the breed divisions which
will be sanctioned, the intended order of the
show for all sanctions, and the conditions under
which the order of the show may be changed.
When sanctioning a show using this option, the
rules must clearly state “The order of the show is
subject to change.”
ADGA Official Shows may sanction classes for the
following breed divisions:
a. Alpine f. Saanen
b. LaMancha g. Sable
c. Nigerian Dwarf h. Toggenburg
d. Nubian i. All Other Purebreds
e. Oberhasli j. Recorded Grades
2. If the All Other Purebred breed division (1.i.) is
applied for, no more than six breed divisions of 1.a.
through 1.h. may be sanctioned. All animals of the
purebred breed divisions not separately sanctioned
must be permitted to show in it. Once all other
Purebred breed division is sanctioned, no breed(s) can
be added or removed from that division.
3. All classes sanctioned must be held if any animal(s) of
that breed division are present.
4. No breed divisions may be combined after the show is
sanctioned.
5. An animal may compete only once in the age classes
of an individual show.
6. No animal shall knowingly for any reason be entered,
exhibited, or judged in the wrong age class.
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7. An animal that for any reason has been exhibited
AND judged in the wrong class must be disqualified
in that class. The placing of the disqualified animal
would then be assigned to the animal behind and
subsequent animals moved up one placing.
8. American and Purebred shall be shown in the same
classes.
9. ONLY Recorded Grades, Natives on Performance,
Natives on Appearance, Experimentals and Grade
Experimentals shall be shown in the division called
Recorded Grades.
10. An official ADGA rosette must be awarded to the
Grand Champion and Reserve Grand Champion of
each sanctioned breed division of each individual
official ADGA show.
11. A person denied the right to exhibit due to past rule
violations shall not cause a show to be considered
restricted.
12. Entries may not be added to or withdrawn from
classes without permission from the officials in charge
after the class is in the ring and the judging has
started. The class shall not be reopened after reasons
have begun.
13. In all classes, awards shall be made by the Judge
according to the merit of the animal.
14. The Champion Challenge class is OPTIONAL. There
may be one class per breed division. IF the class is
sanctioned, it shall be held and the following rules
must apply:
a. Permanent Champions may be shown in the
regular or the challenge class whichever the
owner chooses. The exhibitor may not be
charged more or less than the regular entry fee.
b. The Grand Champion of the same show must be
shown in these classes and the winners of them
shall be called “Best of Breed.”
c. The Grand Champion of the day not winning
this class shall not compete in the Best
Doe/Buck in Show class – the winner of the
Champion Challenge class shall.
d. Permanent Champions shown in these classes
are not to be barred from group or udder classes.
e. Any show offering premium money must also do
so for the Champion Challenge classes. The
amount must at least equal the maximum scale
of premiums offered in any class of that breed
division.
f. Where no premium money is paid, the award
must at least equal the top award given in any
class of that breed division including those given
the Grand Champion.
g. All animals in this class must be placed by the
Judge.
h. Proof of Championship shall be either: (1) The
prefix CH, GCH, or SGCH as affixed by ADGA
on the animal’s registration or recordation
certificate; or (2) Presentation of the Permanent
Champion Certificate Notification Letter issued
by ADGA in conjunction with the original
registration or recordation certificate. The letter
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is valid for use until December 31 of the year of
issuance.
F. JUNIOR DOE SHOWS, JUNIOR DIVISION CLASSES
AND CHAMPIONSHIPS (Does and Bucks)
1. Any doe under 24 months of age that has never
freshened shall compete in a Junior Doe Show or the
Junior Division.
2. Any buck under 12 months of age shall compete as a
Junior Buck. Junior Buck Shows are not sanctioned.
3. The JUNIOR CHAMPION shall be selected from a
class consisting of the first place, blue ribbon winners
of the age classes in this division. No animal shall
knowingly for any reason be incorrectly exhibited or
judged in this class. In a Junior Doe Show the winner
of this class shall be the Junior Grand Champion and
called by that title.
4. The RESERVE JUNIOR CHAMPION may be
selected after the Junior Champion has been selected
and shall be selected from those remaining in the
Junior Championship class plus the animal that stood
second to the Junior Champion in its individual class.
In a Junior Doe Show this shall be the Junior Reserve
Grand Champion.
G. SENIOR DOE SHOWS, SENIOR DIVISION CLASSES
AND CHAMPIONSHIPS (Does and Bucks)
1. Any doe that has ever freshened or that is being
milked regularly shall compete in a Senior doe Show
or Senior Doe Division. This includes dry and
precocious milkers.
2. Any doe 24 months of age or over that has never
freshened shall not be shown unless she is in milk.
3. Any buck 12 months of age or over shall compete as a
Senior Buck.
4. The SENIOR CHAMPION shall be selected from a
class consisting of the first place, blue ribbon winners
of the age classes in this division. No animal shall
knowingly for any reason be incorrectly exhibited or
judged in this class. In a Senior Doe Show the winner
of this class shall be the Senior Grand Champion and
called by that title.
5. The RESERVE SENIOR CHAMPION may be
selected after the Senior Champion has been selected
and shall be selected from those remaining in the
Senior Championship class plus the animal that stood
second to the Senior Champion in its individual class.
In a Senior Doe Show this shall be the Senior Reserve
Grand Champion.
H. SELECTING THE GRAND CHAMPION (Does and
Bucks)
1. The Junior and Senior Champion shall compete for
Grand Champion, except when the Junior and Senior
Divisions are separately sanctioned.
I. SELECTING THE RESERVE GRAND CHAMPION
(Does and Bucks)
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1. If a Reserve Junior Champion and a Reserve Senior
Champion are selected, the RESERVE GRAND
CHAMPION shall be selected from the class made up
of the following (not applicable when the Junior and
Senior Divisions are separately sanctioned):
a. The Junior or Senior Champion that has not
made the Grand Championship, and
b. The animal that stood Reserve to the Grand
Champion (either the Reserve Junior Champion
or the Reserve Senior Champion).
2. If a Reserve Junior Champion and a Reserve Senior
Champion are not selected, the RESERVE GRAND
CHAMPION shall be selected from class made up of
the following (not applicable when the Junior and
Senior Divisions are separately sanctioned):
a. the Junior Champion or Senior Champion that
has not made the Grand Championship.
b. the remaining blue ribbon winners in the
Division (Junior or Senior) that produced the
Grand Champions,
c. the second place winner in the individual class
from which the Grand Champion came.
J. WINNING A LEG TOWARD CHAMPIONSHIP
1. No animal shall receive credit for a leg unless it has a
permanent legible tattoo(s) (or EID) with evidence of
a tattoo before it enters the ring. The tattoo(s) (or EID)
must match the one(s) recorded on the registration or
recordation certificate or on the stamped duplicate
application. Lack of tattoo, EID, illegibility, or the
information included in the aforementioned
documents not matching the tattoo(s) (or EID) on the
animal shall not prevent the animal from receiving the
ADGA rosette. Please see Appendix: Electronic
Identification, Acceptable Use Policies for conditions
of EID use.
2. Any disqualified animal must NOT be counted in the
total number shown.
3. Does
a. There must be ten or more does of her breed
division owned or leased and shown by at least
two exhibitors.
b. At least two legs of a doe’s Permanent
Championship must be made as:
(1) Winner in the Senior Division at open
shows where
(a) at least eight does of her breed
division IN MILK are competing in
at least two age classes while
complying with 3.a. above; or
(b) Grand Champion in the regular
division classes with less than eight
does in milk while complying with a.
above and then goes on to win the
Champion Challenge class which has
sufficient milkers to complete the
required total of eight; or
(c) Winner competing against two or
more animals that have won their
Best of Breed while complying with
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a. and 1.(a) above in that same show.
This class shall be called Best Doe in
Show and must be comprised of the
best of each breed division in that
individual show. NO absentees
permitted; however, in the event of
extenuating circumstances, such as a
family or medical emergency, a letter
shall be sent to the ADGA Shows
Committee Chair from the
sponsoring show’s committee
explaining the circumstances,
postmarked or sent electronically
within 14 days of the date of the
show. The ADGA Shows Committee
will properly review the situation and
make a decision as soon as possible,
or
(2) Winner over at least nine (total of 10) does
which include less than eight (8) does in
milk and then wins Best in Show, when
this class meets all the requirements of
J.3.b.(1)c., shall exchange this restricted
leg for an unrestricted leg, or
(3) Winner in the Senior Division at a
restricted show with at least twenty does of
her breed division in milk, competing in at
least two age classes. This includes official
4-H, FFA and Youth shows.
(a) As winners, competing against two or
more animals that have won their
Best of Breed, while complying with
(3) above in that same show. This
class shall be called Best Doe in
Show, and must be comprised of the
best of each breed division in that
individual show. NO absentees
permitted; however, in the event of
extenuating circumstances, such as a
family or medical emergency, a letter
shall be sent to the ADGA Shows
Committee Chair from the
sponsoring show’s committee
explaining the circumstances,
postmarked or sent electronically
within 14 days of the date of the
show. The ADGA Shows Committee
will properly review the situation and
make a decision as soon as possible,
or
(4) the Reserve Grand Champion to a Grand
Champion that was a Permanent Champion
as shown by Official ADGA records, prior
to entering the show ring, with at least
twenty (20) does of her breed division in
milk competing in at least two age classes.
c. As the grand champion in the regular division
classes with less than ten does and then goes on
to win the champion challenge class, which has
sufficient does to complete the required total of
ten.
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4. Bucks
a. There must be ten or more bucks of his breed
division owned or leased and shown by at least
two exhibitors.
b. Bucks under 12 months of age are referred to as
Junior bucks, bucks 12 months of age or older as
Senior bucks. The Junior and Senior divisions of
a buck show are not separately sanctioned.
c. At least two legs of a buck’s Permanent
Championship must be made as the sire of
ADGA registered or recorded offspring at open
shows:
(1) as winner over at least three bucks one year
of age or older while complying with a.
above.
(2) as winner in the regular division classes
with less than 10 bucks of his breed
division or less than 3 or 4 Senior bucks,
depending on which is needed, and he goes
on to win the Champion Challenge class
that has a sufficient number of bucks to
complete the total required for a win.
(3) as winner competing against two or more
animals that have won their Best of Breed
while complying with a. and c.1 above in
that same show. This class shall be called
Best in Show and must be comprised of the
best of each breed division in that
individual show. No absentees permitted.
However, in the event of extenuating
circumstances, such as a family or medical
emergency, a letter shall be sent to the
ADGA Shows Committee Chair from the
sponsoring show’s committee explaining
the circumstances, postmarked or sent
electronically within 14 days of the date of
the show. The ADGA Shows Committee
will properly review the situation and make
a decision as soon as possible.
(4) as winner over at least nine (total of 10)
bucks of his breed division, that include
less than three bucks that are one year old
or older, and then wins Best in Show, when
this class meets all the requirements of
J.4.a. and b.(2), shall exchange this
restricted leg for an unrestricted leg.
(5) as winner in a restricted buck show with at
least twenty senior bucks of his breed
division competing in at least two age
classes. This includes 4-H, FFA and Youth
shows.
(6) as the Reserve Grand Champion to a Grand
Champion that was a Permanent Grand
Champion, as shown by official ADGA
records, prior to entering the show ring,
with at least twenty senior bucks of his
breed division competing.
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5. Except as otherwise provided in this Division, only
one leg toward Permanent Championship may be
attained as:
a. The Grand Champion in an Official 4-H, FFA,
and Youth show, or
b. The Grand Champion in a restricted show, or
c. The Grand Champion in a show with ten of the
breed division, but with less than eight does in
milk, or
d. The Reserve Grand Champion to a Grand
Champion that was a Permanent Champion as
shown by Official ADGA records, prior to
entering the show ring.
e. Best in Show winner in a Junior Doe Show when
competing against two or more animals that have
won their Best of Breed while complying with
J.3.a. in that same show. This class shall be
called Best Doe in Show and must be comprised
of the best of each breed division in that
individual show. No absentees permitted.
However, in the event of extenuating
circumstances, such as a family or medical
emergency, a letter shall be sent to the ADGA
Shows Committee Chair from the sponsoring
show’s committee explaining the circumstances,
postmarked or sent electronically within 14 days
of the date of the show. The ADGA Shows
Committee will properly review the situation
and make a decision as soon as possible.
6. Only one leg toward Permanent Championship may
be won by any animal at a single show.
7. At least two legs of Permanent Championship must be
made under different judges. When the same judge
awards a doe her first Junior Doe show win and her
first two unrestricted wins, if the doe has another
Junior Doe show win under a different judge, the
owner may petition the Show Committee Chair to
exchange the doe’s first Junior Doe show win for the
one under the different judge. The office will notify
the owner whether or not his request is granted.
8. A doe or buck winning three Grand or Reserve Grand
Championships under the conditions set forth in
Division J shall become a Permanent Champion and
be entitled to the CH designation. If the CH animal
holds an Advanced Registry or Star record in ADGA,
except by birth, it is entitled to the GCH designation.
If the grand champion animal also qualifies for the
Superior Genetics awards, it is entitled to the SGCH
designation.
9. A Best of Breed animal failing to compete in the Best
in Show class will forfeit the leg won in that show.
10. Junior Champions of the National Show shall receive
a dry restricted leg.
11. ADGA will accept show wins earned by ADGA
registered animals at official sanctioned CGS shows
judged by either ADGA or CGS licensed Judges
postmarked within 14 days of the show.
100
K.
101
1. KIND OF SHOW: Circle the one for which this
Report is used.
2. TIME: When the first class of the show enters the
ring.
3. TOTAL NO. JUDGED: Total of numbers written in
“No. Judged” space of each breed division including
those for Challenge class.
4. NO. JUDGED: Total number of does judged in this
breed division. Do not include those shown in the
Challenge class.
5. NO. JR. DOES: Total number of Jr. does judged in
this breed division. If none, write “0”.
6. NO. SR. DOES: Total number of Sr. does judged in
this breed division. Do not include Challengers. If
none, write “0”.
7. NO. EXHIBITORS: This is the name(s) under
“Owner” on the ADGA registration or recordation
certificate or on no. 11 of the stamped duplicate
application. Many names may be included, but they
are counted as only one exhibitor. An exhibitor is
counted only once in a breed division. Do not count
the exhibitor of a Challenger if they were counted
previously in that breed division. The name
transferred to is not allowed.
8. NO. IN MILK: Total number of does in milk in the
breed division not including Challengers. If you doubt
she is in milk, ask the judge. Subtract the number of
dry milkers from the total number of Sr. Does judged.
Write the total number of does in milk here. If none,
write “0”.
9. NO. DRY MILKERS: Write the number of dry
milkers here. If none, write “0”.
10. NO. MILKING CLASSES: Total number of milking
classes in the breed division in which does in milk
were exhibited. Do not count those classes in which
there were no entries, those in which only dry milkers
were shown, or champion challenge classes.
11. TIME BREED CHAMPION IS SELECTED:
Crucial for back-to-back or double ring shows.
12. NO. CHALLENGERS: Number of animals entered
in the champion challenge class, excluding the Grand
Champion of the breed division.
13. NO. CHALLENGERS IN MILK: Total number of
Challenge animals in milk in the breed division
excluding the Grand Champion. If none, write “0”.
14. NO. DIFFERENT CHAMPION CHALLENGE ID
NOS.: Number listed by the owner name on the
ADGA registration or recordation certificate for all
owners of the Champion Challenge class animals,
excluding any exhibitors previously counted.
15. TOTAL NO. OF BREED SHOWN: Total number
of animals shown in the breed. Include all juniors,
seniors and any challengers.
16. NAME OF GRAND CHAMPION: Copy
Champion’s name from the certificate of
registration/recordation.
17. REG. NO.: Copy the Champion’s number from the
certificate.
18. TATTOO (or EID): Take this information from the
judge only. Never copy the tattoo(s) (or EID) from the
certificate. Please see Appendix: Electronic
Identification, Acceptable Use Policies for conditions
of EID use.
19. OWNER I.D. NO.: Take this information from the
certificate.
20. SIGNATURE OF OWNER: This is the owner’s or
their agent’s. All spaces should be filled in before
being signed by anyone.
21. NAME OF RESERVE GRAND CHAMPION:
Copy Reserve Champion’s name from her certificate.
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22. CHALLENGE WINNER: Take the information
from the certificate. If the Challenge class is
sanctioned, it must be held and the Champion of the
Day must show in it, even if it’s the only entry. The
winner receives all of the same awards as the Grand of
the Day even if it’s the same animal. All animals in
this class must be placed. The judge must read the
tattoo(s) on the winner.
23. BEST DOE IN SHOW: Were all breed division
winners present in the ring and judged in the Best in
Show class? This is the judge’s job.
L. REPORTS
1. Prior to the date of judging, a triplicate Report of
Awards shall be sent by the ADGA office to the Show
Secretary.
2. This Report of Awards should be recorded on and
completed in its entirety by the show secretary, except
for signatures and the judges notations. The
information of the breed judged should be completed
before the judging of the next breed begins.
3. The Show Secretary shall take all tattoo (or EID)
information from the Judge only and as he/she reads it
on the animal. The Judge is the only authority on what
tattoos (or EID) are on the animal. When a registration
or recordation certificate indicates an animal has been
re-tattooed (or re-implanted), the Judge may disregard
duplication of tattoo (or EID) or of individual letter or
numbers of tattoo (or EID) which, in the opinion of
the Judge, are the result of re-tattooing (or re-
implanting). Please see Appendix: Electronic
Identification, Acceptable Use Policies for conditions
of EID use.
4. The owner of the animal is responsible to certify that
all information pertaining to his/her animal and to the
win is correct on the Report of Awards to the best of
his/her knowledge.
5. The Show Secretary and Show Chairperson are
responsible to certify that every detail on the Report of
Awards is correct to the best of their knowledge.
6. A judge may refuse to sign the Report of Awards. If
so, they must call the ADGA office no later than the
next working day from the show date and make a full
report. Within seven days postmarked from the show
date, the judge shall mail a copy of the reason(s) to the
ADGA office.
7. The Judge shall certify that all of the tattoos (or EID)
on the winning animals are recorded on the Report of
Awards exactly as they are on the animals and that all
of the Best of Breed were present in the Best in Show
class. All tattoo spaces provided shall be filled. If
there is no tattoo the judge shall write “none.” If the
tattoo is illegible, the judge shall write “illegible”. If
the tattoo is illegible and the animal has an EID, the
judge shall write “illegible” and record the EID
information in the tattoo blank. If the tattoo(s) (or
EID) on the animal does not match the one(s) on the
registration or recordation certificate or on the
stamped duplicate application, the judge shall draw a
line through the tattoo information (or EID
information) on the Report of Awards and write
“tattoo incorrect” (or “EID incorrect”) in the space
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above it. Please see Appendix: Electronic
Identification, Acceptable Use Policies for conditions
of EID use.
8. The Judge, Show Secretary, Show Chairperson, and
the winning exhibitors shall sign the Report of
Awards. The Judge shall mail one copy to the ADGA
office within ten days of the date of judging. If the
Report of Awards is not received in the ADGA office,
the following procedure will be followed:
a. A phone call to the judge at 10 days allowing 5
business days to return the Report of Awards.
b. If not received in the ADGA office after 5
business days, the sponsoring organization is to
be requested to provide a copy of their copy of
the Report of Awards.
c. Written notice of pending action (reprimand to
Judge) sent Certified Mail Return receipt at 30
days.
d. Phone call by the ADGA office at 30 days
stating urgent action needed.
e. At 45 days notification to the ADGA Judges
Committee Chair to send letter of reprimand
with a 14 day time period for submission of
Report of Award. Failure to do so would result
in Judges Committee’s recommendation to the
Board of Directors for loss of tenure for the
Judge.
9. The judge shall read the report of awards before
signing it and will be held accountable for those
mistakes obvious to him/her such as, but not
limited to: spaces left blank, fewer number of
senior does than the number of does in milk and dry
milkers combined, fewer senior does than milking
classes held, etc.
10. No animal shall receive credit for a win unless the
information is correctly recorded on the Report of
Awards when it is first received by the ADGA
office. An animal shall not be shown on more than
one ADGA registration or recordation certificate or
stamped duplicate application.
11. After the completion of the show, the Report of
Awards shall not be added to or changed by
anyone, except by proper review and action of the
ADGA show committee.
12. If two shows are held concurrently (double ring
show) at the same location and judged by two
different Judges, the Show Secretary must list the
time of the selection of each breed champion.
13. For show purposes only: The owner of the animal
on the day it is shown will be accepted by ADGA
as the valid owner at that time. This name will
prevail regardless of a post-dated transfer.
14. A Best of Breed animal failing to compete in the
Best In Show class will forfeit the leg won in that
show. The judge will write “Failed to compete in
Best in Show” over that breed division on the
Report of Awards.
15. If an ADGA sanctioned show is held, the report of
awards must be completed and returned to the
ADGA office for all breeds originally sanctioned
104
regardless of the number of entries shown in each
breed division.
M. COMPLAINTS AND PENALTIES
1. All complaints pertaining to the management of a
show, show rules for which interpretation is requested,
all imperfect Reports of Awards and cases of
questionable legs, but not limited to these, will be sent
to the ADGA Office. A $25.00 filing fee must
accompany the complaint. The complaint will be sent
to the ADGA Shows Committee Chair once recorded
by the ADGA Office. The ADGA Shows Committee
Chair shall forward a copy of the complaint to the
offending party within 14 days. Within twenty-one
(21) days of Respondent’s receipt of the complaint
from the Shows Committee Chairperson, the
Respondent may file and answer to the complaint
setting forth any defense to the charges in the
complaint or any other matter Respondent believes
helpful to the resolution of the complaint. If the
complaint is deemed justified by the Shows
Committee and supporting action taken by the Board
of Directors, the filing fee will be returned to the
complaining party. No action will be considered by
the ADGA Show Committee unless the case is
presented to them within one year of occurrence.
2. All complaints filed by ADGA members, fair officials
or the ADGA office pertaining to the ethics and
competency of Judges are to be referred to the Judges
Committee [postmarked] within ninety days of
occurrence. (See Article XIV.G. for additional
information.)
3. If the ADGA Shows Committee finds a Show
Committee or Sponsor guilty of conducting a
sanctioned show in willful violation of ADGA rules, it
should recommend action to the Board such as:
a. A fine of not less than $25 to the sponsoring
organization.
b. Publicizing in the Dairy Goat news media.
c. The Show Chairperson and Show Secretary shall
not officiate in any official capacity in an
Official ADGA Show for a period of one year
beginning January 1st following the decision of
the Board.
d. Invalidating any or all wins at a show in question
as far as official ADGA records are concerned.
No action will be considered by the ADGA
Show Committee unless the case is presented to
them within one year of occurrence.
4. If the ADGA Shows Committee has determined that a
sanctioned show was conducted in a grossly negligent
manner or in willful violation of ADGA rules, the
ADGA Shows Committee may refer the issue
regarding the involved judge to the Judges Committee
for further review and action.
N. DEFINITIONS
1. Combined Jr./Sr. Doe Show -- A show for the
exhibition of does of all ages (see also XII.G2)
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2. Senior Doe Show -- A show for the exhibition of does
that have freshened or are being milked regularly
3. Junior Doe Show -- A show for the exhibition of does
under 24 months of age who have never freshened nor
are in milk
4. Buck Show -- A show for the exhibition of bucks of
all ages
5. Single ADGA Breed Show -- One separately
sanctioned breed division costing a full sanction fee,
not restricted, does not need breed club approval, and
all shows meeting requirements are sanctioned.
6. 4-H Show -- A show that restricts its exhibitors to
those who are 4-H Members
7. FFA Show -- A show that restricts its exhibitors to
those who are FFA Members
8. Youth Show -- A show that restricts its exhibitors to
those who are members of 4-H, FFA, and other youth
under 21 years of age
9. AOP Breed Division -- Is the All Other Purebred
division for breeds that are not separately sanctioned
10. Open Show -- A show open to all exhibitors
11. Restricted Show -- A show that has limitations as to
who may exhibit including 4-H, FFA, and Youth
shows
12. Base Date -- Date used for computing the age of a
dairy goat in order to be placed in the proper class
13. Championship Leg -- A term used to describe one of
three official championships used as a basis of
awarding a Permanent Championship
14. Disqualified Animal -- Any dairy goat with one or
more characteristics listed under “Disqualification in
the ADGA Evaluation of Defects” and so designated
by an ADGA Judge. A disqualified animal shall not
receive any award nor be counted in the official
numbers nor appear in any group classes
15. Best Of Breed (BOB) -- The Grand Champion of the
day is the BOB. If there is a Champion Challenge
Class and the Grand of the day does not win it, the
winner of that class becomes the BOB.
16. Best In Show (BIS) -- A class that is comprised of all
of the Best of Breed animals in that show
17. Pre-Show Milkout -- A supervised complete milking
of all Senior Division does at a specific time and place
prior to the beginning of judging
18. Doe In Milk -- A doe being milked regularly (being
milked at least once every day ongoing)
19. Precocious Milker -- A doe that has never freshened
and is producing an amount of milk that requires her
to be milked regularly
20. Dry Milker -- A doe that has freshened and is no
longer in milk
21. Freshened Doe -- A doe that has given birth to a kid
or a fetus after at least 141 days of gestation
22. Aborted Doe -- A doe that gave birth to a fetus
carried less than 141 days after conception
23. Exhibitor -- The owner or owners whose name(s)
appears as the owner on the registration or recordation
certificate or stamped duplicate application. Multiple
names under one ID number are one exhibitor.
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24. Handler -- The person showing the animal in the ring
25. Agent -- The person acting in place of the owner
O. SUGGESTED CODE OF ETHICS FOR EXHIBITORS
AND SHOW COMMITTEES
1. Transportation should be furnished for the Judges.
This excludes the National Dairy Goat Show.
a. Judges can be picked up at the airport by a
Member of the show committee or the
sponsoring club (organization) who is not
showing his/her animals at this show.
b. Car Rental Funds may be provided in advance
either by the organization or included in the
show contract.
2. Accommodations for the Judge should be made in
either a local motel or in the home of someone not
exhibiting.
3. The Judge should not be entertained by anyone prior
to the show who intends to exhibit at the show.
4. Do not request of the Judge a private opinion on any
animal prior to the completion of the show.
5. Anyone who has purchased, within six months, an
animal directly from the Judge should not show this
animal under this same Judge.
6. Anyone who owns an animal in which the Judge has a
financial interest cannot show this animal under the
same Judge. (Refer to Rules Governing Show
Officials and Judges).
7. Do not offer information or comments to the Judge in
the show ring unless requested by the Judge.
8. After the completion of the show, the Judge would
welcome and encourage friendship and constructive
questions.
9. Exhibitors should use social media judiciously
realizing that social media is a highly public medium.
XIII. JUDGING DAIRY GOATS
A. SO YOU ARE GOING TO BE A JUDGE
One of the most disconcerting things that can happen to a
club, state or district fair is to select one or more persons
whom exhibitors or Directors have chosen to judge their
upcoming shows, write said Judge, and await a delayed
reply. If the answer is too long in coming or perhaps never
arrives, it reflects on you and you may never again be
considered by that group. Your first responsibility as a
Judge is to send a prompt answer as to your availability on
their date, as to your fee and to inquire as to projected size
of their show, number of classes, etc. Being an official
ADGA Judge is more of a responsibility than most Dairy
Goat enthusiasts realize. Throughout its many years of
service, the Judges Training, Assessment & Licensing
Committee has learned that many who might have proven
themselves to be excellent Judges have fallen by the
wayside by accepting shows too large for them to handle in
their first couple of years. Learn to walk with ease before
entering a grueling relay race.
You have answered the invitation and accepted. We do
suggest that if it is a private club show which will not have
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formal contracts for you to sign, be sure to request a letter
from the club confirming the date and time and any
financial agreements. From early fall or winter (when many
clubs plan their shows) to the time of the show, officers,
secretaries and/or shows do change.
Plan your arrival enough in advance of the time you are
to go to work so that you alleviate the horrible fears of the
show giving club that perhaps the Judge isn’t going to show
up. If you must have transportation provided from an airport
or bus station, the show giving organization should not
select an exhibitor to provide transportation and/or lodging.
It casts a shadow on both you and the exhibitor from some
who are always looking for flaws in your performance.
You are the “anchor man or woman” for ADGA when
you are judging their show. We all love our comfortable
jeans, bib overalls or shorts and can’t wait to get back to
them once our task is completed. Hosts of NBC’s “Today
Show” would not command our respect if they hastened to
the show in the attire they had used painting their boat or
planting their garden nor should we as judges trained and
licensed by ADGA. Would you appear applying for a
position of Executive Secretary to a top executive in an
industry in tacky or “far out” attire? The fairly recent
acceptance of smart leisure wear and sport clothes has been
a blessing to us all. None of us would care to work all day
long in the ring in a suit and tie. Even for a one-day
assignment, it is a safety measure to have a change. Excited
kids with scours or a burp of cud, a broken zipper or a weak
seam might make it embarrassing to proceed the rest of the
day. Moreover, if you are judging a Buck Show and
traveling by public transportation, let us not add to some
fellow traveler’s idea that all goats stink.
Having checked in at the show site, it is wise to locate
the closest rest room. In a show where every minute counts,
one may have to make a trip between herds or classes. It is
wise to check the list of classes sent to you by ADGA
before you arrive, so if there are any questions regarding
them, they may be answered before you begin. By all
means, ALWAYS have your Guidebook with you. When a
questionable evaluation arises, it is no disgrace to turn to it
to verify your placing. It often assures exhibitors that you
conscientiously want to be sure you are correct.
As you start your day, after having been introduced, give
the exhibitors a little relaxed feeling that you will place
their animals as you see them with regard to the competition
they are up against. They are the same animals when
leaving the ring as they were when they entered. It is no
reflection on your ability if some of the lower placing
individuals may stand at the head of the class the next week
where their competition is not the same.
Tell your exhibitors you will establish a pattern of ring
procedure in your first few classes and if they will observe
it they will better understand how you will be working all
through the show. This makes for a smooth running show.
You will find, however, that some exhibitors never catch on
and this is when you have to “keep your cool.” Yes, Judges
become irritated with exhibitors as well as exhibitors
becoming irritated with Judges.
Hopefully, your show giving organization has at hand a
tensor light or very bright flashlight with which to read
tattoos. If you are in doubt, tuck your own in your luggage.
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Remember, you are the Judge and it’s your responsibility to
read and be sure the secretary properly records those tattoos
on both reports which you received from ADGA.
It is your responsibility before you sign the report as
Judge to be sure it is completely filled out. Encourage the
show secretary and chairperson to keep up that report as the
show proceeds. It is very frustrating as a Judge with a plane
to catch to find nothing has been done towards filling out
the report until the show is over. On the other hand, if you
sign it and in the ADGA office they find the number of
milkers is blank, or the number of exhibitors is lacking, you
are in the wrong and some of your championships may not
gain a leg due to your signing before checking to see if the
report is complete.
The Judges Training, Assessment & Licensing
Committee sometimes receives criticism of a Judge
probably being so relieved that the task was completed that
he/she “celebrated” in the barn. The Training Conference
does not want to dictate the life-style of our ADGA judges;
however, let us remember that many of our shows are
attended by large numbers of young exhibitors who
hopefully will be the future of the Dairy Goat industry.
They look up to us hoping that someday they will have
“arrived” and be old enough and competent enough to be a
JUDGE. Let us set the right example.
In 1977, the Official Judges Committee was formed
which handles any complaints regarding the ethics or
competency of a Judge. The Judges Training, Assessment &
Licensing Committee hopes they will have little to do. If we
do our part in presenting what we feel you should know and
you do your part in studying and carrying out what you
have learned, everyone will be happy and ADGA will
continue to be a leader in the training of official judges.
Judicial Judging
by George Proctor
When you receive an invitation to officiate, please answer it
promptly and courteously. Try not to be over eager and
accept an important, large entry show before you have
worked a few smaller shows.
If you accept an invitation to judge, please arrive early.
Be well groomed and neat in your appearance. It never hurts
to have a spare wardrobe set in case of unpredictable
accidents that could appear during your period of judging.
Check the microphone connections. Be sure you have your
proper tools, which should include an extra set of show
rules and applications, plus a judging kit including your
evaluation of defects and disqualifications for a sometimes
needed quick reference. Confer with the Show Secretary, or
Show Committee, for any unusual problems. Determine
advisable times for lunch or any other breaks during the
day. Don’t, repeat, don’t use your early arrival time to visit
the various exhibitors and their animals in the barns.
When your show begins, perhaps a word of explanation
is in order as to your own likes or dislikes as to ring
procedures. Remember the problems some judges might
have given you as an exhibitor and avoid the same pitfalls.
Try not to confuse your exhibitors with unusual ring tactics.
Attempt to standardize your ring examinations, such as
starting from head to tail, tail to head, etc. Perhaps in setting
the animals up for final placing your prefer head to tail,
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front to the audience, read to the audience. Try to display
any unusual good point which might be described and
explained to your audience. Remember that it is show and
much can be done by you, as the Judge, to make it
interesting and entertaining, as well as educational, to the
audience and exhibitors.
Your reasons, again, should be concise and to the point,
stressing the main reason for placing one animal over
another. Avoid general descriptive terms. As a matter of
courtesy move your placements up rather than down in line.
Surely somewhere in your comments you can find some
good quality in the doe that is standing in last place.
Your ring presence is most important. Be confident, but
not arrogant. Be polite, but firm. Demand respect, but be
humble. Be quick, but be thorough. Try hard to leave no
doubt but that you are honestly placing the class as you see
it today.
In conclusion, it is most important that you realize there
are many factors and problems that arise in becoming a
qualified and respected dairy goat judge. Many quickly
reached decisions may sometimes have very far-reaching
results. Please remember that your appearance, your
conduct, your ability, and your integrity as an official
representative of the American Dairy Goat Association
gives you an opportunity to leave a sound and good image
in the public’s eye of the dairy goat and the dairy goat
industry. Remember, and abide by our American Dairy
Goat Association’s Code of Ethics.
B. REASONS
by Dr. Harold Kaeser, Professor, Department of Dairy
Science, Ohio State University
What are oral reasons?
Reasons are accurate, concise statements that clearly depict
differences between given pairs of animals.
Good reasons use comparative terms to point out
differences and resort to description only when comparison
will not bring out points desired. In the show ring the Judge
should be comparing each animal, except the first, to the
animal placed above. This differs from classification to the
extent that in classification all animals should be compared
to the ideal of the breed in question. On many occasions one
will start a class with the animal nearest the ideal, but it may
still be only slightly above average. You then must compare
your next dairy goat to this one.
Why oral reasons?
Correct oral reasons make a good show more outstanding.
People show livestock for several reasons: (1) Most people
show to help promote and sell their livestock; (2) Many
show to display the fruit of their efforts as breeders to
demonstrate their contributions as a breeder, and/or (3)
Others may merely enjoy good competition and gain
satisfaction from competing with others.
Reasons are important to the above people because they
will make a show more informative and help keep the
attention of the ringside. We hope that some potential
buyers are on the ringside. People who watch shows like to
feel that they are second guessing the Judge while at the
ringside. The Judge’s reasons will support or discount their
selections and can be informative if discreetly presented.
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Reasons are most important to the Judge. Regardless of
how many rules, regulations or guidelines are set for
judging a particular species of livestock, it is up to the
Judge to analyze and make final placings. No two people
will see exactly alike in all situations. If this were not true,
one major show per year would suffice. Animals change
from week to week, particularly those coming into heavy
lactation or going dry.
Most well-informed breeders know when they enter the
ring (and get a look at the competition) about where they
will stand. In my opinion, good breeders have to be accurate
judges of their own livestock in order to make progress.
Accurate reasons permit the Judge to logically relay
his/her thoughts and evaluations to the exhibitor and the
ringside. As long as you judge animals and look for
comparative reasons, as you judge, your reasons will have
logic and people will follow you regardless as to whether
they agree completely with your exact placings. One bit of
philosophy to keep in mind when giving reasons is this: If
you cannot find something good to say about an animal,
let’s not say anything; the meaning is implied.
What are the ingredients to make a good set of reasons?
1. Accurate observations of animals shown. Evaluate
all animals before you start the placings. Quick
analysis is essential but do not make a horse race out
of a show. I do not advise taking so much time that
breeders become worn out and the ringside loses
interest. Keep in mind that the exhibitor has spent
considerable time and effort preparing for the show
and deserves the above courtesy. Select the animal
that most nearly meets breed standards and by
comparison build your line up. Stay with the same
type until logical reasons require you to change.
2. Use proper terminology. Correct reasons require the
use of specific terms relating to the area of the animal
you are comparing. This requires a Judge to be
familiar with the scorecard and the areas that belong
in the respective breakdowns. Such terms as pasterns,
withers, crops, and point of elbow refer to a definite
area and are therefore very definitive when used
properly in reasons.
3. Organization. When organizing your reasons try to
put yourself in the place of the people listening. They
are the ones who will either readily follow your
reasons or become confused and/or even disgusted.
Keep in mind that many people know a considerable
amount about the livestock being judged and are
interested only in the real differences. If differences
and reasons for placing are in the mammary system,
start your reasons in this area; this will hold true for
body conformation, dairy strength, feet and legs, style
and symmetry and so forth. Use specific terms to drive
home your points in any area and thereby avoid
generalizations. Avoid opening yourself up to
questions by stressing minor points which have little
or no bearing on your decision.
4. Make your reasons forceful enough to attract and
hold people’s attention. Speak into the microphone,
when one is available, with confidence. Remember if
you are not confident of your placings, you will find it
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difficult to convince others. Satisfy yourself and you
will satisfy others.
A most important consideration is to judge the
livestock, not the leaders. Occasionally Judges have
been criticized for placing the leaders because their
reasons were not forceful enough to convince people
otherwise. An additional statement is in order; that it,
never knowingly defeat good animals regardless of
how many blue ribbons a breeder has won just to give
someone else a chance to win a blue ribbon.
5. Poise. People soon evaluate a Judge as to whether
he/she is a polished Judge or a livestock person by the
way he/she goes about his/her job of judging. People
like a sincere, confident Judge, but often despise smart
alecks who bend over backward to impress people
with their abilities. Never as a Judge lose your temper
and resent questions from breeders or the ringside.
Remember, you are the Judge for the day and are in
the driver’s seat. This does not mean you cannot and
should not still respect other people’s rights or
privileges.
Reasons and Judges giving them are evaluated by the
following points:
a. Accuracy of observation
b. Terminology
c. Organization—do they make sense?
d. Forcefulness or confidence
e. Poise
C. SUGGESTED TERMINOLOGY FOR REASONS
WHEN PLACING DAIRY GOATS
Good oral reasons for the placing of dairy goat classes are
built upon comparative statements about pairs of animals.
Most often, reference should be made to two major
scorecard categories, i.e., General Appearance, Dairy
Strength, Body Capacity and/or Mammary System, with
supporting statements giving the specific advantage in each
major category. When advantage can be found in more than
two major categories, reference should be made to the two
highest point major categories for the strongest set of
reasons. Use of three major category references is
permissible with significant supporting statement for each,
particularly if differences in the given major category are
minor. At times, significant advantage can be found in only
one major category. The pair comparison can then be
restricted to one major category with adequate supporting
statement.
The use of grants, or yielding advantage to the lower
placing individual in a pair, should be done sparingly as it
automatically weakens the claim of comparative advantage
to the higher placing individual. It is appropriate when the
lower placing individual has a significant advantage that a
judge would like spectators to be aware it has been noticed.
Words used to make comparative statements should be
common usage standard terminology. Descriptive
statements should always be avoided. Excessive flowery
phrases of rhetorical posture should be minimized. Regional
dialects, colloquial expressions, gut level humor, and
veterinary diagnoses do not contribute to professional
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ambiance. Clear, concise statements of comparative
advantage are the function of oral reasons.
Although reasons are most usually given with the
placement line at rest and set up, reference to structural
function on the move should be a priority in comparative
statements. Summary introductory statement about the
entire class at the beginning of a set of reasons is a good
practice. As well, positive comment about the last animal
should be included.
In selecting terms and phrases for use in giving good
reasons, try to use word combinations from the scorecard as
often as possible. Following are some possible combinations
of wording to make supporting statements claiming
advantage for the given major category:
SHE IS OR HAS:
SHE IS MORE DESIRABLE IN:
1. General Appearance and Walk
a. more attractive in framework being:
1.) more feminine
2.) more upstanding
b. walks more smoothly
c. walks more easily
d. walks with a more impressive carriage
2. Stature
a. taller at the withers than at the hips
b. longer in bone pattern throughout
3. Head and Breed Characteristics
a. cleaner cut
b. more balanced in length, width and depth
c. broader in the muzzle
d. fuller nostrils
e. more cleanly sculpted head with more alert eyes
f. more breed character about the head, especially in:
1.) straightness (or curvature) of the nose
2.) length of ears
3.) set to the ears
4.) markings on the face
g. stronger jaw
h. neater in poll area
i. more angular junction to the throat
j. shows more desirable breed characteristics due to
coloration
4. Front End Assembly
a. blends more smoothly from the neck into the
withers
b. withers more prominently arched to the point of
the shoulder
c. point of shoulder more smoothly set against the
body
d. a tighter junction of shoulder blades with the
withers
e. smoother blending of shoulder blades against the
chest wall
f. point of elbow more tightly/smoothly set against
the chest wall:
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1.) at rest
2.) in motion
g. deeper into the chest floor
h. wider into the chest floor
i. more moderate strength in the brisket
5. Back
a. more well defined in the vertebrae
b. more uphill to the withers from the hips
c. fuller in the crops
d. stronger and straighter in the back, especially in
the:
1.) chine
2.) loin
e. wider/stronger/straighter in the loin
f. the hips are wider
g. the pin bones are:
1.) more well defined
2.) wider apart
3.) more properly set slightly lower than the hips
h. the rump is:
1.) more nearly level (from hips to pins)
2.) wider
3.) more nearly level from thurl to thurl
4.) more nearly level with the tailhead, blending
more smoothly
i. the thurls are more correctly set two-thirds of the
distance from the hips to the pinbones
j. the tailhead is more smoothly set between the
pinbones
k. the vulva is:
1.) more normal in size
2.) more normal in shape
6. Legs, Pasterns and Feet
a. flatter and stronger in the leg bone
b. smoother/freer in motion in the forelegs
c. straighter in forelegs
d. wider apart in the forelegs
e. more squarely placed forelegs
f. neater or cleaner in forelegs in the area of the knees
g. shows more fullness at point of elbow
h. stronger in the pasterns
i. more desirable length of pastern
j. feet are more directly pointed forward
k. shorter and stronger toe
l. more uniform in the depth of the sole from toe to
heel
m. more desirable rear leg set:
1.) when viewed from side being more
perpendicular from hock to pastern
2.) being more angulated in side profile through
the stifle
3.) being straighter when viewed from the rear
n. more width between the hind legs
o. travels with wider space between hocks
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p. more width in escutcheon area
q. more desirable angle in the hocks
r. more cleanly molded hocks
7. Dairy Strength
a. great angularity throughout
b. more openness
c. stronger yet more refined bone structure
d. enough substance with freedom from coarseness
e. showing more evident milking ability with due
regard for stage of lactation
f. neck:
1.) longer/leaner
2.) cleaner-cut throat
3.) cleaner-cut brisket
g. withers:
1.) more wedge-shaped
2.) with dorsal processes more correctly prominent
above the shoulder blades
h. rib:
1.) flatter in the rib
2.) more open in the rib
3.) shows great space between the ribs
4.) a longer rib
5.) more correctly angled toward the flank
i. flank:
1.) deeper in the flank
2.) more highly arched
3.) more refined
4.) freer of excess tissue
j. thigh:
1.) cleaner in the thigh
2.) from the rear, more wide apart
3.) more highly arched and out-curving into the
escutcheon
4.) from the side, more correctly incurving from
pinbone to stifle
k. skin and hair:
1.) thinner skin
2.) more pliable skin
3.) softer more lustrous hair
8. Body
a. more appropriate in size/capacity in relation to:
1.) age
2.) stage of lactation
3.) breeding season
b. stronger and more vigorous
c. chest:
1.) deeper
2.) wider in the floor
3.) more widely sprung in the foreribs
4.) fuller at the point of elbow
5.) fuller in the crops
d. barrel:
1.) more strongly supported yet:
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a.) deeper
b.) longer
c.) wider
2.) deeper in the rib
3.) more widely sprung in the rib
4.) more increase in depth of rib going back to a
more refined flank
9. Mammary System
a. more appropriately capacious in proportion to
frame
b. indicating greater milk production over a long
period of usefulness
c. udder support:
1.) stronger medial suspensory ligament that:
a.) more clearly defines the udder halves
b.) contributes to a more desirable shape or
capacity
c.) holds the udder higher above the hocks
d.) secures the udder more strongly to the
body
2.) stronger fore/rear/lateral attachments
3.) smoother fore/rear/lateral attachments
d. fore udder:
1.) more desirable in shape
2.) wider/fuller to the side
3.) extending more correctly forward without
excess, non-lactating tissue
e. rear udder:
1.) more capacious
2.) higher
3.) wider
4.) more arched into the escutcheon
5.) more uniformly deep and wide to the
udder floor
6.) more correctly curved in side profile
7.) less protruding in relation to the vulva
f. balance, symmetry and quality:
1.) from the side, more balanced both forward
and back of the rear leg
2.) more rounded in shape
3.) softer texture
4.) more pliable
5.) more elastic
6.) more collapsed after milking
7.) freer from scar tissue
8.) from the rear, the halves are more evenly
balanced
9.) more symmetrical in shape
10.) less excess tissue in the udder
g. teats:
1.) more uniform in size
2.) more correct in size in proportion to the size of
the udder
3.) more nearly of medium length
4.) more cylindrical in shape
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5.) more clearly delineated from the udder
6.) more nearly plumb when viewed from the
rear
7.) more properly placed when viewed from the
rear/side
8.) indicate greater ease in milking
9.) showing less tendency to leak
D. WRITTEN REASONS PRACTICE SHEET
I have placed this class of _______________________________
(age) (breed)
____________________________________________________
(kids-yearlings-milkers)
ONE is placing over TWO because she is:
a. __________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________
(She does grant to TWO ________________________________)
TWO is placing over THREE because she is:
a. __________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________
(She will yield to THREE _______________________________)
THREE is placing over FOUR because:
a. __________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________
She grants to FOUR ___________________________________)
FOUR, while standing in last place today, must be commended
for her _____________________________________________________________)
E. EVALUATION OF DEFECTS
(Also see Article XVII.)
Defects are structural shortcomings that can impair productivity
and longevity. Some defects vary in degree on a comparative
basis from slight to moderate to serious. As a result, the severity
of each defect is often a subjective judgment call. A defect
recognized as slight would have little or no impact on a placing.
If moderate, a defect may cause a minor change in a placing. A
serious defect should definitely be reflected in a placing.
The next two stages of defect are not subjective. Very
Serious defects must have a significant impact on placing and
cannot be ignored. A disqualification applies to structural
impairments that inhibit productivity and longevity so severely
that their presence bars the animal from competition. However,
rather than removing an animal with such a condition from the
ring, they can be placed at the end of the placement line.
Judicious comments about the observed defect may be made
during oral reasons. Disqualified individuals may not be included
in the total count of individuals exhibited in the breed sanction. It
is the responsibility of the judge to inform the show secretary of
such individuals.
Defects can also be divided into two categories - general
and breed specific. General defects apply to all breeds of dairy
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goats and are deficiencies that impair productivity and longevity.
Reproduction is as important as lactation productivity. Efficiency
in management should also be considered. Defects that apply
only to the specified breed are most often cosmetic or aesthetic in
nature. For example, variations in color, ear carriage, and nose
bridge structure have virtually no impact on productivity or
longevity. However, minimum height and weight standards can
impact function and should be considered non-cosmetic.
Structural correctness in any given area often leads to correctness
elsewhere. Conversely, defects in one area often lead to defects
elsewhere. This observation should be well considered when
evaluating defects.
The details of general defects follow. First there are 21
defects that range from slight to moderate to serious depending
upon degree.
Item 1 - Large scurs or stubs are not only unsightly, but can
be destructive and dangerous when used in an aggressive manner,
thereby causing management problems. (Note that natural horns
are disbarred from the show ring as per Rules Governing the
Conduct of Official Shows, A.8.)
Item 2 - Undershot or overshot jaws, where the teeth of the
lower jaw do not meet evenly with the gum of the upper palate,
can lead to reduced feed intake and ability to browse, lowering
productivity. A difference of one inch would be considered a
serious defect.
Item 3 - Enlarged knees/non-disabling lameness impairs
routing movement to feeding/browsing/milking areas and can
contribute to lower productivity. This condition can be
particularly detrimental to heavily pregnant does, where routing
movement is vital for healthy fetuses. (Be sure when judging, that
apparent lameness is not caused by too close hoof trimming.)
Item 4 - Bowed over front knees (forward in side profile at
knee), buck knees (curve backward in side profile at knee),
(knees that curve in or out in front profile are also considered
here) can cause a lowering of the whole front end assembly in
extreme cases and consequent movement abnormality. It will
often be associated with item 5.
Item 5 - Small boned for body size indicates a lack of
strength in skeletal structure that can be associated with frailty
overall, more easily damaged bones and lowered productivity.
Small boned animals are not necessarily short statured, but are
usually narrow throughout.
Item 6 - Loose, winged or heavy shoulders are contributory
to deficiencies in Front End Assembly. In extreme cases, the
wither can drop well below the top of the shoulder blades and
lead to disability in motion.
Item 7 - Narrow chest or pinched heart girth contribute to a
lack of proportion and strength in Front End Assembly. In sever
cases, reduced respiratory and pulmonary activity decreases
productive potential.
Item 8 - Short, shallow or narrow body contributes to a lack
of digestive capacity and consequent loss of lactating potential, as
well as reproductive efficiency.
Item 9 - Low backed or steep rumped affects ease of
motion, ruins general appearance of the back and, in the case of
the latter, reduces potential for correctness in udder support and
may cause birthing difficulties.
Item 10 - Broken or wry tail is generally a slight defect in
dairy goats. If apparent defecation and kidding abnormalities
exist, more severity in evaluation is merited.
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Item 11 - Close in hocks is often associated with
incorrectness in movement and interference with correct shape
and support of potential mammary system. It can vary greatly in
degree.
Item 12 - Swollen hocks are indicative of stress on rear leg
structure and most often lead to movement disability.
Item 13 - Swollen stifle joints indicate stress on rear leg
structure and consequent movement disability. (Note that items 3,
12 & 13 may be observable manifestations of Caprine Arthritis
Encephalitis conditions. As a judge, it is not one’s job to diagnose
a diseased condition, but merely to note structural abnormality
and place accordingly.)
Item 14 - Postiness is the lack of adequate rear leg
angulation viewed in side profile at the stifle and hock. Early
breakdown of locomotive function, i.e., ease of motion, usually is
present. Items 12 & 13, swollen stifle and/or hock, may be
concurrent. The opposite condition, i.e., overangulation, is called
sickle-leg. It is generally not debilitating, but rather unsightly and
may lower rear end height.
Item 15 - Hind legs close together is a condition different
from close in hocks (Item 11), in that narrowness in escutcheon
and close placement of lower rear legs and feet can be observed.
Movement irregularity and inadequate space for mammary
systems result. Most frail, narrow and light-boned animals will
manifest the condition.
Item 16 - Sprung pasterns indicate structural weakness and
early motion disability. The condition varies greatly in degree and
may be associated with irregularity in foot structure, especially
depth of heel. Remember that pasterns are to be strong, yet
flexible, of medium length. Dewclaws at the same level as the
heel would be serious.
Item 17 - Turned out or crooked feet contribute to early
locomotive breakdown and management problems with more
routing foot care and trimming. Such feet are more disease prone,
particularly to foot rot under wet conditions.
The next four items relate only to mammary system.
Item 18 - Udder of beefy texture or with pocket reduces
lactating potential. The “beefy texture,” if observed to an
advanced degree, may need to be considered under a more
advanced stage of defect, such as very serious, “hard and
swollen.”
Item 19 - Front, rear or side udder attachment lacking
contributes to an overall lack of udder support. Advanced cases
of the defect, as in Item 18 above, would need to be considered
under pendulous udder, a very serious defect. Of primary
concern, as well, are consequent abnormalities in udder shape and
overall capacity.
Item 20 - Separation between halves of udder or presence of
scar tissue relate to udder support, shape and quality. Lack of
adequate medial suspensory definition and/or cleft in floor of
udder should be evaluated more severely than over division of
halves, since this latter structure is functional but unsightly, and
leads mostly to incorrectness in shape.
Item 21 - Teats that manifest seven subsidiary conditions,
which inhibit milk flow and ease of milk out: (a) set close
together, (b) bulbous, (c) extremely large or small, (d) pointed
sideways, (e) uneven in size, (f) having small streams or
otherwise hard to milk, and (g) not clearly separated from udder.
All seven of these teat conditions vary greatly in degree and
should be subjectively faulted to the degree that the milking
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process would be inhibited. Optimal dairy efficiency and
longevity demand fast, efficient milkout, whether by hand or on
machine.
The fourth stage of general defects is Very Serious. The
presence of these structural blemishes severely restricts the
productive longevity and functions of an animal, and must be
considered in a placement. First are nine itemized conditions of
the udder:
a. Pendulous - such udders are prone to damage and
disease and are not long lasting
b. Too distended to determine texture - often a result of
over-uddering to show. Restriction of blood flow can
lead to mastitis and consequent hardening of lactating
tissue. When judging, do not ignore, but rather place
soft, elastic correctly textured udders above hard ones.
c. Hard or swollen (except in does just fresh) - allow
three to four weeks after kidding when evaluating (as
in b. Preceding, over-uddering for shows can
aggravate). Evaluate and place as presented in the
ring.
d. So uneven that one half is less than half the size of the
other is evaluated with balance, symmetry and quality
of mammary system. Imbalance may be indicative of
a low grade mastitis infection, lack of production
and/or milk quality.
e. Udder lacking size is considered in proportion to size
of doe and can reflect stage of lactation. Look for
evident productivity in proportion to body size and
frame.
f. Double orifice in teat of does usually inhibit milk flow
and cause milking sanitation problems, i.e., milk
everywhere.
g. Extra teat or teats that have been cut off on does are
unsightly and, when cut off, may leave residual blind
pockets in the udder, which are prone to bacterial
problems and high count milk.
h. Leaking orifice can be temporary and caused by over-
uddering. Still to be evaluated critically. When
chronic, such orifices reduce functional longevity,
because they are prone to bacterial invasion of the
udder and general lack of sanitation and production.
i. Misplaced orifice is problematic in milkout and
usually unsanitary.
The second type of Very Serious defect is a crooked face
on does and is evaluated with the head. It is unsightly,
although individuals may not manifest eating and/or
respiratory difficulties.
The third and final type of Very Serious defect is very
crooked or malformed feet. Lack of ease of motion, early
structural breakdown, susceptibility to disease and infection of
the feet, and management stress in trimming are consequent
problems.
The fifth stage of general defects is Disqualifications.
These structures and conditions are considered so debilitating
and restrictive to functional longevity and productivity that
animals may not be placed. Note that some fourth stage defects
(Very Serious) in does become fifth grade (Disqualification) in
bucks.
1. Total blindness can often be seen in malformation
and/or discoloration of the iris. A quick, on the
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spot, test is to move one’s hand quickly in front of
the eye, without touching the eyelashes, to check
for eye movement or dilation. Lack of either
response indicates blindness. (Certain conjunctivitis
conditions, such as clinical pinkeye, cause
ulceration of the cornea and temporary blindness.
Such animals ought not to be presented in the ring
anyway, because of contagious health
considerations.)
2. Serious emaciation can be the result of advanced
degenerative health conditions, such as advanced
CAE or John’s disease, and /or bad management,
i.e., improper nutrition, housing or parasite control
(worms, lice, etc.) Regardless of its origin,
severely out of condition animals do not belong in
the show ring and before the public’s eye. This is
the age of “animal rights” and dairy goat judges
need to make public policy statement by disbarring
emaciated animals from placement.
3. Permanent lameness or difficulty in walking is an
advanced stage of condition 3 under slight to
serious defect (enlarged knees, nondisabling
lameness). Granting that some improperly set
broken legs can cause the condition; it still does not
belong in the show ring.
4. Blind or nonfunctioning half of udder obviously
limits productivity, whether genetic or a result of
severe mastitis. Udders that may be temporarily
dry on one side due to mastitis complications do
not belong in the show ring. Included here would
also be does that have had mastectomy (removal of
one or both halves) and does that have sloughed
one half due to a severe infection of gangrene or
blue bag mastitis.
5. Blind teats have no orifice and can be observed on
junior does and bucks as well as senior does.
6. A double teat is a teat which has duplication of part
or all of the teat structure, beyond that found in the
double orifice.
7. Extra teats that interfere with milking is an
advanced condition of the fourth stage defect of
extra teat on does.
8. Active mastitis or any other cause of abnormal milk
requires a judgment call. When drawing milk,
remember a slight thickening of the first milk at the
teat end is not abnormal. Chunks and/or flakes
after the first squirt would be abnormal.
Excessively hot and/or cold udders, inflamed and
hard udders are candidates for disqualification.
Such does will usually exhibit general depression,
raised hair coat, irregular ear carriage, lusterless
eyes, etc.
9. Evidence of hermaphroditism or other inability to
reproduce can most often be observed by
examination of the vulva on junior does.
Abnormality in structure such as severe
enlargement, upturning and prominent, protruding
clitoris may be present. Conversely,
underdeveloped vulva is also possible. Other
physical signs in junior does can be excessively
small and underdeveloped teats and “bucky”
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appearing heads with excessive bone structure
throughout. Be very wary in calling this one. Note
that Rules Governing the Conduct of Official
Shows X11, G.2 prohibits exhibition of does over
24 months of age who have not freshened (i.e.,
given birth to a kid or fetus after at least 141 days
of gestation). This disqualification applies most
often to junior does. However, bucks whose penile
sheath has been re-routed due to urinary calculi
surgery would be covered by the statement, as well.
10. Permanent physical defect, such as navel hernia,
should be cautiously evaluated. In young kids,
navel ill can cause enlargement/inflammation of the
navel which may decrease with time. True hernia
exists when intestinal parts that are easily
retractable can be pushed back though a definite
opening, or break, in lower abdominal muscle
layers. Tendency to herniate is considered
hereditary, which is why disqualification is
applicable.
11. Crooked face on bucks is a gender upgrade of the
same conditions in does and considered genetic in
transmission.
12. Extra teat(s) that have been cut off on bucks is
another gender upgrade as in 11 prior.
13. Double orifice in teats of bucks is as 11 & 12
before.
14. Bucks with one testicle (cryptorchid) or with
abnormal testicles will have lower sperm
production and be lacking in reproductive
efficiency, even if fertile. It is normal for testicles
to hang slightly unevenly and vary moderately in
size. Excessively crystalline or hard to the touch,
excessively soft and spongy to the touch, and
atrophied testicles should be considered abnormal.
The foregoing has concluded discussion of the first major
category of general defects with its stages of defect from slight
– moderate – serious – very serious – disqualification. The
second major category of defects is breed specific. At times
parallelism does not exist in the grading of such defect from
breed to breed. For example, in the color set breeds.
Oberhasli, Saanen and Toggenburg, most all minor color
blemishes are of the same stage. Gender upgrade in severity
usually, but not always, applies to males. The varying wishes
of breed promotional clubs and their adopted breed standards
within the larger ADGA structure are the source of these
diversities in breed specific defect. Keep in mind that breed
specific defects are largely of an aesthetic nature and do not
impact productive longevity, exempting minimum height and
weight standards. The stage of a defect is not greater or lesser
for being breed specific or general category.
There is no first stage, i.e., slight breed specific defects.
Minimum height and weight standards, gender raised for
males, comprise the bulk of second stage, i.e., moderate, breed
specific defect. Height is measured at the wither perpendicular
from the ground. Weight varies greatly by season; females
heaviest in late pregnancy and males out of rut. Remember that
moderate stage defect has only a minor impact on placing and
as well that animals ought not to be penalized for deficient
height or weight until full productive maturity is reached at
four years of age. Very few animals in the population fail to
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achieve their minimal standards at maturity. In judging, a free
moving, structurally sound individual meeting minimal breed
standards often can and should be placed over much larger
individuals who do not move as soundly and display structural
incorrectness. There is no ceiling put on height and weight for
the standard breeds as size and strength are to be encouraged
as long as the animal remains balanced and sound in structure
and motion throughout. Excessively large animals in the
general population tend to be genetically self limiting anyway
due to reproductive complications.
Alpines, Nubians, Saanens, and Sables have uniform
minimum standards: does - height 30", weight 135 lbs.; bucks
- height 32", weight 170 lbs. Toggenburgs are allowed to be
smallest of the standard breeds: does - height 26", weight 120
lbs.; bucks - height 28", weight 150 lbs. LaManchas and
Oberhasli are intermediate, but not identical. LaManchas: does
- height 28", weight 130 lbs.; bucks - height 30", weight 160
lbs.; Oberhasli: does - height 28", weight 120 lbs.; bucks -
height 30", weight 150 lbs. Note that the range difference in
minimum height across all seven standard breeds is 4" for each
gender; range difference on weight across all seven standard
breeds is 15 lbs. for females and 20 lbs. for males. The height
for Nigerian Dwarfs a minimum of 17". Such analysis
demonstrates that breed specific variations in minimum
heights/weights are rather modest and emphasizes that breed
specific defect in these two areas is a moderate stage defect
and usually will have little impact on placing.
Other moderate stage breed specific defects vary in
nature but are all aesthetic. Alpine females, while not a color
set breed, are preferred not to look like Toggenburgs or
Saanens. This does not necessarily indicate does with such
color are severely penalized; rather that if all else is equal in
judging a pair of Alpine does, the white or Toggenburg
colored one could be second. I suppose however, that the color
correct doe has very bulbous teats, a slight to serious defect
under general category defects. In such a case, the non-
preferred colored doe could equally be first. Toggenburg does
with a few small white spots in their hair are similarly
evaluated. In both breeds, males are to be evaluated more
harshly for such color defect. A final moderate defect is a
straight face in Nubians, i.e., lack of convex nose bridge
structure. This defect is not gender specific and clearly
cosmetic.
The next stage of breed specific defect requires a
subjective judgment call as to degree. Roman noses, i.e.,
convex, arched nose bridge structure, can vary greatly in
degree in the seven breeds other than Nubians. The defect is
moderate to serious depending on degree. Roman noses on
breeds other than a Nubian are the only moderate to serious
stage breed specific defects.
A third stage of breed specific defects are considered
serious, i.e., ought to be reflected in placing, and all relate to
color blemishes, an aesthetic consideration. These include:
1. Alpine bucks with Toggenburg color and markings
or white bucks. (Note that cream color is not
itemized here.)
2. Oberhasli does with small white spots in hair.
3. Saanens of dark cream color or with several small
dark spots in hair, whether bucks or does-not
gender specific.
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4. Toggenburg does who are black, with white
stomach with a large white spot (1.5" or more in
any direction), and bucks with a few small white
spots in hair.
A fourth stage of breed specific defects is Very Serious
defects and ought to be reflected in a placing, even though
each is cosmetic. These three include 1) Nubians with a dished
face, or concave nose bridge structure; 2) Nubians with barely
drooping ears, often called “airplane ears” and held straight
out; and 3) Oberhasli bucks with small white spots in hair.
The fifth and final stage of breed specific defects is
Disqualifications, i.e., defects which disbar an animal from
placement, even though all these defects are
cosmetic/aesthetic. The concept is similar to a leopard without
spots not looking like a leopard. Individuals of a breed need to
carry the distinguishing characteristics of their breed. Some
parallelism exists here with regard to ears. Regardless of
breed, ears not true to breed type are a disqualification. For
Nubians, it is the stage beyond barely drooping or airplane
ears, those that are upright. For Alpines, Nigerian Dwarfs,
Oberhasli, Saanens, Sables, and Toggenburgs, pendulous ears
are to be disqualified. LaManchas have a gender difference:
bucks must be gopher eared, i.e., maximum length of one inch
with little or no cartilage; does ears cannot be more than two
inches in length. The remaining breed specific
disqualifications are color blemishes. In Oberhasli, bucks may
not be black (does may be black) and any color other than
chamoisee, ranging from light to a deep red bay with the latter
most desirable, in bucks and does. Large white spots (1.5" in
any direction) on either sex are also included. Saanens of
either sex with a large dark spot in hair (1.5" in any direction)
should also be disqualified. Note that this spot is to be in hair
and not a pigment factor on the skin. Large black or dark spots
are common skin pigmentation on Saanens, particularly those
exposed to much sunlight. Sables may be any color or
combination of colors except solid white or solid light cream.
Toggenburgs of either sex that are tri-colored (i.e., black,
brown & white) or piebald (white splashings on face and nose
beyond normal stripes on sides of nose to muzzle) are
disqualified. Additionally, disqualification applies to
Toggenburg bucks that are black, have white stomachs or have
a large white spot (1.5" or more in any direction). For Nigerian
Dwarfs, does over 22.5" in height are disqualified as well as
bucks over 23.5" in height. It is necessary for all judges to
determine that Nigerian Dwarf dairy goats meet the breed
standard for height. Judges are required to evaluate every
animal for height disqualification as they enter the ring.
In conclusion, evaluating defects while judging dairy
goats encompasses a multitude of details. Only when any
given defect reaches a stage of fourth or fifth severity, i.e.,
very serious or disqualification, does the defect necessarily
need to be reflected in a placing. Most often defects are of the
first three stages, slight to moderate to serious, and will tend to
trade off and balance each other in pair evaluation. Obviously,
the higher placing individual in any given pair should evidence
the fewer defects. Since there really is no ideal goat in the
population, one should look for the one with the fewest and
least significant defects.
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F. JUDGING MALES
by Allan L. Rogers
The buck is indeed half the herd, and it is appropriate that
he compete in the show ring. In judging does, we are assessing
the worth of the individual herself. Judging bucks is different,
however. While we assess his ability to be able to physically
reproduce, we primarily judge him as an individual only on those
features which will affect his offspring such as soundness, body
capacity, and dairy strength. Obviously, it is impossible to tell
how much milk his daughters will produce, their butterfat test, or
their length of lactation period.
Unfortunately, many bucks have not been raised properly;
consequently when they are brought into the show ring, they may
not present a true picture of their actual ability as a sire. Proper
nutrition, freedom from disease, and good environment can affect
a buck’s size of body development, and a lack of exercise can
certainly make his legs appear weak. When they are in the ring,
however, we have no choice but to judge them as we see them
and cannot say, “If this animal had been better fed, he would be
large enough, et cetera.”
Because he has no mammary development, the buck’s
appearance, dairy strength, and body capacity are all allotted
more points than they would be on an adult doe. In addition we
must also assess evidence of abilities to reproduce. We should
always remember, however, that the worth of a buck in the ring is
the sum of his good qualities and not a sum of his bad ones.
Appearance
He should display strength and masculinity without
coarseness. His lines should be clean cut, his parts should fit
together properly, and he should move alertly.
Dairy Strength
He should display angularity, openness, freedom from
beefiness, and animation.
Body Capacity
He should be large in proportion to size providing sample
strength and vigor.
Reproductive Organs
Testicles should be approximately the same size and both
carried in a strongly attached scrotum. He should have two
cylindrical teats of medium size, space well apart.
G. JUDGING GROUP CLASSES
Group classes may present various problems for the judge.
He/she should be looking for uniformity of good type. Color or
color patterns should only concern him/her with judging the
Saanen, Sable, Toggenburg, or Oberhasli breeds.
Remembering how the individuals placed in their respective
classes helps to speed up group class judging. In so doing it helps
to remember whether it was a strong or weak class in which the
individuals placed. An animal that placed fifth or sixth in a strong
class may be of better type than one who was first in a weak
class. Normally age and maturity have an advantage. However, if
a group of animals meets these requirements but is inferior in
conformation and breed characteristics, a judge is well-justified
in rejecting the group in favor of others that are outstanding in
type even though somewhat lacking in age and maturity.
Each animal in the group classes should be a better than
average one in order to make an outstanding group. In these
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classes there should be no weakness common to all the
individuals in the group, but rather uniformity in the strong
points.
In placing the Get of Sire class, some considerations should
be given to the number of dams represented in the group.
Likewise, when judging the Produce of Dam class, consideration
should be given to the number of sires represented in each group.
Triplets or repeated breedings of the same dam and sire do not
tell us from which parent the strength or weakness is coming.
In judging the Dairy Herd group the entire emphasis should
not be placed on the group the Judge feels has the most milk that
day. The group should consist of animals of uniformity good
type, excellent mammary systems and animals which will be able
to produce over the years without breaking down. Good aged
does with udders that have stood up well have an advantage over
young does. However, a Dairy Herd of three or four does
including a strong milking yearling with good udders should have
an advantage over a Herd of mature does with weaker mammary
systems.
In any group class where a Judge feels he/she has close
decision, he/she should feel free to ask the exhibitors to line their
animals up head to tail or to move them as a group.
H. GUIDE FOR JUDGES OF DAIRY GOAT
SHOWMANSHIP
I. The Job of Showmanship Judge is twofold—not
only to make placings as accurately and honestly as
possible according to merit, but also to help and
encourage by example, suggestion, and friendliness
the development of finer showmen and finer citizens.
II. Start of Show. If you feel it necessary, call the
exhibitors together for a word of instruction before the
competition begins. Then take your place in the center
of the ring as the contestants lead in their dairy goats.
III. Ring Procedure. As exhibitors lead in, direct them in
a circle—then into line side by side. Examine the goat
carefully—up and down the line. Request that the goat
be led—in lines or in circles, singly or together. Have
the contestants about-face the animals and
occasionally put them into head-to-fail sequence.
Request exhibitors to exchange animals for a few
minutes.
IV. Scoring. Be sure to examine the goat thoroughly
before scoring “Appearance of Animal.” In scoring
“Appearance of Exhibitor,” take into consideration
such things as how long he/she has been showing
goats in other classes already that day. Do not
consider conformation of the exhibitors’ animals in a
Showmanship Contest.
Preference should be given to the showman who
shows his/her animal to the best advantage while
remaining relatively inconspicuous himself.
V. Courtesy. Be courteous and helpful to the exhibitors
at all times. Be sure that directions are understood.
Try to avoid getting exhibitors into awkward
positions.
VI. Reasons. Be sure to keep in mind the reasons for your
placings and explain them thoroughly at the end of the
contest.
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VII. Remember—the most important person in the ring is
not you or the blue ribbon winner—but the one you
can help the most.
I. JUDGING OF 4-H GROOMING AND
SHOWMANSHIP
by Vivian Proctor
Judging of the Juniors is going to be asked of you with
increasing frequency. It demands more in many respects
than does the open division. Your attitude, accuracy of
reasons, and your appearance all gain in magnitude when
working with youngsters. Your decisions, whether right or
wrong, will be far-reaching, affecting the 4-H’er, their
parents, their leader, their club and the American Dairy
Goat Association.
Judging of 4-H Grooming and Showmanship is not
left to your personal preferences, likes or dislikes. If this
were so, it would be like judging the Breeds without an
ideal or standard. Just as we have the Conformation Score
Card and the Evaluation of Defects to guide our judging of
conformation and breed specifics, so we have the
Showmanship Score Card to guide our judging in that
division. By its use, and only by its use will the judging
throughout the country ever approach uniformity. You must
judge by the Score Card. It is the basis for all successful
dairy goat grooming and Showmanship judging. It is,
however, just that! The rest is up to your ability and
integrity as a Judge.
Don’t judge the animal’s conformation in the
Grooming and Showmanship classes.
Don’t overlook the importance of the white uniform.
Do remember to check the small details that are so
important yet so often overlooked such as the hooves, inside
the ears and the tail area.
Do have the youngsters change animals with one
another in the ring or they cannot qualify for the ADGA
certificate.
Do ask questions of the 4-H’er scaled to his/her age
and years of experience with dairy goats.
Don’t award a blue ribbon for any other reason than
that it is well deserved.
If possible, before the class, speak to the leaders in a
group to learn what their problems have been and what they
would like stressed.
XIV. OFFICIAL JUDGES
All official sanctioned ADGA shows shall be judged by a
certified ADGA judge (see Rules, Section XI, C-4). The
following rules address their training and certification, as well as
the standards by which judges must evaluate animals and conduct
themselves in that role.
A. RULES FOR ELIGIBILITY AS AN ADGA JUDGE
AND ADGA OBLIGATIONS
1. Anyone eighteen years of age or older on the
beginning day of the Training Conference who
currently holds an individual regular membership in
the ADGA is eligible to qualify for an ADGA Judging
License.
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2. They must have successfully completed an ADGA
Training Conference for Judges (see subsection B) or
used the alternative method of certification (see
subsection C).
3. They must have paid the license fee for ADGA Judges
each calendar year in advance.
4. The license fee is set by the Board of Directors.
5. All licensed judges shall be mailed a new ADGA
Guidebook annually. Show rule changes should be
sent to all judges.
6. The names, addresses, phone numbers, and renewal
dates for all certified judges will be published
annually in the ADGA Membership Directory.
7. A personal file will be kept on each judge, at the
ADGA office, containing a complete history and
complaints sustained by the Judges Committee.
B. RULES FOR CERTIFICATION AS AN ADGA JUDGE
There are 2 categories of Official ADGA Judges’ Licenses:
Apprentice and Full License. The Apprentice License has a
term of one year. A Full License has a term or two or four
years.
1. Candidates for License:
a. New candidates who have never held an ADGA
Judging License, only qualify for an Apprentice
License.
b. In order to participate as a candidate for a license
at a Judges Training Conference, one must have
attended a Pre-Judges’ Training Conference or
another Judges Training Conference within the
last 24 months.
c. For judges (not apprentices) who have forfeited
their license by not renewing when required (not
a failed license), and for those who may decide
at a future date to take the Judges Training
Conference to re-license, attending the Pre-JTC
is encouraged, but not required.
d. Candidates must have paid the judges training
conference fees.
e. For those candidates who have previously held a
Judge’s License (not an Apprentice License), but
are not currently licensed (due to either a
previously failed license or lapsed license), an
Apprentice License will not be required and the
term of license will be based on the candidate’s
scores.
f. Any candidate who has had their Judge’s
License revoked must start at the Apprentice
License level, no matter what their scores.
2. License Regulations:
a. All judges must renew their license. See chart
below for minimum license scoring
qualifications.
b. Successful candidates for license may opt to
have their license effective immediately or as of
the first of January of the following year. The
year of activation becomes year 1 of the license.
A licensing year runs from the date of activation
to December 31.
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c. If a currently licensed judge fails a Judges
Training Conference, the judge must
successfully pass another Judges Training
Conference within the same calendar year to be
considered to have a continuous license. If such
judge is taking the Judges Training Conference
early and the license expires in a subsequent
year, the license is still forfeited at the end of the
current calendar year, unless the judge
successfully passes another Judges Training
Conference within the current calendar year.
d. The names of Apprentice Judges are published
on a separate list in the ADGA Membership
Directory and on the ADGA website.
Apprentice Judges may only judge newly
organized shows or official shows where 200 or
less animals were shown the past year as
certified on the show application by the show
chairperson. At shows with more than one
sanction, the total for all sanctions shall not have
exceeded 200 animals.
e. A judge currently holding either a two or four
year license that is unable to attend the
convention Judges Training Conference (within
the year that license expires) due to an
extenuating circumstance shall have their license
and tenure extended until December 31
st
of the
following year. Extenuating circumstances
cover such things as hospitalization, death in the
family, and complications from major illness.
f. A judge holding a two or four year license with
an extenuating circumstance shall write to the
chairperson of the Judges Training, Assessment
& Licensing Committee detailing the
circumstance and requesting an extension
immediately, or as soon as possible after the
circumstance is known. Verification of the
details of the circumstance may be requested at
the discretion of the committee. If granted, such
a judge may continue to judge within the next
calendar year but will not accumulate additional
tenure for that year. Failure to successfully
complete a judges training conference within the
prescribed time, constitutes forfeiture of the
judging license.
3. Advanced Judge Candidate: ADGA Judges who
have successfully renewed their licenses three
consecutive times with a minimum of 13 years
continuous licensing are eligible to renew their
licenses by the Alternative Method of Renewal
beginning during either their 13
th
or 14
th
year of
tenure, depending on year of license expiration (see
rule 3C below). The final Judging License renewal
prior to being promoted to Advanced Judge’s status,
must be earned at the four (4) year license level;
minimum scores required: Written test—80%;
Presentation and Accuracy of Reasons—80%;
Placement of animals (8 classes of four)—85%. Years
served as Apprentice Judge, or as any other type of
provisional judge will not count towards tenure of
years of continuous licensing. This seminar is
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conducted by a moderator appointed by the Advanced
Judge’s Committee and consists of the following:
a. Discussion of:
(1) the Unified Scorecard for does, bucks and
junior does
(2) Evaluation of Defects
(3) Breed Characteristics
(4) Oral Reasons
(5) Rule Changes
(6) Judging Techniques (unusual circumstances,
etc.)
b. There will be provided one or more classes of
animals which each participant will place privately
and then debate the placings as a group to
determine final placings.
c. There will be a practice class or classes of group
classes with group debate.
These special seminars for Advanced Judges
shall be offered only at Annual Meetings during
odd numbered years with a minimum of one every
other year. Those Advanced Judges whose licenses
expire during even numbered years should renew a
year early to use this recertification method.
An alternate method of Advanced Judge
renewal allows a judge to attend a Pre-TC held in
conjunction with a scheduled Training Conference
and taught by an Advanced Judge while completing
a. through c. above. This alternate method is
available no more often than once every 8 years.
Currently licensed judges eligible for the
alternate recertification method who are unable to
attend a seminar due to extenuating circumstances,
shall have their license and tenure extended until
the next seminar is conducted. Extenuating
circumstances cover such things as hospitalization,
death in the family, complications from major
illness, etc., but do not cover a license expiring
during a non-seminar year. Advanced Judges with
extenuating circumstances should write a letter to
the chairperson of the Advanced Judges Committee
detailing those circumstances and requesting an
extension immediately, or as soon as possible, after
the circumstance. Verification of the details of the
circumstance may be requested upon the discretion
of the committee. Failure to use either the
Alternative Recertification Method or the regular
renewal program within the prescribed time
constitutes a forfeiture of their judging license.
Judges Emeriti and Master Judges Emeriti
may also attend the Advanced Judges Seminar at no
charge.
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Minimum Qualifying Scores to Attain & Advance License Level
Current
License
Level
Written
Test
Min
65%
each
part
Animal
Place-
ment
Oral Reasons
License
Awarded
Presen
-tation
Accur
-acy
None
75%
75%
70%
70%
Apprentice
(1 Year) *
Apprentice
75%
80%
75%
75%
2 Year
2 Year
80%
85%
80%
80%
4 Year
4 Year
80%
85%
80%
80%
4 Year**
*Eligible for other license, if other conditions
are met (see B.1.e.)
**Eligible for Advanced Judges Program, if other conditions
are met (see B.3.)
C. PRE-JUDGES TRAINING CONFERENCE
Definition: A pre-TC is a training program for breeders,
youth and possible future judges taught by one judged
authorized to do so by ADGA and consists of one full
day of instruction.
Content:
1. How to become an ADGA licensed dairy goat
Judge.
2. Code of ethics for Judges.
3. Oral reasons—why and how.
4. Terminology relating to dairy goats especially
judging and showing.
Minimum Qualifying Scores to Retain License Level
Current
License
Level
Written
Test
Min
65%
each
part
Animal
Place-
ment
Oral Reasons
License
Awarded
Presen
-tation
Accur
-acy
Apprentice
75%
75%
70%
70%
Apprentice
2 Year
75%
75%
70%
70%
2 Year
4 Year
75%
75%
70%
70%
4 Year
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5. How to judge individual dairy goats:
a. Parts of a dairy goat.
b. Scorecards—doe and buck.
c. Evaluation of defects.
d. Breed standards.
6. How to judge group classes.
7. How to judge males.
8. Rules governing official shows (brief overview).
9. Showmanship scorecard.
10. How to judge showmanship.
11. Judging techniques in the show ring.
12. Code of ethics for exhibitors and show committees.
13. Use of pictures or slides to actually place classes of
four animals.
14. Encouragement of participants to place and give
reasons on picture or slide classes.
15. If practicable, the use of live classes of four animals
for practice.
Requirements for Becoming a Licensed Pre-Training
Conference Instructor:
a. Six years of having a full ADGA judge’s license
and is currently at the four-year renewal level.
b. Attend the entire daylong session of Annual
Meeting Pre-TC, a Pre-TC held in conjunction with
a Special TC, or complete a Pre-TC Instructor
Certification Session held in conjunction with the
Advanced Judges Seminar.
c. Take the written test and pass with a minimum
score of 80 overall (70 in any one section).
d. The written test will be given at either the first day
of the Judges TC or before the Advanced Judges
Training. Contact the Advanced Judges Chair for
time and location if you are planning to become a
licensed Pre-TC instructor at the Advanced Judges
Seminar.
e. A separate $25 fee will be charged to participate in
becoming a Pre-TC instructor and a copy of the
Pre-TC Instructor materials will be provided free of
charge.
f. Renewal of the Pre-TC instructor license will be
every four years. For serious circumstances in
being unable to attend for renewal, the Pre-TC
instructor should notify the Judges Training,
Assessment & Licensing Committee Chair for a
possible one year grace period extension of the Pre-
TC instructor license.
How to Arrange for a Pre-TC: Any person or group
wishing to conduct a Pre-TC should first select an
instructor from the ADGA judges list and any judge with
an asterisk (*) in front of their name is licensed to
conduct a Pre-TC. Make arrangements with the Pre-TC
instructor directly for dates, fees, expense, needed
facilities and equipment. Then secure local arrangements
and set appropriate registration fees. For Pre-TCs held in
conjunction with a TC, the Pre-TC instructor will be
selected by the TC committee. The host group will be
responsible for the daily training fee of the Pre-TC
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instructor. The Judges Training, Assessment & Licensing
Committee will be responsible for travel and hotel
expenses. It is strongly suggested that Pre-TCs be widely
advertised so as many interested people as possible may
attend. The ADGA office should be notified by any
sponsoring person or organization of the time, place, and
instructor for any proposed Pre-TC and should also
receive a copy of the names and addresses of registered
participants within ten days after the Pre-TC is held.
D. TRAINING CONFERENCES
A Training Conference is a training and testing program
for breeders, youth and possible future judges as taught
by a panel of several experienced judges authorized to do
so by the Judges Training, Assessment & Licensing
Committee. It consists of one day of training and one day
of testing. Its primary purpose is to certify applicants for
judging licenses. The course may be audited or simply
observed by interested persons provided the appropriate
fees are paid. The content may be as follows:
1. A comprehensive written test will be given covering
all the subjects of the Pre-Training Conference. There
will be a review of the individual results.
2. A packet of materials pertaining to the profession will
be distributed with a discussion of the tools necessary
to be a successful judge.
3. Separate discussion sessions for experienced and
beginning judges may be held covering a variety of
topics of concern to each group.
4. Working in small groups, there will be evaluations of
additional picture and/or live animal classes, as well
as the construction and delivery of oral reasons for
these classes as groups and as individuals.
5. There will be a placement test of at least 8 live classes
of 4 dairy goats each. If time and circumstances allow,
there will be an opportunity to hear an official set of
reasons and review these classes.
6. There will also be, on an individual basis, an oral
presentation of reasons on at least 2 of the 8 live
classes to a panel of 2 or 3 experienced judges that
will score the reasons for accuracy and presentation on
a 100-point scale. Each individual’s work will be
personally discussed with the panel following each
presentation.
7. Candidate Registration Fees (determined by the
Judges Training, Assessment & Licensing Committee)
shall be used to pay:
1. All Training Conference Staff expenses as
specified by Standard ADGA Committee
Expense Guidelines.
2. Supplies, paperwork, copying, and other such
incidentals.
3. All food and beverage expenses for snacks and
lunch on days 1 and 2 for candidates, auditors,
spectators, staff, and day 2 for handlers and
animal providers.
8. Convention Registration Fees (determined by Annual
Meeting Committee/Local Host Group Committee)
shall be used to pay:
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1. All facilities needed for days 1 and 2 such as
fairgrounds rental, activity tent, and classrooms.
2. All A/V, flip charts, screens, etc., needed for day
1 classrooms.
3. Transportation for candidates, auditors,
spectators, and handlers to the day 2 site.
4. Transportation and housing costs for all animals
needed on days 1 and 2.
5. Fees such as insurance, permits, variances,
health papers, hay, feed, straw, shavings, and
pen cleaning
6. Other incidentals as needed.
How to Arrange for a Training Conference: A group
wishing to submit an application to conduct a special Judges
Training Conference, not held in conjunction with an
Annual Meeting, should contact both the ADGA Office and
Judges Training, Assessment & Licensing Committee
Chairperson. They will first provide you with the necessary
information to fully understand the obligations of holding a
Training Conference. They will work with you to arrange a
suitable date and location, and provide information on the
costs, charges, equipment, facilities, labor, and numbers of
animals necessary to carry out a successful session. After
tentative plans are made, a written contract will be signed
by both parties. The sponsoring organization shall agree to
pay the ADGA according to one of the following alternative
contracts which they will choose, based upon the number of
candidates expected.
Clerk & Panel Contract Cost
Candidates Manager Size Special
0-25 1 & 1 3 $5,000
26 or more 2 & 1 6 $7,500
For the specified fee, ADGA will agree to provide the
number of panel members, clerks and/or managers and
supporting paperwork, exams, etc. The sponsoring
organization will be responsible for additional expenses,
such as facilities, AV equipment, handlers and goat
expenses. Further, the sponsoring organization will allow no
more candidates to participate in the Training Conference
than is specified in the contract. Special training
conferences should usually not be scheduled in any given
calendar year within a 1000 mile radius of the Convention
site for that calendar year.
The annual meeting host group will work with ADGA
to provide necessary facility, equipment, handlers and
animals. Approved itemized expenses should be submitted
to ADGA for reimbursement after the event. Fee schedule
should be set with the Judges Training, Assessment &
Licensing Committee prior to publication of such fees and
after a preliminary budget has been drafted.
Directors and currently licensed judges who are not
renewing or obtaining a license, Judges Emeriti and Master
Judges Emeriti are allowed to attend Pre-Training
Conferences, Intermediate Training Conferences, and
Training Conferences at the Annual Meeting without
charge.
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E. JUDGE’S PLEDGE OF ELIGIBILITY AND ETHICS
1. ELIGIBILITY
“I hereby declare that I am eighteen years of age or over as
of the beginning day of this Training Conference, and
currently hold an individual regular membership in ADGA.
I understand that any official judging privileges granted me
as a result of my participation in this conference are void
unless my membership is kept in good standing and the fee
for my Judge’s License is paid each year. I agree that the
ADGA office may bill me for these fees or take them from
my Advance Payment Account.
I also pledge to promptly dispatch all show reports to the
ADGA Office and to keep the ADGA office informed of
my current address.
If granted a license, I pledge to fulfill all other
responsibilities of an Official ADGA Judge faithfully, and
to abide by the Judge’s Code of Ethics.”
2. ETHICS
“As an officially licensed Judge, I am a
representative of the American Dairy Goat Association.
Therefore, at ADGA shows, I will refrain from
inappropriate behavior whether as a Judge, an exhibitor,
or as a spectator. I will evaluate all dairy goats and
exhibitors in strict accordance with ADGA Rules, Breed
Standards, Scorecards, and the Evaluation of Defects, not
my personal preferences. I shall always strive to improve
my judging skills and will not, in any way, solicit
judging assignments. As an ADGA Judge, I shall seek to
inspire confidence in my abilities through my
appearance, my evaluations, my presentations, and my
relations with show officials, exhibitors and spectators
throughout my professional career.
I certify that I have not been finally adjudicated and
found guilty, nor entered a plea of guilty or nolo
contendere, in a criminal prosecution under the laws of
any state of the United States, whether or not sentence is
imposed, for any felony involving a sexual offense
violation.
I understand a background check may be conducted
for verification purposes.”
All licensed judges shall be required to file a Pledge of
Eligibility and Ethics annually, postmarked/faxed
/emailed on or before December 31 of each year.
However, a late filing would be accepted up to sixty days
later, but must be accompanied by a penalty fee of $50. If
the Pledge is not filed with the ADGA office by that later
date, the respective judge’s license shall be indefinitely
suspended until brought current or until the license
expires. A judge’s license shall be automatically revoked
if an offense occurs during the term of the license.
Written notification of an offense may be provided to the
Judges Committee, accompanied by evidence of such
offense, such as listing on either the national or a state
sex crimes offender list available via internet access. If
confirmation of the alleged offense is found on any such
list, the license shall be immediately and automatically
revoked and the judge notified of the action taken.
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The above Pledge of Eligibility and Ethics must be
included on the application to participate in a Judges
Training Conference and must be signed by the
applicant.
Judges should use social media judiciously
realizing that social media is a highly public medium.
F. JUDGES RECOGNITION PROGRAM: The
American Dairy Goat Association conducts the following
Judges’ Recognition Program, to be administered by the
Advanced Judges’ Committee and paid out of Judges’
license fees:
1. Certificate of Recognition: A certificate, suitable
for framing, will be issued to every Judge licensed
by ADGA upon successful passing of the Training
Conference and payment of fees. This certificate
shall acknowledge that the bearer has met the basic
requirements for licensing by the Association.
2. ADGA Advanced Judges: A certification suitable
for framing will be sent to each Judge who
advances to this status. This certificate shall
acknowledge that the bearer has met the basic
requirements to be an Advanced Judge. Certificate
to be updated at 20th, 25th, 30th, 35th, etc.,
anniversary of licensing.
3. Other Recognition: Divided into two divisions for
retired or retiring ADGA Judges.
a. Judge Emeritus/Emerita Award:
Criteria:
(1) Minimum of 60 years of age.
(2) Minimum of 20 years of active licensing
with ADGA.
(3) Awarded automatically when license is
not renewed and the above criteria is
met.
Award: Suitable for framing.
b. Master Judge Emeritus/Emerita Award:
Criteria:
(1) Minimum of 60 years of age.
(2) Minimum of 20 years of active ADGA
continuous licensing.
(3) Must be retired or retiring from active
judging/not renewing.
(4) Nominations received by Advanced
Judges Committee.
(5) Selected and awarded by Advanced
Judges Committee. Selection based on
merit of candidate.
(6) Not more than one (1) awarded per year
(after initial year). Does not have to be
awarded annually. Award will be a wall
plaque indicating area of service to
industry.
G. COMPLAINTS, HEARINGS, AND ENFORCEMENT
PROCEDURES
1. The Judges Committee is empowered to investigate,
hear and decide written complaints from persons in
attendance at a show or referrals from ADGA Shows
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Committee (see Article XII.M.4). All complaints shall
be in writing and filed by U.S. mail with the
chairperson of the Judges Committee, or President if
the chairperson is party to the complaint, postmarked
within 90 days of occurrence. When referred from
ADGA Shows Committee an email or letter detailing
problems with the judge from the chairperson of
ADGA Shows Committee, or President if the
chairperson is party to the complaint, within 90 days
of ADGA Shows Chair given the information from the
office, shall suffice as the written complaint. It is
suggested that all complaints be accompanied by a
completed complaint cover sheet which is available in
the forms section of the ADGA website or upon
request to the association manager. The date of filing
shall be the date of postmark of the complaint. The
complainant may request when filing the complaint, to
remain anonymous to the judge (not the Judges
committee) while it is determined if the complaint
should be pursued. If the complaint goes to a hearing,
the complainant will be identified to the judge, the
Board of Directors and other individuals deemed
necessary. The chairperson will forward a copy of the
complaint to the Judge who is the subject of the
complaint (“the Respondent”) within 30 days of the
postmark of the complaint. A copy of the complaint
shall be sent to the Respondent by certified U.S. mail,
return receipt requested. The Respondent shall file a
written response to the complaint with the Judges
Committee Chairperson within 30 days of receipt of
the complaint. If the complaint sent by certified U.S.
mail is returned unclaimed, a second attempt to
provide a copy of the complaint to the Respondent
shall be made by certified U.S. mail, return receipt
requested. If the Respondent fails to respond within 30
days of receipt of the complaint or fails to claim the
complaint sent by certified mail after the second
attempt, the Respondent’s license will be suspended
for one year. This suspension will begin upon the
completion of the Respondent’s sanctions already on
file in the ADGA office or upon the expiration of the
30-day time for filing a response to the complaint,
whichever is later. The Judges Committee
chairperson shall immediately notify the ADGA office
of the suspension and the date on which it
commenced. If the Respondent whose license has
been suspended does not provide a written response to
the ADGA office during the period of suspension, the
Respondent’s license shall be revoked. (See Article
XII.M. for additional information.)
2. If a response to the complaint is filed and the Judges
Committee determines that the complaint should
be pursued, written notice of the time and place of
a hearing shall be forwarded to Respondent and
Complainant with a copy of complaint and response.
Said notice shall be mailed to the Respondent by
certified U.S. mail, return receipt requested, at least 30
days prior to the date of the hearing. If, during the
Judges Committee review of the complaint, additional
allegations are discovered which could serve as the
basis for a complaint, then the Judges Committee may
include any supplemental allegations not included in
137
the original complaint as additional grounds for
discipline. The supplemental allegations shall be
included with the notice to the Respondent of the
hearing date and time. If the Judges Committee
determines the complaint should be pursued, the
complaint will be processed and acted upon by the
Judges Committee, even if the Complainant
withdraws the complaint at a later time. If the
Respondent has received notice of the allegations
made and notice of the hearing date, failure to strictly
comply with the procedural requirements of Article
XIV.G shall not be a defense to the allegations made
against Respondent.
3. Said hearing shall be held by the Judges Committee
members in attendance at the next ADGA Annual
Meeting, prior to the meeting of the Board of
Directors, unless the Respondent and the Judges
Committee
4. upon an alternate time and place. If there are less than
three Judges Committee members present at the
Annual Meeting, the President will appoint a member
of another ADGA committee to sit on the panel at the
hearing to bring the Committee number to three. The
Respondent has the option to waive his/her right to a
hearing in writing. If a hearing is waived, the Judges
Committee shall recommend a course of action
directly to the Board of Directors without further
process or procedure. The Judges Committee’s
recommendations may range from no action, letter of
concern, written reprimand, suspension or license
revocation.
5. The Board of Directors, upon recommendation from
the Judges Committee, reserves the right to impose
discipline against the Respondent’s license at any time
after the hearing or, if the right to a hearing has been
waived, at any time after notice of the written waiver
has been received by the Board of Directors. The
Board of Directors’ range of discipline is the same as
that of the Judges Committee, but the discipline
imposed may be different than that recommended by
the Judges Committee.
6. Any letter of concern or reprimand for misconduct
or incompetence, including deviations from the Pledge
of Ethics, referred to the Board of Directors by the
Judges Committee or failure to follow correct
procedure and appropriate supervision of Reports of
Awards referred to the Board of Directors by the
Official Shows Committee, may be listed as a strike
against the Respondent at the discretion of the Board
of Directors. When three strikes are accumulated
against the Respondent within a ten-year period from
the first date of occurrence, the Respondent’s license
shall be revoked. After revocation, the Respondent
initially is eligible only to obtain an apprentice
license.
138
ENFORCEMENT PROVISION
The Judges Committee is empowered to investigate and to
as a trial board to review written complaints from anyone who
was in attendance at the show involved and recommend to the
Board of Directors action on deviations from the Pledge of
Ethics. The committee’s recommendations may range from a
written reprimand to revocation of the license, depending on the
seriousness of the charge.
139
H. SUGGESTED STANDARDS OF ATTIRE AND
APPEARANCE
As representatives of the American Dairy Goat Association,
judges should carefully consider attire and appearance for judging
shows. To convey professionalism, the formality of attire should
be scaled to the prestige of the show and the expectations of the
show committee and exhibitors. Clothing should be practical to
allow comfort and freedom of movement, but not exhibitionist,
including clothing that might allow inappropriate exposure of
skin or be excessively tight or loose. Suggestions include: suits,
blazers, dress shirt and tie, dress pants for higher-end shows and
fairs; casual-wear shirts or blouses, polo-type shirts, khakis,
slacks, and sweaters for smaller club shows. Clothing not
recommended includes: shorts or Capri pants, skirts above knee
length, sweat-suits, see-through material or bare-look attire, low-
cut shirts or blouses, blue denim jeans, open-toed shoes or
sandals, white tennis shoes, dirty clothing or clothing with
damage. Appearance is a more personal issue, but in brief, we
expect exhibitors and animals to be fit, clean, and clipped, and
they should expect no less from judges.
Article XV. Parts of a Dairy Goat
140
141
XVI. BREED STANDARDS
(See also VIII.A.10.)
ALPINE
The Alpine Dairy Goat is also referred to as the French
Alpine and registration papers for this dairy goat use both
designations and they are synonymous. The Alpine dairy goat is a
medium to large size animal, alertly graceful, with erect ears,
offering all colors and combinations of colors with distinction
and individuality of appearance. They are hardy, adaptable
animals that thrive in any climate while maintaining good health
and excellent production. The hair is medium to short. The face is
straight. A Roman nose, Toggenburg color and markings, or all-
white is discriminated against. Alpine colors are described by
using the following terms:
COU BLANC (coo blanc)—literally “white neck”—white
front quarters and black hindquarters with black or gray markings
on the head.
COU CLAIR (coo clair)—literally “clear neck”—front
quarters are tan, saffron, off-white, or shading to gray with black
hindquarters.
COU NOIR (coo nwah)—literally “black neck”—black
front quarters and white hindquarters.
SUNDGAU (sundgow)—black with white markings such as
underbody, facial stripes, etc.
PIED—spotted or mottled.
CHAMOISEE(shamwahzay)—brown or bay—
characteristic markings are black face, dorsal stripe, feet and legs,
and sometimes a martingale running over the withers and down to
the chest. Spelling for male is chamoise.
TWO-TONE CHAMOISEE—light front quarters with
brown or gray hindquarters. This is not a cou blanc or cou clair as
these terms are reserved for animals with black hindquarters.
BROKEN CHAMOISEE—a solid chamoisee broken with
another color by being banded or splashed, etc.
Any variation in the above patterns broken with white
should be described as a broken pattern such as a broken cou
blanc.
GUERNSEY
The Guernsey dairy goat was developed using genetics from
the rare Golden Guernsey Goats, an official dairy breed registered
with the British Goat Society.
The Guernsey dairy goat is medium in size. The ears are
erect and often set slightly lower than Swiss breeds and carried
horizontally, or forward in what is termed the "bonnet" position
when viewed in profile. Ear tips can be slightly upturned. The
ears must not be pendulous. The nose should be either straight or
dished.
The Guernsey coat/hair color should be shades of gold,
ranging from very pale flaxen cream to deep russet or bronze.
Full or partial roaning; white patches; white face; star/blaze are
acceptable. The golden body color should be dominant, with no
preference shown to any shade or pattern. Hair may be short or
long and flowing or a combination of both. A long curtain, skirt,
and/or dorsal fringe of body hair are desirable, although not
required to meet standard.
Skin color must display a gold tone, ranging from peachy-
flesh to orange-gold in one or more of these places; muzzle, ears,
eyes, under tail, mammary or scrotum.
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Swiss facial stripes and/or rump marking; black markings or
spots over 1 1⁄2 inches are not allowed.
LAMANCHA
The LaMancha goat was developed in the U.S.A. It has
excellent dairy temperament and is an all-around sturdy animal
that can withstand a great deal of hardship and still produce.
Through official testing this breed has established itself in milk
production with high butterfat.
The LaMancha face is straight with the ears being the
distinctive breed characteristic. There are two types of LaMancha
ears. In does one type of ear has no advantage over the other.
1. The “gopher ear” is described as follows: an
approximate maximum length of one inch (2.54 cm)
but preferably nonexistent and with very little or no
cartilage. The end of the ear must be turned up or
down. This is the only type of ear which will make
bucks eligible for registration.
2. The “elf ear” is described as follows: an approximate
maximum length of two inches (5.08 cm) is allowed,
the end of the ear must be turned up or turned down
and cartilage shaping the small ear is allowed.
3. The ear is to be measured with a rigid measure placed
firmly against the head at the base of the ear that is
neither pulled nor stretched. Natural folds and creases
of the ear are to be unaltered during measurement.
Any color or combination of colors is acceptable with no
preferences. The hair is short, fine and glossy.
NIGERIAN DWARF
The Nigerian Dwarf is a miniature breed of dairy goat
originating in West Africa and developed in the United States.
The balanced proportions of the Nigerian Dwarf give it the
appearance of the larger breeds of dairy goats, but does stand no
more than 22.5" (57cm) and bucks no more than 23.5" (60cm).
Any color or combination of colors is acceptable. The medium
length ears are erect and alert. The face is either straight or
dished, and the hair is short and fine. (Refer to Appendix
“Measuring the Nigerian Dwarf Breed)
NUBIAN
The Nubian is a relatively large, proud, and graceful dairy
goat of mixed Asian, African, and European origin, known for
high quality, high butterfat, milk production.
The head is the distinctive breed characteristic, with the
facial profile between the eyes and the muzzle being strongly
convex (Roman nose). The ears are long (extending at least one
inch [2.54 cm] beyond the muzzle when held flat along the face),
wide and pendulous. They lie close to the head at the temple and
flare slightly out and well forward at the rounded tip, forming a
“bell” shape. The ears are not thick, with the cartilage well
defined. The hair is short, fine and glossy. Any color or colors,
solid or patterned, is acceptable.
OBERHASLI
The Oberhasli is a Swiss dairy goat. This breed is a medium
size, vigorous and alert in appearance. Its color is chamoisee.
Does may be black but chamoisee is preferred. Chamoisee is
described as: Bay—ranging from light to a deep red bay with the
143
latter most desirable. A few white hairs through the coat and
about the ears are permitted. Markings are to be: two black stripes
down the face from above each eye to a black muzzle; forehead
nearly all black, black stripes from the base of each ear coming to
a point just back of the poll and continuing along the neck and
back as a dorsal stripe to the tail; a black belly and light gray to
black udder; black legs below the knees and hocks; ears black
inside and bay outside. Bucks often have more black on the head
than does, black whiskers, and black hair along the shoulder and
lower chest with a mantle of black along the back. Bucks
frequently have more white hairs through the coat than does. Ears
should be erect and alertly carried. The face is straight or dished.
A Roman nose is discriminated against.
SAANEN
The Saanen dairy goat originated in Switzerland. It is
medium to large in size with rugged bone and plenty of vigor.
Does should be feminine, however, and not coarse. Saanens are
white or light cream in color, with white preferred. Spots on the
skin are not discriminated against. Small spots of color on the
hair are allowable, but not desirable. The hair should be short and
fine, although a fringe over the spine and thighs is often present.
Ears should be erect and alertly carried, preferably pointing
forward. The face should be straight or dished. A tendency
toward a Roman nose is discriminated against.
SABLE
The Sable dairy goat is medium to large in size with rugged
bone and plenty of vigor. Does should be feminine, however, and
not coarse. Their hair is short; ears should be erect and alertly
carried, preferably pointing forward. The face should be straight
or dished.
The Sable may be any color or combination of colors, solid
or patterned, EXCEPT solid white or solid light cream.
TOGGENBURG
The Toggenburg is a Swiss dairy goat from the Toggenburg
Valley of Switzerland. This breed is of medium size, sturdy,
vigorous, and alert in appearance. The hair is short to long in
length, soft and fine. Its color is solid, varying from light fawn to
dark chocolate with no preference for any shade. Distinct white
markings are as follows: white ears with dark spot in middle; two
white stripes down the face from above each eye to the muzzle;
hind legs white from hocks to hooves; forelegs white from knees
downward with dark vertical stripe below knee acceptable; a
white triangle on each side of the tail; white spot may be present
at root of wattles or in that area if no wattles are present. Varying
degrees of cream markings instead of pure white acceptable, but
not desirable. The ears are erect and carried forward. Facial lines
may be dished or straight, never Roman.
XVII. EVALUATION OF DEFECTS—SUMMARY
(See XIII for additional information.)
BREED SPECIFICS
MODERATE DEFECTS
Alpine
Mature does less than—
Minimum height (30 in./76 cm)
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Minimum weight (135 lbs./61.36 kg)
Mature bucks less than—
Minimum height (32 in./81 cm)
Minimum weight (170 lbs./77.27 kg)
Does with Toggenburg color and markings
Does with all white color
Guernsey
Mature does less than—
Minimum height (26 in / 66 cm)
Minimum weight (120 lbs / 54.54 kg)
Mature bucks less than—
Minimum height (28 in / 71 cm)
Minimum weight (150 lbs / 68.18 kg)
LaMancha
Mature does less than—
Minimum height (28 in./71 cm)
Minimum weight (130 lbs./59.09 kg)
Mature bucks less than—
Minimum height (30 in.761 cm)
Minimum weight (160 lbs./72.72 kg)
Nigerian Dwarf
Mature does less than—
Minimum height (17 in./47cm)
Mature bucks less than—
Minimum height (17 in./47cm)
(Refer to Appendix “Measuring the Nigerian Dwarf
Breed)
Nubian
Mature does less than—
Minimum height (30 in./76 cm)
Minimum weight (135 lbs./61.36 kg)
Mature bucks less than—
Minimum height (32 in./81 cm)
Minimum weight (170 lbs./77.27 kg)
Straight face
Oberhasli
Mature does less than—
Minimum height (28 in./71 cm)
Minimum weight (120 lbs./54.54 kg)
Mature bucks less than—
Minimum height (30 in./76 cm)
Minimum weight (150 lbs./68.18 kg)
Saanen
Mature does less than—
Minimum height (30 in./76 cm)—Minimum
weight (135 lbs./61.36 kg)
Mature bucks less than—
Minimum height (32 in./81 cm)—Minimum
weight (170 lbs./77.27 kg)
Sable
Mature does less than—
Minimum height (30 in./76 cm)
Minimum weight (135 lbs./61.36 kg)
Mature bucks less than—
145
Minimum height (32 in./81 cm)
Minimum weight (170 lbs./77.27 kg)
Toggenburg
Mature does less than—
Minimum height (26 in./66 cm)
Minimum weight (120 lbs./54.54 kg)
Mature bucks less than—
Minimum height (28 in./71 cm)
Minimum weight (150 lbs./68.18 kg)
Few small white spots in hair of does
MODERATE TO SERIOUS DEFECTS
Alpine
Roman nose
Guernsey
Roman nose (depending upon degree)
LaMancha
Roman nose
Nigerian Dwarf
Roman nose
Oberhasli
Roman nose
Saanen
Roman nose
Sable
Roman nose
Toggenburg
Roman nose
SERIOUS DEFECTS
Alpine
Bucks with Toggenburg color and markings
Bucks with all white color
Oberhasli
Small white spots in hair of does
Saanen
Dark cream color
Several small dark spots in hair
Toggenburg
Black color in does
White stomach on does
Large white spot (1-1/2" [3.8 cm] or more in any
direction) on does
Few small white spots in hair of bucks
VERY SERIOUS DEFECTS
Guernsey
Black hairs in the coat
Dominantly white coat on mature does
Nubian
Dished face
Barely drooping ears
Oberhasli
Small white spots in hair of bucks
146
GENERAL DEFECTS
(depending upon degree on a comparative basis)
SLIGHT TO SERIOUS
1. Large scurs or stubs
2. Undershot or overshot jaw
3. Enlarged knees; nondisabling lameness
4. Bowed over front knees, buck kneed
5. Small boned for body size
6. Loose, winged or heavy shoulders
7. Narrow chest or pinched heart girth
8. Short, shallow or narrow body
9. Low backed or steep rumped
10. Broken or wry tail
11. Close in hocks
12. Swollen hocks
13. Swollen stifle joint
14. Postiness
15. Hind legs close together
16. Sprung pasterns
17. Turned out or crooked feet
18. Udder of beefy texture or with pocket
19. Front, rear or side udder attachment lacking
20. Separation between halves of udder or presence of
scar tissue
21. Teats that are:
a. Set close together
b. Bulbous
c. Extremely large or small
d. Pointed sideways
e. Uneven in size
f. Having small streams or otherwise hard to milk
g. Not clearly separated from the udder
VERY SERIOUS DEFECTS
1. Udder
a. Pendulous
b. Too distended to determine texture
c. Hard or swollen (except in does just fresh)
d. So uneven that one-half is less than half the size
of the other
e. Udder lacking size
f. Double orifice in teat of doe
g. Extra teat or teats that have been cut off on does
h. Leaking orifice
i. Misplaced orifice
2. Crooked face on does
3. Very crooked or malformed feet
DISQUALIFICATIONS
GENERAL
1. Total blindness
2. Serious emaciation
147
3. Permanent lameness or difficulty in walking
4. Blind or nonfunctioning half of udder
5. Blind teat
6. Double teat(s)
7. Extra teat(s) that interferes with milking
8. Active mastitis/any other cause of abnormal milk
9. Evidence of hermaphroditism or other inability to
reproduce
10. Permanent physical defects, such as naval hernia
11. Crooked face on bucks
12. Extra teat(s) or teat(s) that have been cut off on bucks
13. Double orifice in teats of bucks
14. Buck with one testicle or with abnormal testicles
BREED SPECIFICS
Alpine
Pendulous ears
LaMancha type ears
Guernsey
No gold tone to skin found on muzzle, ears, eyes,
under tail, mammary or scrotum.
Swiss facial stripes and/or rump marking (as on
Toggenburg or Oberhasli breeds)
Black markings or spots in the hair over 1 1⁄2 inches
(3.8 cm) in any direction.
Pendulous ears
LaMancha type ears
All white coat on mature does
All white or dominantly white coat on bucks
LaMancha
Anything other than gopher ears on bucks
Ears other than true LaMancha type on does
Nigerian Dwarf
Pendulous ears
LaMancha type ears
Mature does over 22.5" (57cm), Mature bucks over
23.5" (60cm)
(Refer to Appendix “Measuring the Nigerian Dwarf
Breed”)
Nubian
Anything other than pendulous ears
Oberhasli
Pendulous ears
LaMancha type ears
Black bucks
Large white spot (1-1/2" [3.8 cm] or more in any
direction)
Any color other than chamoisee (or black in does)
Saanen
Large (1-1/2" [3.8 cm] or more in any direction) dark
spot in hair
Pendulous ears
LaMancha type ears
148
Sable
Pendulous ears
LaMancha type ears
Solid white color
Solid light cream color
Toggenburg
Tricolor or piebald
Black bucks
White stomachs on bucks
Large white spot (1-1/2" [3.8 cm] or more in any
direction) on bucks
Pendulous ears
LaMancha type ears
Recorded Grades: A doe for which the recordation
certificate specifies a breed-specific type should be faulted only
when the breed character defect(s) would be regarded as a
disqualification. The amount of this fault to be applied to a
recorded grade should be as if it were a very serious defect.
149
XVIII. ADGA SCORECARD
The goal of the Unified Scorecard is to aid in the selection
of the type of dairy goat that can function efficiently over a long
productive lifetime.
APPLICATIONS OF SCORECARD
TO SENIOR DOES, JUNIOR DOES, AND BUCKS
Senior does and junior does are to be evaluated identically
for general appearance and dairy strength, giving due regard to
the advantage of structural correctness maintained into full
maturity.
In considering the body capacity of junior does, as
compared to senior does, slightly more emphasis should be
placed on chest than barrel since extreme depth and width of
barrel, particularly in the flank, can be a sign of overmaturity for
the age. Although junior does have no points assigned for
mammary system, very serious defects are discriminated against.
No comment should be made on precocious udders, unless such
an udder shows clinical signs of potential health abnormalities.
In evaluating the general appearance of bucks, heavier
emphasis should be placed on front end assembly and legs,
pasterns, and feet. Correctness and smoothness of movement
assume a higher priority in males. Bucks can be expected to carry
more weight when out of rut; their body capacity evaluation,
particularly barrel, will be affected most by this phenomenon.
Comment on the mammary system of a buck should be restricted
to items listed as disqualifications in the evaluation of defects.
Buck teats of normal structure yet with milk should not be
discriminated against.
150
ADGA
SCORECARD
POINTS
SR.
DOE
JR.
DOE
BUCK
A.
GENERAL APPEARANCE
An attractive framework with femininity
(masculinity in bucks), strength, upstandingness,
length, and smoothness of blending throughout that
create an impressive style and graceful walk.
35
55
55
Head & Breed Characteristics—clean-cut and
balanced in length, width, and depth; broad muzzle
with full nostrils; well-sculpted, alert eyes; strong
jaw with angular lean junction to throat; appropriate
size, color, ears, and nose to meet breed standard.
5
10
8
Front End Assembly—prominent withers arched to
point of shoulder with shoulder blade, point of
shoulder, and point of elbow set tightly and
smoothly against the chest wall both while at rest
and in motion; deep and wide into chest floor with
moderate strength of brisket.
5
8
10
Back—strong and straight with well-defined
vertebrae throughout; taller at withers than hips,
and level chine with full crops into a straight, wide
loin; wide hips smoothly set and level with chine
and loin.
5
7
6
Rump—strong, uniformly wide and nearly level
from hips to pinbones and thurl to thurl; thurls set
two-thirds of the distance from hips to pinbones;
well defined and wide pinbones set slightly lower
than the hips; tailhead slightly above and smoothly
set between pinbones; tail symmetrical to body and
free from coarseness; vulva normal in size and
shape in females(normal sheath and testes in
males).
5
7
6
Legs, Pasterns & Feet—bone flat and strong
throughout leading to smooth, free motion; front
legs with clean knees, straight, wide apart and
squarely placed; rear legs wide apart and straight
from the rear and well angulated in side profile
through the stifle to cleanly molded hocks, nearly
perpendicular from hock to strong, yet flexible
pastern of medium length; strong feet with tight
toes, pointed directly forward; deep heels with sole
nearly uniform in depth from toe to heel.
15
23
25
B.
DAIRY STRENGTH
Long bone pattern throughout. Openness and
angularity with strong yet refined and clean bone
structure, showing enough substance, but with
freedom from coarseness and with evidence of
milking ability giving due regard to stage of
lactation (of breeding season in bucks).
Neck—long, lean, and blending smoothly into the
shoulders; clean-cut throat and brisket with
adequate width of chest floor to support
maintenance of body functions.
Withers—prominent and wedge-shaped with the
dorsal process arising slightly above the shoulder
blades.
Ribs —flat, flinty, wide apart, and long; lower rear
ribs should angle to flank.
Flank—deep, yet arched and free of excess tissue.
Thighs—in side profile, moderately incurving from
pinbone to stifle; from the rear, clean and wide
apart, highly arched and out-curving into the
escutcheon to provide ample room for the udder
and its attachment.
Skin—thin, loose, and pliable with soft, lustrous
hair.
20
30
30
151
ADGA
®
SCORECARD
POINTS
SR.
DOE
JR.
DOE
BUCK
C.
BODY CAPACITY
Large in proportion to size, age, and period of
lactation of animal (of breeding season for bucks),
providing ample capacity, strength, and vigor.
10
15
15
Chest—deep and wide, yet clean-cut, with well
sprung foreribs, full in crops and at point of elbow.
4
7
7
Barrel—strongly supported, long, deep, and wide;
depth and spring of rib increasing into a deep yet
refined flank
6
8
8
D.
MAMMARY SYSTEM
Strongly attached, elastic, well-balanced with
adequate capacity, quality, ease of milking, and
indicating heavy milk production over a long period
of usefulness.
35
Udder Support—strong medial suspensory ligament
that clearly defines the udder halves, contributes to
desirable shape and capacity, and holds the entire
udder snugly to the body and well above the hocks.
Fore, rear, and lateral attachments must be strong
and smooth.
13
Fore Udder—wide and full to the side and
extending moderately forward without excess non-
lactating tissue and indicating capacity, desirable
shape, and productivity.
5
Rear Udder—capacious, high, wide, and arched
into the escutcheon; uniformly wide and deep to the
floor; moderately curved in side profile without
protruding beyond the vulva.
7
Balanced, Symmetry & Quality—in side profile,
one-third of the capacity visible in front of the leg,
one-third under the leg, and one-third behind the
leg; well-rounded with soft, pliable, and elastic
texture that is well collapsed after milking, free of
scar tissue, with halves evenly balanced.
6
Teats—uniform size and of medium length and
diameter in proportion to capacity of udder,
cylindrical in shape, pointed nearly straight down or
slightly forward, and situated two-thirds of the
distance from the medial suspensory ligament on
the floor of each udder-half to the side, indicating
ease of milking.
4
TOTAL
100
100
100
152
ADGA
SCORECARD
Points
Sub-
Total
E.
SHOWMANSHIP
1.
APPEARANCE OF ANIMAL
40
Condition and Thriftiness—showing
normal growth—neither too fat nor too
thin.
10
Hair—clean and properly groomed.
Hoofs—trimmed and shaped to enable
animal to walk and stand naturally.
Neatly disbudded if the animal is not
naturally hornless.
10
Clipping—entire body if weather has
permitted, showing allowance to get a
neat coat of hair by show time; neatly
trimmed tail and ears.
10
Cleanliness—as shown by a clean body
as free from stains as possible, with
special attention to legs, feet, tail area,
nose, and ears.
10
2.
APPEARANCE OF EXHIBITOR
Clothes and person neat and clean –white
costume preferred.
10
10
3.
SHOWING ANIMAL IN THE RING
50
Leading—enter, leading the animal at a
normal walk around the ring in a
clockwise direction, walking on the left
side, holding the collar with the right
hand. Exhibitor should walk as normally
and inconspicuously as possible.
Goat should lead readily and respond
quickly.
Lead equipment should consist of a
properly fitted collar or small link chain,
which is inconspicuous, yet of sufficient
strength to maintain proper control.
As the Judge studies the animal, the
preferred method of leading is to walk on
the side away from the Judge.
Lead slowly with the animal’s head held
high enough for impressive style,
attractive carriage, and graceful walk.
10
Pose and show an animal so it is between
the exhibitor and the Judge as much as
possible. Avoid exaggerated positions,
such as crossing behind the goat.
Stand or kneel where both Judge and
animal may be observed
Pose animal with front feet squarely
beneath and hind feet slightly spread.
Where possible, face animal upgrade with
her front feet on a slight incline. Neither
crowd other exhibitors nor leave too
much space when leading into a side-by-
side position.
15
153
ADGA
SCORECARD
Points
Sub-
Total
When Judge changes placing, lead
animal forward out of line, down or up to
the place directed then back through the
line, finally making a U-turn to get into
position. When a Judge changes placing
in a head-to-tail sequence, lead animal
out of line and up or down the line on the
side next to the Judge. It is the
responsibility of another handler to
accommodate changes by moving up or
down on the side opposite the Judge.
To step animal ahead—use slight pull
on collar. If the animal steps badly out of
place, return her to position by leading
her forward and making a circle back
through your position in the line.
When Judge is observing the animal, if
she moves out of position, replace her as
quickly and inconspicuously as possible.
Be natural. Overshowing, undue fussing,
and maneuvering are objectionable.
Show animal to best advantage,
recognizing the conformation faults of
the animal you are leading and striving to
help overcome them. Showmen may be
questioned by the judge on their
knowledge of proper terminology for
parts of a dairy goat, breed standards,
evaluation of defects, and ADGA
scorecards.
15
Poise, alertness, and courteous attitude
are all desired in the show ring. Showmen
should keep an eye on their animals and
be aware of the position of the Judge at
all times—but should not stare at the
Judge. Persons or things outside the ring
should not distract the attention of the
showmen. Respond rapidly to requests
from judges or officials, and be courteous
and sportsmanlike at all times, respecting
the rights of other exhibitors. The best
showmen will show their animals at all
times—not themselves—and will
continue exhibiting well until the entire
class has been placed, the Judge has
given his/her reasons, and he/she has
dismissed the class.
10
TOTAL
100
Suggested Uniform:
Long-sleeved white shirt, regulation white pants; 4-H or
FFA necktie; 4-H or FFA cap (if applicable), with
matching shoes and belt in black, white, or brown.
154
ADGA
SCORECARD
Points
Sub-
Total
F.
HERDSMANSHIP
1.
PREPARATION OF THE EXHIBIT
Adequate, clean bright bedding
10
Animals attractively space in pens
10
Decorations neat and attractive
10
Appropriate signs
5
Well-chosen color scheme— background,
tack-boxes, etc.
5
40
2.
APPEARANCE AND ATTITUDE OF
EXHIBITORS
Knowledgeable, courteous, friendly, able
to answer questions about exhibit or dairy
goats.
15
Clothes and person neat and clean,
appropriated dressed.
5
20
3.
CARE OF THE EXHIBIT
Dairy goats clean, clipped (before show),
feet trimmed.
20
Aisles kept neat and clean.
10
Attractive, organized feeders and feed
equipment. Feed and equipment stored
neatly when not in use (out of sight if
possible), and kept clean.
10
40
TOTAL
—
100
XIX. RECOMMENDED TRADE PRACTICES FOR
MEMBERS
A. In the absence of a written agreement between the buyer
and seller, it will be considered that 1) any dairy goat
offered for sale is registered/recorded or eligible for
registration/recordation and 2) at the time of sale the goat
shall be permanently identified (meeting the requirements
for the ADGA registration/recordation process) and meet
the identification requirements for interstate or intrastate
transportation applicable to the sale. Registration/
recordation papers or application for registration/
recordation will be furnished by the seller at the time of
sale.
B. The seller guarantees the fertility of the buck. A buck, after
reaching 1 year of age, should be able to serve and settle a
doe. The buyer is expected to provide reasonable care and
feed. Should the buck prove to be a non-breeder, the buyer
shall notify the seller within 60 days from the first time he
was used for service, provided the animal was over 1 year
of age at the time of service; and the buyer shall provide
sufficient proof, such as a statement from a veterinarian,
that said buck is sterile. The seller shall have the option of
making a satisfactory exchange or refunding the money. In
no case shall the seller be responsible for more than the
selling price. The purchaser shall pay any shipping charges
involved in the exchange.
155
C. When a doe is brought to a buck for breeding and has not
settled after the first breeding, the owner of the doe is
entitled to one rebreeding in the same breeding season at no
additional charge.
D. If the animal sold is a doe, there is no guarantee of fertility
except where hermaphroditism becomes apparent when the
animal reaches breeding age.
E. A doe sold as “bred” is not guaranteed to be pregnant, but
only to have normally accepted service from the buck.
F. In general, disputes between buyers and sellers are private
matters that do not fall within the purview of the American
Dairy Goat Association and may be resolved between the
parties via negotiation, mediation, or in courts of civil
jurisdiction. However, a dispute involving willful
misrepresentation of fact as to the pedigree of any animal
may be the subject of a complaint to the Association.
G. Nothing in these trade practice rules shall be construed as
abridging the right of the buyer and seller to enter into a
private contract.
XX. GENETIC AWARDS PROGRAM
A special designation to be known as “Superior Genetics” will be
awarded for qualifying animals, both bucks and does. This award
will be stored permanently by year in the ADGA database in
addition to, and in the same manner as “CH” and “GCH”
designations are currently stored. This prefix will appear with the
abbreviations of “SG” or “SGCH” on registration papers,
production pedigrees and any other such place the ADGA system
currently prints award prefixes. Once awarded, the prefix will be
a permanent part of the animal’s name.
A. QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
1. To qualify for Superior Genetics (SG) the animal
must be in the top 15% (85
th
percentile ranking
or higher) and have a Production Type Index
value of 0 or greater for their breed according to
the Production/ Type Index (PTI) ranking at
least once during the life of the animal. The
ranking may be either in one area (PTI 2: 1 or
PTI 1:2) or in both areas.
2. To qualify for Superior Grand Champion
(SGCH) the animal must earn both the SG
designation and earn a permanent championship.
The awards may be earned in separate years and
in any order to qualify.
B. FEE SCHEDULE for REVISION
1. The fee schedule for superior genetic awards
shall appear on the ADGA Schedule of Rates.
2. If the certificate is received within 90 days from
the date of owner notification (which shall occur
twice per year, once after the completion of yield
evaluations, and again after the completion of
type evaluations), ADGA will revise the
certificate free of charge to show the SG/SGCH
designation.
3. If the certificate is returned more than 90 days
after the date of owner notification, ADGA shall
charge a normal Revision to Certificate of
Registration/Recordation fee as outlined in the
current ADGA Schedule of Rates for both
members and nonmembers.
4. Awards earned on the basis of evaluations prior
to 2006 shall be required to pay the current
normal Revision to Certificate of
156
Registration/Recordation fee as outlined in the
ADGA Schedule of Rates for both members and
nonmembers, for those registration certificates to
be revised.
XXI. GENETIC CONDITIONS POLICIES
A. Policies Regarding Undesirable Genetic Factors,
Adopted: October 27, 2016
1. Reason for Policy: Genetic defects resulting in disease
have been identified in numerous animal species.
These defects and diseases have wide-ranging effects,
from mild and manageable to severe and terminal.
Passing these genetic defects on to successive
generations may cause unnecessary suffering and
losses in productivity. ADGA feels that it is important
to proactively develop procedures and programs to aid
in the identification and control of genetically related
defects and diseases, and provide guidance in helping
to identify and manage specific genetic defects in
dairy goats.
2. Process for Identifying Undesirable Genetic Factors:
In determining genetic factors that are undesirable,
ADGA will consider all relevant data. In order to
make such a determination, experts in the field shall
be consulted, and their recommendations will be
submitted to ADGA along with trait specific data.
Upon consideration of this information, the Board of
Directors may approve a policy designating
procedures for the identification, recording and
reporting of carriers of a genetic defect. ADGA shall
maintain a list of undesirable genetic factors that have
been identified through genetic testing and for which a
policy has been designated by the ADGA Board of
Directors.
3. Process for Identification of Animals With a Genetic
Defect: In addition to maintaining a list of undesirable
genetic factors, ADGA will provide and update
information that includes description of the condition
resulting from the defect, inheritance patterns, and the
genetic tests available to determine animal status.
Information regarding testing resources will be made
available through ADGA to its membership and the
public. The testing process will incorporate
requirements for approved tests, designated
laboratories, test forms, and data release forms.
Testing, using the approved test(s,) may be conducted
by an alternative, approved laboratory.
4. To be accepted by ADGA, results must be reported
from an approved laboratory directly to ADGA and
samples must be identified with either the animal’s
registration number, or if unregistered, the animal’s
tattoo, DOB, breed, and gender.
5. ADGA shall maintain a database of accepted test
results.
6. Process for Notification, Publication and Release of
Information: Following recognition of a specific
157
genetic defect by the ADGA Board of Directors and
the establishment of policies for recording and
reporting of that defect, testing results will be
accepted by ADGA only if provided directly to
ADGA by an approved laboratory. The date of
implementation of these procedures and policies shall
be made available to ADGA members and the public.
7. Policies regarding registration/recordation of
designated carrier animals and/or their offspring shall
be established by ADGA and approved by the Board
of Directors for each recognized genetic defect.
8. Testing results and the identification of carriers prior
to formal action by the ADGA Board of Directors
may be accepted. Policies and procedures for
accepting pre-designation testing will be developed
for each specific defect as deemed necessary.
B. ADGA G6S Policy
1. WHAT IS G-6-S? N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE 6-
SULFATASE deficiency is an inherited metabolic
defect known to occur in Nubian goats and related
crosses. A mutation in the G6S gene renders the
enzyme incapable of degrading complex
polysaccharides which then abnormally accumulate in
tissues such as central nervous system and viscera.
Affected animals may exhibit a variety of symptoms
including delayed motor development and growth
retardation, and are not expected to live a normal
lifespan. The disease is inherited in an autosomal
recessive fashion. Therefore, both sexes are equally
affected and two copies of the defective gene must be
present for signs of the disorder to be observed.
Breeding two carrier goats, which are phenotypically
normal but each possessing a single copy of the
mutation, is predicted to produce 25% affected
offspring. The predicted genotypic frequency for this
disorder has been reported to be approximately 74.2%
normal, 23.9% carrier, and 1.9% affected. G6S carrier
status is determined by observation of a mutation,
changing a C to T in codon 102 of the 559-amino acid
G6S protein. This mutation leads to the formation of a
defective, truncated protein. Testing is available at a
contracted rate to all dairy goat owners through
ADGA.
2. RATIONALE FOR POLICY Because G6S
homozygous (affected) animals may not be
symptomatic prior to reproductive age, and
heterozygous (carrier) animals have not been
demonstrated to be symptomatic, both affected and
carrier animals may reproduce and pass on the defect.
Genetic testing for this disease is definitive and is
available at reasonable contracted cost through
ADGA. With recognition by the ADGA Board of
Directors of G6S deficiency as an undesirable genetic
factor, information concerning the G6S status of
potentially affected or carrier animals will become
available to all dairy goat owners enabling them to
158
limit carrier-to-carrier matings and manage the impact
of the disorder within their herd and the dairy goat
population at large.
3. ADGA offers G6S testing and carrier status recording
to members and the wider goat community in order to
track this disease in pedigrees, to reduce its incidence,
and assist in eventual eradication of the defect. (See
"Grandfather clause" below.) ADGA will maintain a
list of approved testing laboratories, and that
information as well as forms and instructions for
sample submission will be provided upon request.
4. Upon receipt of testing results from an approved
laboratory, ADGA will maintain a database of G6S
testing results. Only upon request of an animal’s
breeder, will G6S testing results be included as part of
the goat’s pedigree information and become part of
the animal’s permanent record in the ADGA pedigree
database. Effective Date: October 27, 2016
5. Designations shall be recorded as:
a. G6S-N/N = Homozygous normal: animals with
this genotype are expected to be normal with
respect to N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE 6-
SULFATASE lysosomal storage disease.
b. G6S-N/G = Heterozygous for the mutation:
animals with this genotype are carriers with
respect to N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE 6-
SULFATASE lysosomal storage disease.
c. G6S-G/G = Homozygous for the mutation:
animals with this genotype are expected to be
affected with respect to N-
ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE 6-SULFATASE
lysosomal storage disease.
6. As with all DNA information contracted through
ADGA, ADGA retains proprietary rights to the results
of G6S disease status testing for each animal. Samples
submitted for analysis of G6S status through the
ADGA shall become the property of the contract
laboratory upon receipt and may be used for general
research purposes. Persons submitting samples for
G6S testing through the ADGA agree to indemnify
and hold the ADGA harmless against any losses, costs
or damages, including attorney fees arising from the
results of the performed tests.
7. Test results can be (G6S-N/N, N/G or G/G) included
in the ADGA database upon submission of paperwork
confirming test results issued by the laboratory that
conducted the test along with payment of the data
transfer fee. Information provided by the laboratory
must include the animal’s registration number, OR
breed, gender, date of birth and tattoo information in
addition to test results.
8. All testing results for genetic factors run through the
American Dairy Goat Association will be published
on the performance pedigree (currently possible) and
registration papers (once programming is in place).
This currently includes G6S, Alpha-S1-Casein, and
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Scrapie Resistance Variant testing. This will be
effective for all test requests on or after January 1,
2021 and will remain included for perpetuity on that
animal's record. Only submissions made by the
breeder or any owner of record will be automatically
published. Samples, such as semen, submitted by a
third party will only be published with the consent of
the breeder or any owner of record. All animals tested
prior to January 1, 2021 will still require breeder
consent to published.
C. ADGA ALPHA S1 CASEIN POLICY
1. WHAT IS ALPHA S1 CASEIN? The α s1-casein is a
protein polymorphism of goat milk first described in
Europe, in the French Alpine and Saanen breeds, in
the early nineteen eighties. These polymorphisms
have been found to affect cheesemaking due to
differences in protein content, renneting properties
(faster coagulation and firmer curd) and a possible
connection in relation to cheese flavor. In one study,
the results of researches conducted on homozygous
individuals for the various alleles confirmed the
effects of genotype on the casein content in milk by
showing the cheesemaking yield observed in milk
produced by those animals with strong alleles was 7%
higher in comparison with those with medium alleles
and 15% higher than those with weak alleles. In
addition, there have been studies that suggest that the
genetic variation resulting in low or null levels could
contribute to milk with a lesser antigenic burden and
be of potential benefit to those with milk sensitivities.
ADGA has contracted with the Veterinary Genetics
Laboratory, University of California, Davis, to
provide the test at a discounted rate and is currently
maintaining a database of results. The test is designed
to detect low-level variants for casein – E, F, and N,
along with O1, which is associated with the lack of
alpha s1 casein production. High-level variants are
then reported as A or B, which represent several
specific alleles. Any combination of A and B variants
will produce high amounts of alpha s1 casein. A
combination of A or B variant with E, F or N variant
will produce intermediate amounts of alpha s1 casein.
Any combination of E, F and N variants will produce
low amounts of alpha s1 casein. Goats with two copies
of the O1 “null” variant will not produce alpha s1
casein protein. The test is not designed to detect
subvariants of A and B.
2. RATIONALE FOR POLICY Knowing the specific
genetic polymorphism at goat casein loci on breeding
stock allows the breeder to set up breeding and
selection programs targeted towards the improvement
of cheesemaking yield by selecting for high
expression alleles, or selecting for animals with low
levels which may be of benefit to those with milk
sensitivities.
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3. ADGA offers Alpha S1 Casein testing and recording
to members and the wider goat community. ADGA
will maintain a list of approved testing laboratories,
and that information as well as forms and instructions
for sample submission will be provided upon request.
4. Upon receipt of testing results from an approved
laboratory, ADGA will maintain a database of Alpha
S1 casein testing results. Only upon request of an
animal’s breeder will, Alpha S1 casein testing results
will be included as part of the goat’s pedigree
information and will become part of the animal’s
permanent record in the ADGA pedigree database.
Effective Date: October 27, 2016.
5. A report would appear as follows along with Animal
information:
a. Example: ALPHA S1 CASEIN RESULT = A/E
6. As with all DNA information contracted through
ADGA, ADGA retains proprietary rights to the results
of Alpha S1 casein testing for each animal. Samples
submitted for analysis of Alpha S1 Casein status
through the ADGA shall become the property of the
contract laboratory upon receipt and may be used for
general research purposes. Persons submitting samples
for Alpha S1 Casein testing through the ADGA agree
to indemnify and hold the ADGA harmless against
any losses, costs or damages, including attorney fees
arising from the results of the performed tests.
7. Test results for Alpha S1 Casein can be included in
the ADGA database upon submission of paperwork
confirming test results issued by the laboratory that
conducted the test along with payment of the data
transfer fee. Information provided by the laboratory
must include the animal’s registration number, OR
breed, gender, date of birth and tattoo information in
addition to test results.
8. All testing results for genetic factors run through the
American Dairy Goat Association will be published
on the performance pedigree (currently possible) and
registration papers (once programming is in place).
This currently includes G6S, Alpha-S1-Casein, and
Scrapie Resistance Variant testing. This will be
effective for all test requests on or after January 1,
2021 and will remain included for perpetuity on that
animal's record. Only submissions made by the
breeder or any owner of record will be automatically
published. Samples, such as semen, submitted by a
third party will only be published with the consent of
the breeder or any owner of record. All animals tested
prior to January 1, 2021 will still require breeder
consent to published.
D. ADGA SCRAPIE REESISTANCE VARIANTS
POLICY
1. WHAT ARE SCRAPIE RESISTANCE
VARIANTS? Natural occurring mutations in the
prion protein gene (PRNP) of goats have been
identified which confer resistance to scrapie. The
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S146 and K222 variants have been confirmed to
confer genetic resistance against classical
scrapie. These variants are named for the amino
acid changes in the PRNP protein (PrPC): S146
indicates presents of a serine (S) at position 146
instead of an asparagine (N) and K222 indicates
a lysine (K) at position 222 instead of a
glutamine (Q). S146 and K222 forms of PrPC
are more resistant to conversion to the abnormal
PrPSc, which results in the development of
clinical scrapie.
2. RATIONALE FOR POLICY Identification of
animals possessing the mutations associated with
scrapie resistance in breeding stock will allow
the breeder to formulate breeding and selection
programs targeted towards development of
scrapie resistant herds. Traditionally control of
scrapie in both sheep and goats has been through
whole herd depopulation. Animals identified as
having a resistant variant may not be subject to
euthanasia/depopulation in the case of scrapie
positive herd mates.
3. ADGA offers scrapie variant testing and
recording to members and the wider goat
community. ADGA will maintain a list of
approved testing laboratories, and that
information as well as forms and instructions for
sample submission will be provided upon
request.
4. Upon receipt of testing results from an approved
laboratory, ADGA will maintain a database of
scrapie variant testing results. Only upon request
of an animal’s breeder will scrapie variant
testing results be included as part of the goat’s
pedigree information and become part of the
animal’s permanent record in the ADGA
pedigree database. Effective Date: Jan 01 2021
5. A report would appear as follows along with
Animal information:
Examples: SCRAPIE VARIANT TESTING
RESULTS:
Genetic Resistance Interpretation
146
222
No resistance to classical scrapie
NN
QQ
One copy of protective variant K222,
increased resistance to classical scrapie
NN
QK
Two copies of protective variant K222,
increased resistance to classical scrapie
NN
KK
One copy of protective variant S146,
increased resistance to classical scrapie
NS
QQ
One copy of each of S146 and K22
protective variants, increased resistance
to classical scrapie
NS
QK
Two copies of protective variant S146,
increased resistance to classical scrapie
SS
QQ
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6. As with all DNA information contracted through
ADGA, ADGA retains proprietary rights to the
results of scrapie variant testing for each animal.
Samples submitted for analysis of scrapie variant
testing status through the ADGA shall become
the property of the contract laboratory upon
receipt and may be used for general research
purposes. Persons submitting samples for scrapie
variant testing through the ADGA
7. to indemnify and hold the ADGA harmless
against any losses, costs or damages, including
attorney fees arising from the results of the
performed tests.
8. Test results for scrapie variant testing can be
included in the ADGA database upon
submission of paperwork confirming test results
issued by the laboratory that conducted the test
along with payment of the data transfer fee.
Information provided by the laboratory must
include the animal’s registration number, OR
breed, gender, date of birth and tattoo
information in addition to test results.
9. All testing results for genetic factors run through
the American Dairy Goat Association will be
published on the performance pedigree
(currently possible) and registration papers (once
programming is in place). This currently
includes G6S, Alpha-S1-Casein, and Scrapie
Resistance Variant testing. This will be effective
for all test requests on or after January 1, 2021
and will remain included for perpetuity on that
animal's record. Only submissions made by the
breeder or any owner of record will be
automatically published. Samples, such as
semen, submitted by a third party will only be
published with the consent of the breeder or any
owner of record. All animals tested prior to
January 1, 2021 will still require breeder consent
to published.
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XXII. SCHEDULE OF RATES
Customer must provide funds before work can be processed. If
account balance is insufficient for work requested, customer must
add adequate funds to account balance before work can be
completed. If customer provides credit card information, the full
amount of the work will be charged, unless customer requests the
use of current balance as partial payment, with remaining balance
paid by credit card.
Online: If using account balance for payment, please add additional
funds prior to checking out, if you don’t have sufficient funds. (You
must then save your work to come back later and complete). Or, you
can choose to charge the full amount by credit card.
ANIMAL REGISTRATION/RECORDATION
Member Nonmember Online
Member Only
Postmarked/Faxed 04/01 – 08/31
Doe Under 30 Mos. $ 11.50 22.00 8.50
Doe 30 Mos. & Older 15.00 29.00 12.00
Buck Under 24 Mos. 17.50 34.00 14.50
Buck 24 Mos. & Older 30.00 59.00 27.00
AGS/CGS/BGS/GGBoA Re-registration (doe/buck any age) 13.00 25.00 ------
Postmarked/Faxed 09/01 – 03/31
Doe Under 30 Mos. $ 10.50 20.00 8.50
Doe 30 Mos. & Older 14.00 27.00 12.00
Buck Under 24 Mos. 16.50 32.00 14.50
Buck 24 Mos. & Older 29.00 57.00 27.00
AGS/CGS/BGS/GGBoA Re-registration (doe/buck any age) 12.00 23.00 ------
Rush Fee for Registration/Recordation 100% of Registration/Recordation fee
Online Paperless Registration/Recordation – online only – no paper will be issued $6.00
Online Contracted Volume Reg/Rec – Calendar year. Flat monthly fee or advance. 50 min/$6.50
Online Tiered Volume Reg/Rec - Calendar year. First 35 at current rate. Additional $6.00
Member Nonmem.
DUPLICATE Certificate of Registry/Recordation (send signed request) 4.00 8.00
Rush Fee 4.00 8.00
REVISION to Certificate of Registry/Recordation 4.00 8.00
Rush Fee 4.00 8.00
ANIMAL TRANSFER (including online at time of registration)
Buyer or Seller member (postmarked within 120 days of sale) 5.50 ----
Rush Fee 5.50 ----
Buyer or Seller member (postmarked over 120 days after sale) 7.00 ----
Rush Fee 7.00 ----
Buyer and Seller nonmembers ---- 17.50
Rush Fee ---- 17.50
ANIMAL CERTIFICATE OF IDENTIFICATION
Certificate of Identification 13.00 25.00
Rush Fee 13.00 25.00
Transfer if Buyer or Seller member 5.50 ----
Rush fee 5.50 ----
Transfer if Buyer and Seller nonmembers ---- 17.50
Rush fee ---- 17.50
Herd Name Registration - member only 15.00 ----
Herd Name Registration - Permanent - member only 100.00 ----
Membership Directory (free with membership) 5.00 30.00
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SUBSCRIPTION REPORTS Online (annual fee, apply online) 10.00 -----
Star Milker Certificate on basis of owner/sampler 40 test,
one-day test or progeny 3.00 6.00
AR Production Certificate (*M designation automatic) 3.00 6.00
Breed Leader (Top Ten) Certificate 3.00 6.00
Show Award Certificate 3.00 6.00
Linear Appraisal Certificate of Excellence (suitable for framing) 5.00 10.00
Permanent Champion Certificate (suitable for framing) 5.00 10.00
Superior Genetics Certificate (suitable for framing) 5.00 10.00
Performance/Pedigree Reports Subscription Online (annual fee) 10.00 -----
Performance Pedigrees—
3-generation 3.00 6.00
4-generation (at time of registration or transfer) 3.00 6.00
4-generation 5.00 10.00
Reduction to 8-1/2"x11" .50 1.00
Planned Mating Pedigree—4 generation 6.00 12.00
Single Level Progeny List 3.00 6.00
Multi-Level Progeny List 5.00 10.00
Performance Inquiry 2.00 4.00
Performance Progeny Inquiry (per animal + .50/offspring) 2.00 4.00
Doe Family Performance Summary 15.00 30.00
All Goats Ever Owned List 5.00 10.00
All Goats Currently Owned 5.00 10.00
Show Wins Inquiry 3.00 6.00
Total Performance Report 4.00 8.00
Revision of Certificate to add CH/SG/SGCH
If certificate received within 90 days from date of owner notification n/c n/c
If certificate returned more than 90 days after date of owner notification 4.00 8.00
Awards earned on basis of evaluations prior to 2006 4.00 8.00
Revision of Certificate to indicate DNA information 4.00 8.00
Revision of Permanent Linear Score in Database 4.00 8.00
Expanded Service for Collection issues 75.00 ------
DNA TYPING, per animal
Individual Identification/Parentage 32.00 -----
Alpha s1 Casein 27.00 50.00
G6S 27.00 50.00
Scrapie Susceptibility Testing ($23 if ordered with Marker testing) 30.00
Data Record Transfer per animal 15.00
PRODUCTION TESTING (Write for Application)
DHIR Herd, New 1-5 Does 45.00
DHIR Herd, New 6-25 Does 50.00
DHIR Herd, New 26+ Does 75.00
DHIR Renewal 1-5 Does 40.00
DHIR Renewal 6-25 Does 45.00
DHIR Renewal 26+ Does 70.00
ONE DAY MILKING COMPETITION 25.00
Extra $25 charged if application received less than 30 days prior to competition.
LINEAR APPRAISAL (Application Fee Nonrefundable)
Application postmarked/faxed/emailed on or before January 31 45.00
Application postmarked/faxed/emailed after January 31 (if can be accommodated) 75.00
Minimum Stop Fee (includes up to 25 animals) 350.00
Adult Animal Program Each Additional Animal 26-50 9.50
Each Additional Animal 51+ 6.50
Special Session application 100.00
Workshop Session application October – February only 75.00
DHIR & Linear Package (submitted together/same time) 5.00 credit
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ADGA PLUS (requires participation in DHIR & LA, includes free subscription reports)
Renewal 65.00
DNA - first three in participating year ($29 each additional) 75.00
Casein 22.00
G6S 22.00
Scrapie Susceptibility Testing 28.00
Pre-Training Conference PPT Presentation (members only) PDF on USB Flash Drive 25.00
$5 Credit
SHOW SANCTION
If application, rules and classes are postmarked/faxed/emailed:
10 days or less prior to the show date 140.00
30 days to 11 days prior to show date 100.00
More than 30 days prior to show date 60.00
Rosettes (per breed shown) 8.00
Champion Challenge Rosettes (per breed) 5.00
Best in Show Rosette 5.00
(If postmarked/faxed/emailed less than 31 days before show, additional fees for shipping may be required.)
Reduced photocopy of Report of Awards - members only, per page 1.00
PERFORMANCE DATA VOLUMES
Performance Volumes beginning with 2004 - #51 (electronic version) each 5.00
AVAILABLE FORMS
Record of Artificial Insemination (pad of 50 duplicated forms) 3.00
Service Memos (pad of 50 duplicated forms) 3.00
Bills of Sale (pad of 50 duplicated forms) 3.00
3-generation Pedigree Blanks (one dozen) 3.00
AUDITOR’S OPINION, financial statement, operating statements, and tax return for
up to three previous years - members only, per page 1.00
List of Voters in Directorial Election – up to three previous years
members only, per page 1.00
Returned Check Charge 30.00
Faxed or Scanned Transmittal (per page) $2.00 ($4 nonmember)
FREE FORMS AND INFORMATION
—Application for ADGA Academic Scholarship
—Application for ADGA Youth Convention Scholarship
—Application for ADGA Regular Membership
—Application for ADGA Affiliate or Associate Membership
—Application for ADGA Youth Membership
—Application for ADGA Youth Representative
—Application for Animal Certificate of Identification
—Application for AR/Star Milker Certificate
—Application for Herd Name Registration
—Application for Linear Appraisal
—Application for Official One-Day Milking Competition
—Application for Recognition on Youth Production Testing Doe Honor Roll
—Application for Registration/Recordation of Dairy Goat
—Application for Spotlight Sale Nomination
—Application & Instructions for Tattooing
—Application for 4-H Showmanship Certificate
—Artificial Insemination Buck Collection Form
—Breed Standards Flyer
—Dairy Goat Awareness Week Packet
—DHIR Herd Entry Information Packet
—DNA Submission Kit Request Form
—How to Register a Dairy Goat Brochure
—Lease Agreement Form (Doe or Buck)
—Official Show Pre-Sanction Kit
—Performance Programs Brochure
166
—Ringside Guide to Dairy Goat Shows
—State Dairy Division Contacts Brochure
—Unified Scorecard
Membership must be postmarked/faxed/emailed by March 1 to be listed in the Directory.
New ADGA Regular Membership $45.00
New ADGA Affiliate/Associate Membership (limited benefits) $35.00
Annual Regular Membership Renewal
(Postmarked/Faxed/Emailed Sep. 02 – Dec. 31) $30.00
(Postmarked/Faxed/Emailed Jan. 01 – Sep. 01) $35.00
Annual Affiliate/Associate Membership Renewal $25.00
New/Annual Renewal Youth Membership (Under 21 – Birth Date required) $10.00
Annual Judge’s License Fee $25.00
We accept Visa, MasterCard, Discover, American Express,
PayPal, Check, and Money Order. Please do not send currency.
PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE
Include your ADGA Identification Number with each transaction.
Contact ADGA for a COMPLETE List of Services and Supplies.
167
APPENDIX
HOW TO BECOME AN ADGA MEMBER
Any individual or entity interested in the breeding, sale or
promotion of dairy goats is eligible for membership in this
Association. Membership rates are listed under Bylaw XXII.
Schedule of Rates. Membership applications may be downloaded
off the ADGA website at www.adga.org or by contacting the
ADGA office.
Youth membership rates and participation in ADGA youth
programs is limited to persons under 21 years of age. Youth
Members are entitled to Member rates for services by furnishing
the ADGA office with their name, address and birth date. ADGA
will not process any Youth Membership application without a
complete birth date (month, day, and year). See rates listed under
Bylaw XXI. Schedule of Rates.
HOW TO REGISTER A DAIRY GOAT
The rules for registration and recordation appear in this
booklet. Read them carefully before filling in an Application for
Entry in the Herd Register of the American Dairy Goat
Association. There are 13 parts on this application. If you do not
have a supply of these forms (Application for Registration or
Recordation), write for some at once. Remember, all animals
must be tattooed before they can be accepted for registry or
recordation.
The American Dairy Goat Association will accept quality
substitute applications for registration that conform to the
physical layout and design of the current application, a sample of
which must be submitted to the Secretary-Treasurer for pre-
approval.
Members will be charged for a registration at the time it is
processed. If there are errors, the fees will not be refunded, but
the registration of the animal will be completed when a corrected
application is provided.
Special handling (Rush) fees will be charged when work is
requested to be postmarked by ADGA fourteen (14) calendar
days or less from the sender’s postmark.
MEASURING THE NIGERIAN DWARF BREED
Dairy goats are to be measured at the highest point of their
withers. The front legs shall be set as squarely as possible
underneath the withers. The rear legs shall be set so that when an
imaginary line is drawn from the pin bone to the ground, it passes
through the hock. The handler shall have one hand on the goat's
collar and the other hand not touching the goat. The head shall be
held alertly, but not stretched up to artificially reach a minimum
height or pushed down to artificially remain under a maximum
height. The goat shall be measured on a solid, level surface.
The device shall be placed parallel to the goat's front leg.
The device shall have a cross bar to extend over the withers. It is
important that the cross bar be as level as possible and that the
entire device be held as straight as possible to obtain the most
accurate measurement.
It is necessary for all judges to determine that Nigerian
Dwarf dairy goats meet the breed standard for height. Judges are
required to evaluate every animal for height disqualification as
they enter the ring. Each animal shall walk under an approved
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measuring device set at 22.5" for females and 23.5" for males.
Exhibitors will be asked to hold the animal's head up as they walk
their goat under the measuring device. The measuring device
shall be held flat on the ground and at the high point of the
withers. If the height evaluation is not clearly apparent, the judge
shall more precisely evaluate the animal height determine an
exact measurement with the animal standing on a smooth, level
surface. The judge's decision shall be final. If the animal is
deemed over height, he/she will be disqualified from entering the
ring and shall not count in the official number of animals shown
in the breed.
HOW TO TRANSFER OWNERSHIP
If you are selling an unregistered animal, you should give
the purchaser a bill of sale. The form is available from the ADGA
office. (Refer to Schedule of Rates for price.)
If you sell an animal and wish to register and transfer it at
the same time, complete the appropriate item on the Application
for Registration/Recordation, which is a legal transfer form.
When you sell an animal that has already been registered,
you should fill out the certificate of transfer at the bottom of the
Certificate of Registry. Be sure that every blank on the certificate
of transfer is filled in and that you sign it. It should be sent to the
ADGA office for recording, together with the appropriate fee, as
shown on the Schedule of Rates.
Refer to XIX: Recommended trade practices for members.
AUTHORIZED SIGNATURES
It is very wise to provide us with a signature authorization
card allowing at least one signature in addition to your own, in
case of an emergency or death. If husband and wife have a
partnership membership, both must sign all papers unless we
have been given a signature authorization (this form is available
on request). The preferable form of husband-and-wife
membership is John and Mary Doe rather than Mr. and Mrs. John
Doe. If we have an authorization allowing either signature, papers
will be signed “John and Mary Doe by Mary Doe” or… “by John
Doe.” In the case of a farm or firm, we always need signature
authorization on file. For example, let us suppose that Zephyr
Dairy Goat Farm is a Member. We have authorization for three
signatures: John Jones, owner, James Smith, herdsman; and
George Gross, superintendent. Any application, bill of sale, or
transfer would be signed “Zephyr Dairy Goat Farm by (name of
the individual).” In the case of an estate, we must always have
proof of the authority of the administrator.
Signature cards are to be used for the purpose of signing
registrations and transfers. They may be used to vote the ballot of
a corporation, association, business, family, or partnership, BUT
NOT AN INDIVIDUAL’S BALLOT.
ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE ACCEPTANCE
The Association accepts the following four levels of Electronic
Signatures (eSignatures):
1. Online Member Services Personal Identification Number
(PIN): When using ADGA online member services you are
assigned a PIN to authenticate your identity. Once logged in
with the authenticated identity, you may complete all online
applications including but not limited to registration
169
applications, service memos, AI service memos, and
performance program applications and renewals.
2. Image of Your Signature: When you sign documents and
send by fax, or scan and email as a PDF, DOC or other
document file, your signature is considered part of the
scanned image and is acceptable for most ADGA purposes.
You can also insert an image of your signature (in any format
such as pdf, jpg, gif, png, etc.) into a PDF, DOC or other
document file and is acceptable. However, this method of
signing is not acceptable when the original document must be
returned. Election ballots are an example of when this form
is not acceptable.
3. A Federal E-Sign
Signature: This is the signing of your name to a document
electronically by typing your name in one of the following
formats: /s/John Doe or: /John Doe/
Both the // and the /s/ methods are considered your signature
under the Federal E-Sign act, and acceptable only on general
correspondence and renewal notices. This type of signature
is not acceptable for contracts, election ballots, registration
applications, service memos, AI service memos, animal lease
agreements or other similar type documents.
4. Adobe EchoSign, DocuSign, or other similar eSignature
service: An online service that provides an electronic version
of your signature is considered a legal signature on contracts,
animal lease agreements, renewals and similar documents;
however; they cannot be used on specific forms including but
not limited to registration applications, service memos,
election ballots and the initial membership application.
Any individual or party that makes inappropriate or illegal use of
electronic signatures is subject to sanctions up to and including
suspension, expulsion, and criminal prosecution.
HOW TO REGISTER A HERD NAME
The Association maintains a registry of herd names that are
to be used exclusively by owners as the first part of the names of
all animals of their breeding. An application may be obtained
from ADGA. You should make a first and second choice and
send them to ADGA together with the correct fee (refer to
Schedule of Rates). You must be a member of the Association to
reserve a herd name. Only one herd name per membership may
be registered.
Beginning January 1, 2005, herd names will be protected
one of three ways:
a. Maintain a membership (with a herd name reservation
fee of $15.00 paid)
b. Become a lifetime member (refer to Bylaw Article
I.B.)
c. Pay an optional fee of $100 (payable at any time
during the membership) for permanent reservation
Beginning in 2010, registered herd names on file in the
ADGA office will be released annually if the following criteria
are met: (1) the membership has lapsed for 5 years; (2) the
membership was active for five or fewer years, and (3) there were
less than 50 goats registered using the herd name prefix. Upon
request, additional herd names may be released after Executive
Committee review and approval, when two of the three previous
criteria have been met. Released herd names will be published on
the ADGA website. If the original owner of a released herd name
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wishes to renew it, he/she may re-reserve the herd name for $15,
provided it is available (i.e., has not already been reserved by
another member).
In naming an animal, care must be taken to avoid including
another person’s herd name as part of your chosen name. Using
another breeder’s herd name within your animal’s name can be
considered an infringement upon that person’s registered herd
name, unless this is agreed to by that breeder. This use of another
breeder’s registered herd name could result in misrepresentation
of your animal’s pedigree.
In registering a herd name, you should keep in mind that it
should be one word or two very short words. It should not exceed
fifteen letters and spaces, if at all possible. Registered names of
dairy goats are limited to a total of 30 letters and spaces. The
longer the herd name, the more limited the choice of individual
name.
SERVICE MEMO (CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE)
A service memo must accompany an Application for
Registry/Recordation under the following conditions: (1) If you
had your doe served by a buck owned by another party– in other
words, if the dam and the sire do not stand in exactly the same
ownership on the registry records; (2) If you buy a bred doe, a
service memo must accompany the first Application for
Registration/Recordation of her offspring. Single copy service
memos are furnished to Members free of charge. Books
containing fifty (50) duplicate service memos also are available.
The original (white copy) is perforated so that it can be removed
and given to the owner of the doe. The yellow carbon copies are
permanently bound in the book so that the owner of a buck can
keep a permanent record of service.
A service memorandum is not needed if the doe serviced is
owned by one member of a partnership – in other words, any
member of a buck owner partnership can register kids or sign a
service memorandum.
DUPLICATE CERTIFICATE
In case a Certificate of Registry/Recordation has been lost
or accidentally destroyed, a duplicate certificate can be obtained
by writing to ADGA. When writing for a duplicate, be sure to
give the full name and number of the animal and include the
proper fee.
In the event an ADGA member has their registration/
recordation certificates destroyed in a disaster, he/she may have
them replaced for one-half the cost of a duplicate certificate. To
receive the discounted rate, the member must submit a request to
the ADGA office within one year of the disaster. The discounted
rate is a one time offer and will be applied to the first request
submitted. Any additional request for replacement certificates
will be charged at the usual price. Disaster means certificates
destroyed by fire, flood, or event beyond the control of the
member. The request should be accompanied by evidence such as
a newspaper article or a note from the Fire Marshall, Law
Enforcement or disaster official.
REVISION OF CERTIFICATE
Each ADGA Certificate of Registry/Recordation bears this
warning, “Alterations to this certificate, except as made by the
ADGA office, render it NULL AND VOID.” For example, many
times an animal is registered/recorded before it is dehorned. The
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certificate must show the fact that the animal has horns. However,
when the horns are removed, the certificate should be sent in for
revision so that not only the certificate can be changed but also
the master file, and the original registration/ recordation volume
record. However, each time a certificate is sent for revision, the
revision fee must accompany it. (For tattoo revisions, see Bylaws
Article VII—Tattoo Policy.)
THE ADGA RECORDATION PROGRAM
Now and then, someone writes to say, “I was told I could
‘register’ my grades in ADGA.” That is not accurate. ADGA
does not “register” grades. However, many years ago, your
ADGA Directors saw the wisdom of making it possible to
“record” grade animals, so that a record could be made of good
producers whose ancestry might otherwise have been lost. This
RECORDATION PROGRAM has grown to be an important part
of ADGA. You will find rules governing it in this booklet. Refer
to XIX: Recommended trace practices for members.
CERTIFICATE OF IDENTIFICATION PROGRAM
In 2008, the Board of Directors approved a program to
provide a means of identification for goats (bucks, does, or
wethers) being kept for meat, pets, pack goats or any other
purpose. The individual animal so identified is required to have a
unique tattoo following the ADGA policy. The certificate
includes a name, unique number, tattoo information, date of birth
or estimated date of birth, name and location of the farm or place
of origin, name and address of breeder or owner, breed or breed
type, color and description. No pedigree is kept nor implied. The
ADGA office maintains this information in a searchable database.
Membership in ADGA is encouraged, but not required, to
participate in this program.
TATTOOING
The Board of Directors passed a ruling at their 1970
meeting that all animals must be tattooed before they can be
accepted for registry or recordation in the herd books of the
Association. All goats must be tattooed in the ears or tail web. If
a goat is unable to be tattooed in the ear or tail web, the goat may
be tattooed inside the flank. This shall be noted on the registration
certificate.
ADGA has an “exclusive use” policy for assigned tattoo
sequences. Assigned tattoo sequences are protected, with their
use restricted to the membership they are assigned to or those
memberships, which are duly authorized to use that assigned
tattoo sequence. Effective June 1, 2002, members are required to
use the sequence assigned to their membership number. They
may not use a sequence assigned to someone else. There is an
exception, however, for those tattoo sequences which were
“grandfathered in” before adoption of the exclusive use policy. If
a membership (with a grandfathered tattoo) has not been renewed
by September 1 (as stipulated in Article 1 Section B of the
Bylaws) the tattoo assignment is forfeited. In the case of tattoo
sequences not “grandfathered in,” failure to reclaim the sequence
within three years will release the sequence for another member
to reserve on a first-come basis.
Sequence of the letters “USA,” “ADGA,” “CULL,”
“MEAT,” “ET,” “NONE,” or combinations beginning with a
state abbreviation followed by a number(s) will not be assigned
and shall not be used. Any combination of these sequences with a
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prefix or suffix shall not be used. Those sequences currently in
use shall not be reissued once the current member has not
renewed their membership.
When filling out applications for registry, please state on the
application the tattoo exactly as it appears on the animal. Do not
show tattoo information on the application that has not actually
been tattooed on the animal.
Tattooing is intended primarily for identifying animals as
individuals, not for indicating the breeding of a dairy goat, as the
registered herd name does. Therefore, you must use your
assigned herd-identifying tattoo letters on any animal born in
your herd. It is strongly recommended that animals be tattooed
BEFORE they are sold or purchased. The ADGA office will
assign a set of unique tattoo letters to members, who do not
request them, for their exclusive use. (There is no charge for this
service.)
No animal shall be registered by ADGA with the same
tattoo within a twenty year period. Alteration of a tattoo to assure
uniqueness may be requested by ADGA before a registration
number is assigned.
One method of individual identification recommended by
ADGA is to use a letter to designate the year of birth—together
with a serial number to designate the order of birth.
2013 - D 2018 - K
2014 - E 2019 - L
2015 - F 2020 - M
2016 - H 2021 - N
2017 - J 2022 - P
(“G,” “I,” “O,” “Q,” and “U” are not used.) For example,
the first, second, and third kids born in 2021 should have as their
tattoos “N1,” “N2,” and “N3.” (Twins and triplets should bear
different tattoo identifications.)
Tattoos are important not only for positive identification,
but an animal must be tattooed in order for any records under the
ADGA production and show programs to be official. Not only
must the animal be tattooed, but the tattoo information must be a
part of the official records at the ADGA office. (See Bylaws
Article VII for more information on tattooing.)
DIRECTIONS FOR TATTOOING
Success in securing a lasting tattoo mark depends entirely
upon the operator. A few simple rules must be observed:
1. Halter or muzzle the animal if necessary.
2. Cleanse the area to be tattooed with alcohol to remove
dirt, grease and wax.
3. Insert the correct symbols in the pliers and press the
thin rubber sponge pad down firmly over the needles.
This pad helps to release the needles from the skin.
4. Check the correctness of the symbols by making a
mark on a piece of paper.
5. Smear ink on the skin, choosing an area free from
freckles and warts if possible. Place the symbols
parallel to and between the veins or cartilage of the ear
or the veins of the tail web. The accidental piercing of
a vein may spoil the tattoo. Green ink is much better
for permanent tattoo identification—particularly when
the tissue receiving the tattoo is black or very dark.
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6. Make the imprint with a quick, firm movement and
immediately apply more ink and rub vigorously and
continuously for at least 15 seconds to insure
penetration (an old toothbrush is excellent for working
ink into the tattoo area). This is important.
7. Remove the rubber pad and rinse it and the needles in
water; then dry. The sponge rubber pad should be
replaced when it begins to lose its elasticity.
8. Do not disturb the area until the healing process is
complete, which may be from five to twenty-one days.
9. Keep a list of tattoo numbers with names of animals
and enter it in your private breeding record. The safest
way to double check a tattoo is to make an impression
on the animal’s application for registry, as well as on
some other form that will be kept as a permanent
record.
10. To read the tattoo in a dark-eared animal, hold a
lighted flashlight against the outside of the ear.
ELECTRONIC IDENTIFICATION
The tattoo is ADGA’s primary identification method. A
supplemental ID is one that may be used if the primary ID is
evident, but unreadable. A supplemental EID implant must not
only meet ADGA requirements, but those of Federal and State
regulatory agencies. Just as with a tattoo, use of the EID implant
when the tattoo is not legible requires that it be accompanied by
a registration certificate when used for State and Federal
programs.
In 2003, the Board of Directors passed a ruling that allowed
for electronic identification as a supplement to tattooing as a
permanent means of identification of dairy goats. All dairy goats
must still be tattooed in the ear or tail web, but breeders may also
use electronic identification as a supplemental method to identify
animals participating in ADGA programs, which shall include
official ADGA shows, linear appraisal, and milk production
testing. The owner or agent will provide the electronic
identification reader for the official to read. Refer to XIX:
Recommended trade practices for members.
An electronic identification device is commonly referred to
as Electronic ID, EID or RFID (radio frequency identification)
and commonly referred to as a microchip when the implant style
is used. EID devices for livestock are considered passive tags
because they have no battery or power source of their own. The
device is activated from the reader and returns its unique 15 digit
number back to the reader.
Use of EID as a supplement to the tattoo applies to ADGA
programs. Members using this form of identification need to be
aware of programs beyond the registration programs for which
registry ID is accepted, including but not limited to National
Scrapie Eradication Program (NSEP) and Scrapie Flock
Certification Program (SFCP), Certificate of Veterinary
Inspection (CVI; health certificate) for interstate and/or
international movement. Individual states may have requirements
that exceed federal requirements. A reader should be available at
all times (including interstate transport), but the registration
certificate or a copy must also accompany the animals when
registry ID is used for these programs.
A. DIRECTIONS FOR ELECTRONIC IDENTIFICATION
(EID) – INTERIM POLICY FOR SUPPLEMENTAL USE
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Beginning January 1, 2018, when a tattoo is present but not fully
readable and the animal in question has an approved EID listed
on the registration certificate, the EID can be used to accept the
identification of the animal.
B. APPROVED EID DEVICES
To ensure uniqueness of the numbers compatibility with readers,
EIDs implanted after March 11, 2014 must be compliant with
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 11784 and
11785 regarding radio frequency identification of animals. These
standards require RFID implants for animals to be 15 digits
including a 3 digit country or manufacturer code with the
specifics dependent upon date of birth (see below) and must read
at 134.2 kHz. Producers should check the product insert to
ensure that the device to be used meets these requirements. EIDs
implanted prior to this date are grandfathered.
Note: This policy pertains to primary and secondary permanent
ID as defined in the Tattoo Policy.
Accepted methods of EID for use as supplemental
identification in ADGA programs are one of the following:
1. EID implants applied on animals born after March 11,
2015 must have the 3 digit country code "840" rather
than a manufacture's code. A list of approved 840
implant and official eartag manufacturers is
maintained at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_
health/animal_diseases/scrapie/approved-tag-co.shtml;
2. EID implants applied on animals born between March
11, 2014 and March 11, 2015 must comply
with ISO 11784/11785;
3. EID that are Non-ISO compliant if implanted on
animals born prior to March 11, 2014 and are unique
in the ADGA database.
C. ALLOWABLE EID LOCATIONS
EIDs are also known as microchips and should be applied
according to manufacturer’s instruction. The implant must be
placed in a site allowed by the Food Safety and Inspection
Service (FSIS) and in accordance with any applicable Federal,
State, or local laws or regulations.
Allowed EID application sites are subcutaneous placement
at the underside of tail or base of ear between the skin and the
cartilage near where the ear meets the head.
Members should be advised that FDA considers EIDs to be
unapproved food additives. If an animal that has been implanted
is sent to slaughter, the Food Safety Inspection Service inspector
should be notified of the presence and location of the EID
(microchip) device prior to slaughter so that it can be removed
from the carcass after slaughter to prevent adulteration of the
carcass.
D. ACCEPTABLE USE POLICIES
The EID does not have to be read if the Tattoo is legible.
1. The EID will be considered valid for identification
when:
a. Both a tattoo and an EID implant appear on the
certificate along with a date of method application;
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b. The tattoo is illegible, but an EID is detected
which matches the EID listed on the registration
certificate;
c. The EID is considered valid when the numbers
match exactly. Special characters, spaces, etc., can
be ignored;
d. The herd tattoo is legible in the listed location and
there is nothing else located;
e. Multiple EID are detected and all indicated on the
registration certificate;
f. There is evidence that a good faith effort that
tattoos in the listed location were applied but are
no longer legible.
2. The EID will not be considered valid if:
a. There are two EIDs read and only one is indicated
on the certificate;
b. A re-implant is indicated but not detected even if
the 1
st
EID has been detected;
c. Any EIDs detected do not match any EIDs
indicated on the certificate;
d. There is no tattoo detected at all;
e. The tattoo is incorrect;
f. The animal is re-tattooed but not listed as such on
the registration certificate;
g. The EID is detected in a location not allowable on
animals born after March 11, 2015.
NATIONAL SALES
Each year, ADGA holds two prestigious sales for dairy goat
breeding stock.
COLORAMA SALE:
As the closing event for the National Show, a group of
animals is selected from those being exhibited at the show.
This group represents animals from some of the most
outstanding show herds in the nation. The buyer has the
additional advantage of seeing some of the consignment’s
herd mates and relatives which have also been shown during
the National Show. This unique opportunity is available to
those who attend the event, or to those who indicate the
desire to have a proxy bid placed for them. As the selection
is made during the show week, advance information on the
individuals is not available.
SPOTLIGHT SALE:
The second opportunity comes at the close of the ADGA
Annual Meeting. A committee selects these animals several
months in advance of the event, and information about the
consignments is provided through the media. As with the
Colorama Sale, the selection process considers show,
appraisal and production records of all ancestors. The
animals are on display the entire week, and a champagne
brunch immediately precedes the sale. Proxy bids are
handled through the ADGA office, so the buyers do not
need to be present to purchase an animal.
Contact the individual ADGA committees for more information
on both of these showcase events for top quality dairy goats.
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DNA TYPING
A. PURPOSE OF ADGA DNA TYPING PROGRAM
DNA typing gives ADGA members an opportunity to
identify specific genetic information about individual
animals in a manner that can be permanently stored. This
information can be used to solve parentage questions or to
verify identity.
The ADGA registration/recordation application
requires identification of both sire and dam for each animal
entered into the herd book. An owner may not be able to
identify the sire if the doe has been bred by more than one
buck or if the mating was unobserved. An owner might
discover more than one doe delivering kids at one time and
would not be able to verify which kids belong with each
doe. Offspring offered from specific matings might
command a higher price if parentage could be confirmed
prior to sale.
DNA shall be required to be on file for ALL bucks
born on or after January 1, 2023 prior to registration of
progeny.
APPLICATION FOR DNA TYPING
1. Beginning January 1, 2023, at the time of application
for registration of bucks, if a DNA report is not on file
in the ADGA office, a DNA collection kit will be sent
to the registrant unless the breeder requests that the kit
be sent to an alternate party.
2. Owners wishing to voluntarily DNA type animals will
provide the ADGA office with a list of registration
names and numbers of the animals to be tested.
Parentage verification will be automatically performed
if the sire and/or dam of the tested animal have DNA
on file though ADGA. The owner of the animal(s)
shall arrange for the samples to be obtained from each
animal. Each animal shall be identified by unique
tattoo corresponding to the registration/ recordation
certificate. When DNA analysis of parentage,
voluntary or mandatory, will be the basis of the
subsequent registration/recordation, the tattoo, birth
date, breed, and sex of the animal must be given the
time of the DNA request, will be indicated on the
laboratory results and must match the information
presented at the time of registration.
3. The appropriate fee for each animal to be DNA typed
must be paid before forms will be sent. ADGA will
send an electronic copy of the DNA request form
(formerly called Record of Identification form) to the
owner. A copy of the completed DNA request form
must be sent with the samples to the DNA typing
laboratory. The submitter should keep a copy for their
records.
4. Results of the DNA typing will be kept on file by the
laboratory performing the test and a copy will be sent
to the ADGA office. Specific marker system results
from DNA typing information will become a
confidential permanent record attached to the
registration/recordation for each animal tested.
Parentage qualification information or individual
typing information will become a part of the pedigree
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and registration/recordation certificate and indicated
by the following method:
DNA – PQ: Parentage Qualified
DNA – SQ: Sire Qualified
DNA – DQ: Dam Qualified
DNA – ID: Individual Type
5. Owners will be notified by the ADGA office
regarding the results of the DNA typing tests.
Payment of DNA fees for testing and revision of
certificates of all affected individuals when exclusions
are discovered is the responsibility of the breeder(s) of
the incorrectly identified source animal(s.) Where the
breeder is not accessible the responsibility for
payment will fall to the current owner of the animal.
6. All DNA typing processed at ADGA expense for
various registry programs, must be done at the ADGA
contracted laboratory.
7. Any semen DNA typed at the expense of ADGA
needs to have the straw properly labeled according to
requirements outlined in the Guidebook. This would
include DNA typing for random sample, Spotlight
Sale, and the AI sire typing programs. To ensure this,
a scan or photocopy must be made of any straw used
for typing, with copies sent to both the DNA lab and
to ADGA. Straws that are not properly labeled will
not be typed.
B. RANDOM DNA SAMPLING PROGRAM
The ADGA Voluntary Random DNA Sampling Program is
a program whereby every 75th buck registered or recorded
is selected for parentage testing as funding is available. The
full trio (buck offspring, sire and dam) is typed at ADGA’s
expense. Program will expire January 1, 2023.
C. BREED INFLUENCER PROGRAMS
1. Frequently used sire random program selects every
25
th
sire with 10 registered offspring within a period of
three years for DNA marker testing. Starts with sires
born January 2014 or later. Sire and dam may be
included as possible. ADGA provides payment.
2. Mandatory DNA marker testing including parentage
analysis when available of all Spotlight Sale animals.
Proof of submission of DNA samples required prior to
acceptance for sale. ADGA provides payment.
3. Voluntary DNA marker testing including parentage
analysis when available of Colorama Sale animals.
ADGA provides payment and will credit back to the
consignor if DNA marker testing has already been
performed.
4. Voluntary DNA marker testing including parentage
analysis when available of all Senior Doe National
Grand champions. ADGA provides payment.
5. Voluntary DNA marker testing including parentage
analysis when available of all National Show Total
Performers. ADGA provides payment.
6. Voluntary DNA marker testing including parentage
analysis when available of all #1 breed leaders for
milk, butterfat and protein. ADGA provides payment.
7. Voluntary DNA marker testing including parentage
analysis when available of all animals scoring 93 or
higher. ADGA provides payment.
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D. SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
DNA results, together with such other information as may
be available, along with recommendations from the Genetic
Advancement committee and input from staff, may be taken
into consideration by the Executive Committee in its
determination of a goat’s parentage or identity as
recognized by ADGA in the following situations:
1. If an official complaint has been filed with ADGA,
and there is justifiable cause to question parentage of
a goat. In this situation, the Executive Committee may
require the goat, sire and dam or other relatives to be
DNA typed, however, ADGA will not be involved in
the physical procurement of genetic material of
individual animals. The expenses of DNA typing in
this case will be allocated as the Executive Committee
determines.
2. If there is a parentage or identity determination to be
made on a goat, expenses shall be the responsibility of
the breeder per Sec. A(5) above in the case of an
exclusion.
All information concerning the DNA types of specific
individuals is confidential and remains the property of
ADGA. Questions, problems and complaints
regarding DNA types of specific individuals will be
handled through the Executive Committee and one
member of the ADGA Office Staff.
E. PROTOCOL FOR RESOLVING QUESTIONS AND
PARENTAGE
1. The ADGA Performance Programs Manager shall be
responsible for handling any questions or problems
raised during DNA typing procedures on animals
registered, recorded or applied for registration or
recordation with the American Dairy Goat
Association.
2. If a question or problem occurs during DNA typing,
the Performance Programs Manager shall contact the
owner and/or breeder of record for information
regarding the parentage or identification of the
animal(s) in question. The Performance Programs
Manager should elicit as much information as possible
regarding the sire and dam, potential for alternate sires
or dams, and the circumstances surrounding the
breeding and kidding. Information regarding kid
identification should also be obtained.
3. The Performance Programs Manager shall request
additional samples for DNA typing as needed to
resolve any parentage or identification questions
arising from the results of any ADGA DNA typing. If
either or both the sire or dam listed on the registration/
recordation does not qualify as parents, then further
samples must be submitted to determine the correct
parentage and the registration or recordation
certificate will be changed to list the correct parentage.
If further samples are not available to resolve the
parentage questions or if the issue cannot be resolved,
then the offspring would be registered/recorded in the
appropriate herd book or removed from the registry.
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a. In the event of an exclusion in the ADGA
Voluntary Random Sampling Program or the Breed
Influencer program, one additional animal will be
tested at ADGA’s expense. Any further testing to
resolve parentage would be at the expense of the
breeder or owner as per Sec, A (5).
b. For all other DNA typing resolution all expenses
being paid by the breeder or owner as per Sec, A (5).
4. The ADGA Performance Programs Manager will
contact the current owner(s) of any littermate sibling
(s) of an animal with a parentage exclusion and a
DNA sample from any littermate(s) will be requested.
Refusal to provide a sample from a littermate sibling
will result in freezing of registration/recordation of
any animals descending from that animal.
Alternatively, if eligible, the littermate sibling(s) (non-
Nigerian Dwarf females) and their descendants (non-
Nigerian Dwarf females and American eligible males)
can be moved to the appropriate herd-book. If the
littermate(s) is(are) deceased and there is no saved
genetic material (semen, oocytes, embryos) or
offspring no further action is required. If the
littermate(s) is(are) deceased and there is no saved
genetic material (semen or oocytes), but there are
offspring, the ADGA Performance Programs Manager
will work with the breeder and owner(s) of the
deceased animal to attempt to resolve the pedigree by
other means. In this case evidence (DNA typing and
herd records) related to the parentage of the animal
will be reviewed by the Executive Committee with
input as needed from the Performance Programs
Manager and the ADGA Genetic Advancement Com-
mittee to make an appropriate determination about the
fate of the affected animal’s registration information.
5. When genetic material from a potential parent is not
available for testing, ADGA will accept DNA profiles
derived using known offspring as per protocols laid
out by the testing laboratory. Animals registered with
ADGA that are used to derive a DNA profile cannot
subsequently be parentage verified using the derived
profile.
6. The ADGA Performance Programs Manager shall
keep the ADGA Executive Committee informed of
problems of verification or identification revealed
through DNA typing.
7. Both the ADGA Performance Programs Manager and
the Executive Committee shall maintain the
confidentiality of the DNA typing records. Errors in
registration, recordation or application shall be
handled quickly and discretely. If the ADGA
Performance Programs Manager and the Executive
Committee feel that an ADGA member has acted
fraudulently, then the matter can be pursued as any
other complaint or unfair practice.
8. The ADGA Performance Programs Manager shall
keep the ADGA Genetic Advancement Committee
Chairperson informed of all activities regarding DNA
typing services, but the identification of any ADGA
members involved shall not be disclosed unless a
formal complaint is filed.
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9. Additional Executive Committee action may be
necessary if an owner and/or breeder chooses not to
cooperate in resolving questions raised through DNA
typing.
E. PARENTAGE RESOLUTION
The ADGA DNA Typing program includes pursuing
parentage questions discovered through participation in the
ADGA Voluntary Random Sampling Program.
If either or both the sire or dam listed on the
registration/recordation does not qualify as parents, then
further samples must be submitted to determine the correct
parentage and the registration or recordation certificate will
be changed to list the correct parentage. The full trio (buck
offspring, sire and dam) is typed at ADGA’s expense.
If further samples are not available to resolve the
parentage questions or if the issue cannot be resolved, then
the offspring would be registered/recorded in the
appropriate herd book.
EMBRYO TRANSER
Documentation to assure registration of Embryo Transfer
offspring.
1. A copy of the Embryo Transfer (ET) form must be
filed with ADGA at no cost for each date of embryo
collection. This form may be filed by the person
performing the embryo collection, the owner, or the
agent. It is the responsibility of the owner of the
embryo donor (doe) to ensure that the collection form
has been submitted to ADGA. It is recommended that
the owner retain a copy of the form.
2. The ET form needs to contain the information as
described in Bylaw VIII.L and M of the ADGA
Guidebook.
3. DNA parentage verification is required for ADGA
registration of all ET offspring. Therefore DNA
samples of the embryo donor and sire should be
submitted at the time of a successful flush to assure
ADGA registration eligibility of resulting offspring
from either fresh or cryopreserved embryos.
4. The owner of the donor doe at the time of the embryo
collection is the owner of the embryos. The ET form
must be on file or submitted with the registration
application.
5. A bill of sale for embryos must be issued to document
transfer of ownership. Such bill of sale must be
presented with the ET form at time of registration
application unless the form is already on file with
ADGA. A bill of sale for said embryos would act as a
transfer of ownership, giving the embryo owner
permission to register resulting offspring.
6. All questions received by the ADGA office regarding
registry policy and procedures for assisted
reproductive technologies should be directed to the
Performance Programs Manager.
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ADGA Plus
A program that combines DHIR, Linear Appraisal and DNA
Marker Testing.
As these programs are bundled, there is a cost savings to the
member. See schedule of rates for fees. Annual enrollment in the
program includes 3 pre-paid DNA marker tests at a reduced rate,
discount on the DHIR/LA option, discount on other genetic
testing services, free annual subscription reports, a separate
listing on the ADGA website and in the Directory, and use of the
ADGA Plus logo.
Herds participating in ADGA Plus that cannot be
accommodated in the linear appraisal schedule, either due to
geographical location or other reason, as determined by program
staff and/or linear chairs, shall not be cause for the herd to be
excluded from ADGA Plus for that year. If a linear appraisal
application fee has been submitted, it may be credited to the
member’s account. Herds that do not have appraisal done
annually and are not exempted by the allowed exceptions, will be
charged the ADGA Plus enrollment fee for each year of
participation that is not continuous.
ELECTIONS PROTOCOL
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND PROCEDURES
Source Guides shall be Current Year's Guidebook, Current
Year's Membership Directory, and Eligible Voters to be
provided to the CPA by the ADGA Association Manager
prior to tabulation of votes.
1. Shall be conducted in keeping with the American
Dairy Goat Association Constitution and Bylaws.
2. Shall be based on the current year's membership list,
as of March 1st, compiled by the ADGA Association
Manager in accordance with the ADGA Constitution
and Bylaws.
3. Shall be conducted in keeping with the AICPA rules
for professional behavior (Code of Professional
Conduct and Bylaws).
4. The CPA may open the outer envelopes upon receipt;
verify the signature stubs with the list of eligible
voters supplied by the ADGA Association Manager;
and the eligible voters list clearly marked so as to
prevent two or more ballots from the same voter. All
outer envelopes and Signature Stubs must be retained
in the event that the election is challenged. The Ballot
Envelopes are to remain sealed until the meeting of
the tellers where the vote will be counted.
5. At the meeting of tellers where the vote is to be
counted, the following procedure will be strictly
followed:
a. Any and all remaining outer envelopes will be
opened, the respective signature stubs verified
with the eligible voters list, and the list clearly
marked to prevent two or more ballots from the
same voter.
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b. The process to verify individual voter eligibility
to vote in the election will be completed before
any ballot count commences.
c. The inner Ballot envelopes are opened and the
ballots sorted by district.
d. Each district is counted separately. One
announcing Teller (employees of the Election
CPA) will call out the vote on the ballot. Two
tellers will record the vote on the tally sheet(s)
prepared in advance with the name of the
candidates (general election) and/or sufficient
lines to record write-in nominations
(primary/general election). One recording teller
may also be the announcing teller. When voting
for that district is completed, the two records
will be compared for accuracy. In the event a
ballot is determined to be irregular on its face,
that ballot will be subject to the separate
procedure for irregular ballots contained herein.
e. The Certified Public Accountant shall submit
electronically (e.g. fax, email, etc.) to the
Association Manager, and the Executive
Committee, a completed tabulation of all votes
cast as soon as the results are complete, and shall
mail a copy of the results within two days. The
Association Manager shall post the election
results to the ADGA website by 10 AM the next
business day following electronically receiving
the results from the Certified Public Accountant.
f. At the completion of the tally, the CPA will sign
the tally sheet and certify the canvass of the
vote.
g. All election materials, including the outer and
inner envelopes; signature stubs; ballots; tally
sheets and irregular spoiled ballots will be sealed
and held at the office of the CPA for a minimum
period of thirty (30) days to afford any challenge
to the election.
h. Thereafter, election materials, including the
unused election ballots, will be held in a secure
container at the corporate offices of ADGA until
the meeting where the newly elected officers are
installed.
i. The list of members who voted in the Primary
and/or General Director Election will be released
to members upon request. The spoiled ballots
that can be identified will be included in the list
of members who voted. A separate list of spoiled
Primary and/or General Director Election ballots
will not be released. Members will be charged a
fee for preparation and mailing of these
documents in hard copy.
II. VOTER ELIGIBILITY
1. May not be a Youth Membership.
2. Must be listed in the current membership list of
eligible voters provided by the ADGA Association
Manager in same district as designated at top of ballot
as either a/an:
a. Life member
183
b. Individual member
c. Corporation, Association or Business
d. Family
e. Partnership of two or more individuals
3. Eligible voters are memberships identified by assigned
membership number, whose dues, where applicable,
were postmarked/faxed/emailed on or before March 1
for the current year.
4. Printed membership name shall be included for
verification.
5. Only one ballot shall be counted for each membership
number.
6. Must submit both a completed ballot and signature
stub including membership number.
7. The CPA shall keep a record of the memberships who
have voted.
III. NOMINEE
1. May not be a Youth Member.
2. Must be listed in the current membership list provided
by the ADGA Association Manager as an Individual
member, and be at least 21 years of age.
3. Must be listed in same district as designated at top of
ballot.
4. May not be a current Director unless eligible for re-
election.
5. May not be a Director Emeritus/Emerita.
IV. BALLOTS
CONCERN MUST BE TAKEN TO ENSURE THE
VOTER'S BALLOT IS COUNTED. All ballots arriving at
the CPA's office, on or before the deadline and enclosed in
a SEALED official envelope, shall be considered to be
secret, despite minor irregularities, as the CPA is an
impartial party employed by the American Dairy Goat
Association for this purpose. These circumstances shall
NOT disqualify the vote:
1. Extra marks or signature on ballot envelope.
2. Small technical errors such as the use of a nickname
or variation of the member's name shall not render the
ballot invalid so long as the membership number
indicates the intent of the voter.
3. Two or more ballot envelopes sent in one outer
envelope as long as valid signature stubs match the
number of ballot (inner) envelopes enclosed.
4. A ballot received in a District with two positions up
for election that only has ONE vote indicated. The
CPA will record only the one vote.
V. PROCEDURES FOR IRREGULAR BALLOTS
1. In recording the vote, blank ballots will not be counted
and irregular ballots not included in the tally until the
nature of the irregularity is reviewed by the CPA and a
determination made as to whether the ballot will be
counted.
2. An unidentifiable or illegible member's name and
number, and lack of a printed name on the signature
stub, will be treated as an invalid vote and not
counted. A ballot with illegible name and membership
184
number will be treated as an invalid vote and not
counted.
a. These irregular ballots will be accounted for
separately by the nature of the irregularity.
b. A brief letter will be sent to each member whose
Primary and/or General Director Election ballot
is declared spoiled. The letter will contain an
explanation of the reason the ballot was not
counted.
3. A vote for an incumbent Director, who is not eligible
for reelection, is invalid.
4. Ballots arriving AFTER the first Monday in June
(primary election) and the second Monday in August
(general election) will not be counted.
5. Ballot envelope(s) with more than ONE ballot
enclosed are invalid.
6. Signature stub not separated from ballot; Signature
stub and ballot in the outer envelope; Signature stub
and ballot in the ballot envelope; Signature stub in the
ballot envelope; and ballot in the outer envelope; each
will cause the ballot to be invalid.
7. Ballots not mailed in the pre-addressed envelope or
ballots sent to the ADGA office will be invalid.
8. A tally of Irregular ballots for each district will be
supplied with election results. Indication of type of
irregularities will be noted, such as: voted for
incumbent, arrived late, no signature stub, etc.
VI. DESIGNATION OF THE CPA AUTHORIZED TO
COUNT THE BALLOT
The person or firm designated by the President to tabulate
the ballot, pursuant to ADGA Const. Art. VII, sec. 4(c),
shall be a person or firm other than the CPA retained to
compile an account of the business affairs of the
Association.
VIII. NO EX PARTE COMMUNICATION
Upon receipt of notification by the ADGA President of
selection to count the primary and general ballot, the CPA
will not engage in ex parte, or individual, direct
communication with directors or members until the ballot is
certified. Any questions or clarifications are to be directed
to the President through the Association Manager.
VIII. OBSERVERS
1. Must be a current member of ADGA eligible to vote
in this election and at least 21 years of age.
2. Must submit a written request to the ADGA
Association Manager 15 to 30 days prior to close of
voting for the election they wish to observe.
3. Will be notified of the date, time, and location of vote
count by the ADGA Association Manager. A list of
selected observers will be published on the ADGA
website.
4. May make written notes while observing vote count,
but may not make comments to tellers or any other
individuals during the count.
5. May leave the counting area temporarily, but may not
go so frequently as to disturb the counting of votes.
185
6. May not have a cell phone or other forms of electronic
devices in the counting area at any time.
7. Shall not communicate the election results until they
are finalized, the candidates are notified and the
election results are posted on the ADGA website or 96
hours after the count. Communicating results prior to
this time may constitute Conduct Detrimental to the
Association.
8. Must notify the ADGA Association Manager within
48 hours of any irregularity observed during counting.
The irregularity shall only deal with the procedure, not
the actual count.
9. Observers limited to two per district. If more than two
per district apply, the ADGA Executive Committee
will select by postmark or drawing.
10. Should total number of Observers exceed space
availability; the number per district will be lowered to
one.
CARL SANDBURG HOME
NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE
In 1968 the United States Congress authorized the Carl
Sandburg Home National Historic Site as a unit of the National
Park System located in Flat Rock, North Carolina. Visitors to the
site are able to view the home of one of America’s most famous
poets and the Connemara herd of dairy goats loved by his wife. A
mandate of the U.S. Park Service is the continuation of the dairy
goat herd established between 1935 and 1937. In recognition of
Lilian (Paula) Sandburg’s commitment and the positive
experience with dairy goats provided to the public in this unique
setting, ADGA provides annually the linear appraisal program to
the Connemara herd free of charge.
ADGA ACADEMIC SCHOLARSHIPS
ADGA annually offers scholarships to regular or youth
members of the American Dairy Goat Association (applicant may
be part of a family or joint membership), enrolled in an accredited
university or college. Only one ADGA scholarship will be
awarded per individual per year. Contact the ADGA office or the
chairperson of the Scholarship Committee for information.
186
International Association of Fairs and Expositions
National Code of Show Ring Ethics
Exhibitors of animals at livestock shows shall at all times conduct
themselves with honesty and good sportsmanship. Their conduct
in this competitive environment shall always reflect the highest
standards of honor and dignity to promote the advancement of
agricultural education. This code applies to junior as well as open
class exhibitors who compete in structured classes of
competition. This code applies to all livestock offered in any
event at a livestock show. In addition to the “IAFE National Code
of Show Ring Ethics,” fairs and livestock shows may have rules
and regulations which they impose on the local, county, state,
provincial and national levels.
All youth leaders working with junior exhibitors are under
an affirmative responsibility to do more than avoid improper
conduct or questionable acts. Their moral values must be so
certain and positive that those younger and more pliable will be
influenced by their fine example. Owners, exhibitors, fitters,
trainers and absolutely responsible persons who violate the code
of ethics will forfeit premiums, awards and auction proceeds and
shall be prohibited from future exhibition in accordance with the
rules adopted by the respective fairs and livestock shows.
Exhibitors who violate this code of ethics demean the integrity of
all livestock exhibitors and should be prohibited from
competition at all livestock shows in the United States and
Canada.
The following is a list of guidelines for all exhibitors and all
livestock in competitive events:
1. All exhibitors must present, upon request of fair and
livestock show officials, proof of ownership, length of ownership
and age of all animals entered. Misrepresentation of ownership,
age, or any facts relating thereto is prohibited.
2. Owners, exhibitors, fitters, trainers, or absolutely
responsible persons shall provide animal health certificates from
licensed veterinarians upon request by fair or livestock show
officials.
3. Junior exhibitors are expected to care for and groom their
animals while at fairs or livestock shows.
4. Animals shall be presented to show events where they
will enter the food chain free of violative drug residues. The act
of entering an animal in a livestock show is the giving of consent
by the owner, exhibitor, fitter, trainer and/or absolutely
responsible person for show management to obtain any
specimens of urine, saliva, blood, or other substances from the
animal to be used in testing. Animals not entered in an event
which culminates with the animal entering the food chain shall
not be administered drugs other than in accordance with
applicable federal, state and provincial statutes, regulations and
rules.
If the laboratory report on the analysis of saliva, urine,
blood, or other sample taken from livestock indicates the
presence of forbidden drugs or medication, this shall be prima
facie evidence such substance has been administered to the
animal either internally or externally. It is presumed that the
sample of urine, saliva, blood, or other substance tested by the
laboratory to which it is sent is the one taken from the animal in
question, its integrity is preserved and all procedures of said
collection and preservation, transfer to the laboratory and analysis
of the sample are correct and accurate and the report received
from the laboratory pertains to the sample taken from the animal
in question and correctly reflects the condition of the animal at
the time the sample was taken, with the burden on the owner,
exhibitor, fitter, trainer, or absolutely responsible person to prove
otherwise.
At any time after an animal arrives on the fair or livestock
show premises, all treatments involving the use of drugs and/or
medications for the sole purpose of protecting the health of the
animal shall be administered by a licensed veterinarian.
187
5. Any surgical procedure or injection of any foreign
substance or drug or the external application of any substance
(irritant, counterirritant, or similar substance) which could affect
the animal’s performance or alter its natural contour,
confirmation, or appearance, except external applications of
substances to the hoofs or horns of animals which affect
appearance only and except for surgical procedures performed by
a duly licensed veterinarian for the sole purpose of protecting the
health of the animal, is prohibited.
6. The use of showing and/or handling practices or devices
such as striking animals to cause swelling, using electrical
contrivance, or other similar practices are not acceptable and are
prohibited.
7. Direct criticism or interference with the judge, fair or
livestock show management, other exhibitors, breed
representatives, or show officials before, during, or after the
competitive event is prohibited. In the furtherance of their official
duty, all judges, fair and livestock show management, or other
show officials shall be treated with courtesy, cooperation and
respect and no person shall direct abusive or threatening conduct
toward them.
8. No owner, exhibitor, fitter, trainer, or absolutely
responsible person shall conspire with another person or persons
to intentionally violate this code of ethics or knowingly
contribute or cooperate with another person or persons either by
affirmative action or inaction to violate this code of ethics.
Violation of this rule shall subject such individual to disciplinary
action.
9. The application of this code of ethics provides for
absolute responsibility for an animal’s condition by an owner,
exhibitor, fitter, trainer, or participant whether or not he or she
was actually instrumental in or had actual knowledge of the
treatment of the animal in contravention of this code of ethics.
10. The act of entering an animal is the giving of consent by
the owner, exhibitor, fitter, trainer, or absolutely responsible
person to have disciplinary action taken by the fair or livestock
show for violation of this Code of Show Ring Ethics and any
other rules of competition of the fair or livestock show without
recourse against the fair or livestock show. The act of entering an
animal is the giving of consent that any proceedings or
disciplinary action taken by the fair or livestock show may be
published with the name of the violator or violators in any
publication of the International Association of Fairs and
Expositions, including Fairs and Expositions and any special
notices to members.
11. The act of entering of an animal in a fair or livestock
show is the giving of verification by the owner, exhibitor, fitter,
trainer, or absolutely responsible person that he or she has read
the IAFE National Code of Show Ring Ethics and understands
the consequences of and penalties provided for actions prohibited
by the code. It is further a consent that any action which
contravenes these rules and is also in violation of federal, state, or
provincial statutes, regulations, or rules may be released to
appropriate law enforcement authorities with jurisdiction over
such infractions.
188
DAIRY GOAT WELL-BEING POLICIES
5 Freedoms of Dairy Goat Well-Being *
1. FREEDOM FROM HUNGER AND THIRST by
ready access to fresh water and diet to maintain health
and vigor.
2. FREEDOM FROM DISCOMFORT by providing an
appropriate environment including shelter and a
comfortable resting area.
3. FREEDOM FROM PAIN, INJURY OR DISEASE by
prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment.
4. FREEDOM TO EXPRESS NORMAL BEHAVIOR
by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and
company of the animal's own kind.
5. FREEDOM FROM FEAR AND DISTRESS by
ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mental
suffering.
* Adapted by the American Dairy Goat Association from the
Farm Animal Welfare Council standards
Statement of Position on Animal Care *
• Produce a quality, wholesome, nutritious product
• Provide a high standard of livestock health
• Manage livestock in a humane manner
• Use and maintain transportation and handling facilities
that provide livestock health and safety
• Provide feed and water to maintain livestock health
and productivity
• Consult with a licensed veterinarian concerning
animal health care practices
• Use approved livestock health products according to
label directions
• Sustain and conserve natural resources by proper
management of land, air, water and wildlife
• Support and maintain rural and family traditions
important to our society
* Adopted from the National Pedigreed Livestock Council on
October 24, 1991
189
While every care has been exercised in compiling and
publishing the data contained in these pages, American
Dairy Goat Association acknowledges that errors or
omissions could occur in the assembling of this material.
Questions related to any section should be directed to the
Office Manager. We reserve the right to update or modify
the information in this publication if errors are found or rules
are changed.
190
INDEX
1*M, 78
100%, 68, 163
15%, 69, 155, 159
180, 5, 56, 73
2*M, 78
2/3, 11, 15, 16
305, 36, 65, 66, 67, 69,
75, 79
305-day, 36, 66, 69
4-H, 3, 5, 25, 39, 40, 97,
98, 99, 105, 126,
153, 165
Abnormal, 65, 82, 120,
121, 147
Absent, 22
Absentees, 97, 98, 99
Abuse, 19
Acceptance, 5, 15, 34,
46, 58, 64, 66, 69,
107, 168, 177
Accidental, 33, 172
Accompanying, 11, 54,
55
Accordance, 12, 13, 15,
73, 134, 174, 181,
186
Account, 24, 25, 34, 85,
134, 163, 181, 184
Accountant, 11, 12, 13,
16, 182
Accuracy, 111, 126,
128, 132, 182
Accurate, 88, 109, 110,
167, 171, 186
Act, 23, 31, 138, 169,
180, 186, 187
Actions, 10, 19, 24, 25,
73, 91, 187
Add, 63, 70, 107, 163,
164
Added, 18, 37, 54, 94,
103
ADGA Plus, 5, 181
ADGA Representative,
3, 25, 41
ADGA-Registered, 78,
79, 80
ADGA-SDP, 88, 89
Adjudicated, 19, 134
Administered, 135, 186
Administrator, 19, 168
Adopted, 9, 14, 40, 50,
121, 156, 186, 188
Adult, 83, 85, 124, 164
Advance, 17, 30, 106,
107, 127, 130, 134,
163, 175, 182
Advanced Judge, 3,
25, 32, 40, 128, 129,
130, 131, 135
Advertising, 4, 33, 47,
80, 86
Advisory, 19, 29, 31, 40
Aesthetic, 117, 121,
122, 123
Affect, 92, 124, 159,
187
Affixed, 55, 94
Agent, 58, 62, 83, 93,
101, 106, 173, 180
Ages, 35, 104, 105
Agree, 26, 29, 110, 133,
134, 137, 158, 160,
162
Agreement, 26, 82, 92,
154, 165
Agricultural, 186
AGS, 46, 54, 59, 69, 79,
163
AI, 4, 42, 59, 61, 169,
177
Allow, 59, 84, 119, 133,
139
Alpines, 50, 122, 123
Alter, 15, 187
Alternate, 71, 129, 137,
176, 178
Alternative, 127, 128,
129, 133, 156
Amend, 9
Amendment, 9, 16
Amendments, 3, 16,
30, 32
American, 2, 4, 9, 17,
33, 34, 35, 36, 40,
43, 44, 46, 47, 48,
49, 50, 51, 52, 53,
54, 55, 64, 65, 69,
191
73, 76, 78, 88, 89,
91, 94, 109, 126,
134, 135, 139, 155,
158, 160, 162, 166,
167, 178, 179, 181,
183, 185, 188, 189
Ampule, 58, 61
Analysis, 30, 110, 122,
158, 160, 162, 176,
177, 186
Angle, 114, 150
Angular, 112, 150
Animal Welfare, 188
Annual Meeting, 3, 10,
13, 16, 19, 21, 23,
24, 25, 26, 31, 32,
33, 40, 56, 58, 129,
131, 132, 133, 137,
175
APCS, 71
Applicant, 18, 48, 64,
84, 85, 135, 185
Applications, 20, 48, 63,
76, 83, 108, 167,
168, 169, 172, 187
Applies, 69, 116, 121,
123, 173, 186
Appointed, 11, 12, 16,
40, 41, 53, 129
Appraisers, 32, 87, 88
Apprentice, 37, 127,
128, 130, 137
April, 68, 84, 164
AR, 64, 67, 68, 71, 78,
79, 80, 164, 165
Arched, 112, 114, 115,
122, 150, 151
Archives, 31, 41
Arrange, 38, 72, 131,
133, 176
Arrangements, 64, 131
Arrears, 17, 24
Artificial Insemination,
39, 45, 58, 59, 60,
63, 165
Artificially, 52, 167
Assembly, 81, 112, 117,
149, 150
Associated, 24, 41, 84,
88, 117, 118, 159
Association Manager,
14, 15, 23, 25, 43,
47, 60, 70, 72, 73,
181, 182, 183, 184,
185
Assure, 172, 180
Attached, 12, 68, 124,
151, 176
Attend, 128, 129, 131,
132, 133, 175
Attendance, 26, 135,
137
Attending, 26, 34, 70,
127
Attire, 5, 107, 139
Attitude, 41, 126, 153
Audit, 3, 16, 72
Audited, 16, 132
Auditing, 72
Auditors, 132, 133
August, 12, 32, 184
Auspices, 26, 68, 81
Authenticity, 19, 60
Authority, 9, 13, 24, 25,
34, 102, 168
Authorization, 24, 168
Authorized, 5, 10, 13,
28, 44, 60, 130, 132,
171, 185
Automatic, 17, 78, 79,
164
Automatically, 24, 54,
65, 78, 111, 134, 135
Average, 65, 72, 80, 88,
109, 124
Award, 18, 27, 28,
29, 35, 77, 94, 103, 105,
126, 135, 155, 164
Aware, 43, 111, 153,
173
Bacterial, 119
Balloting, 12, 13
Bar, 34, 167
Barn, 71, 72, 73, 77,
108
Barred, 93, 94
Barrel, 114, 149, 151
Base, 45, 83, 90, 105,
142, 143, 167, 174
Bid, 26, 33, 38, 175
Billed, 86, 87
Blank, 11, 102, 103,
108, 168, 183
192
Blemishes, 119, 121,
122, 123
Blind, 119, 120, 147
Blood, 119, 186
Blue, 59, 95, 96, 111,
120, 126, 139
Board Meeting, 23
Bone, 45, 112, 113,
114, 121, 143, 150,
167
Bowed, 117, 146
Bred, 14, 30, 44, 53, 57,
88, 155, 170, 176
Breed Leader, 66, 68,
69, 72, 164, 177
Breed Standard, 3, 5,
25, 29, 30, 32, 44,
46, 47, 48, 49, 51,
52, 53, 56, 57, 58,
60, 69, 110, 121,
122, 123, 134, 150,
153, 165, 167
Breedings, 40, 44, 48,
49, 125
Bridge, 117, 122, 123
Brief, 131, 139, 184
Brisket, 113, 114, 150
British, 21, 30, 79, 141
Budget, 31, 33, 36, 133
Bulbous, 118, 122, 146
Bulk, 71, 72, 74, 121
Canada, 9, 55, 186
Capacious, 115, 151
Card, 126, 163, 168
Carriage, 112, 117, 120,
152
Cartilage, 123, 142,
172, 174
Cast, 11, 16, 23, 51, 182
Centers, 64, 68
Certificate, 5, 9, 18, 34,
35, 42, 43, 44, 47,
54, 55, 62, 66, 67,
68, 77, 78, 79, 82,
83, 86, 89, 94, 96,
101, 102, 103, 105,
126, 135, 148, 155,
163, 164, 165, 168,
170, 171, 173, 174,
175, 176, 177, 178,
180
Certification, 5, 77,
126, 127, 131, 135,
173
Certify, 32, 77, 102,
132, 134, 182
Certifying, 58, 62, 64,
91
CGS, 30, 46, 54, 55, 59,
69, 92, 99, 163
CH, 55, 94, 99, 155, 164
Challengers, 101
Chamoisee, 45, 123,
141, 142, 147
Champions, 55, 94, 96,
99
Championships, 4, 99,
105, 108
Characteristics, 105,
112, 123, 124, 129,
150
Charges, 14, 84, 104,
133, 154
Checked, 46, 64, 107
Check-in, 34, 35, 36
Checking, 40, 44, 77,
93, 108, 163
Chine, 113, 150
Circle, 101, 125, 153
Circumstance, 17, 66,
83, 93, 128, 129
Civil, 19, 155
Clinical, 120, 149
Cloning, 4, 39, 46, 63,
64
Closing, 35, 36, 39, 175
Clothing, 139
Club, 76, 105, 106, 107,
126, 139
Coarseness, 114, 124,
150
Coat, 120, 141, 143,
145, 147, 152
Codes, 71, 74
Collar, 152, 153, 167
Collected, 58, 59, 60,
61, 63
Collecting, 59, 71
Collects, 31, 71
Colorama, 33, 175, 177
193
Colored, 122, 123
Colors, 123, 141, 142,
143
Combinations, 85, 112,
141
Combined, 93, 103, 104
Commercial, 19, 80
Competency, 31, 104,
108
Competitions, 4, 64,
76, 78
Competitive, 38, 186,
187
Complainant, 14, 136
Complaining, 14, 15,
104
Complaint, 14, 15, 19,
22, 92, 104, 136,
137, 155, 178, 179
Compliance, 15, 69, 77
Complications, 120,
122, 128, 129
Comply, 34, 77, 137,
174
Complying, 96, 97, 98,
99
Component, 31, 69, 70,
71, 77
Components, 68, 77, 80
Composite, 59, 65
Computing, 73, 90, 105
Conception, 44, 105
Concern, 83, 118, 124,
132, 137
Concise, 53, 109, 112
Conferences, 5, 32,
133
Confidence, 110, 111,
134
Confident, 109, 110,
111
Confidential, 22, 62,
176, 178
Confidentiality, 22, 31,
178
Conflict, 44, 73
Conform, 35, 36, 52,
57, 167
Conformation, 110,
124, 125, 126, 153
Conjunction, 32, 40, 94,
129, 131, 133
Consecutive, 29, 37, 38,
66, 67, 68, 69, 78,
128
Consent, 31, 186, 187
Consequent, 117, 118,
119
Conserve, 85, 188
Consignments, 40, 175
Container, 59, 92, 182
Contract, 66, 91, 92,
106, 133, 155, 158,
160
Control, 14, 24, 33, 44,
120, 152, 156, 170
Convention, 17, 26, 28,
38, 128, 132, 133,
165
Conventions, 26, 41
Convex, 122, 142
Cooperation, 24, 33,
64, 187
Corrected, 88, 167
Correctness, 40, 117,
149, 172
Cosmetic, 117, 122, 123
Council, 42, 64, 188
Countries, 43, 80
Couple, 27, 106
Course, 15, 30, 91, 132,
137
Court, 19, 21, 25
Courteous, 125, 153,
154
Courtesy, 109, 110,
125, 187
Credit, 18, 34, 55, 96,
103, 163, 165, 177
Criminal, 19, 134, 169
Crooked, 118, 119, 121,
146, 147
Crops, 110, 113, 114,
150, 151
Cut, 112, 114, 119, 121,
124, 138, 146, 147,
150, 151
Cylindrical, 115, 124,
151
Dam, 34, 44, 46, 48, 49,
50, 51, 52, 53, 54,
194
61, 62, 63, 78, 80,
88, 170, 176, 177,
178, 180
Damage, 33, 119, 138
Dams, 79, 80, 125, 178
Database, 57, 65, 66,
81, 88, 155, 156,
158, 159, 160, 164,
171, 174
Daughter, 34
Daughters, 79, 80, 81,
88, 124
Deadline, 22, 83, 85,
183
Death, 18, 19, 24, 128,
129, 168
December, 18, 25, 94,
128, 134, 166
Declare, 10, 23, 60, 134
Declared, 10, 12, 44,
74, 184
Deemed, 15, 16, 22, 34,
40, 43, 104, 136,
157, 168
Deficiencies, 117
Define, 32
Definite, 15, 41, 110,
121
Definition, 4, 118, 130
Deleted, 29, 34, 86, 87
Delinquent, 68
Denied, 19, 20, 65, 91,
94
Department, 19, 63,
109
Deposit, 14, 15
Depth, 112, 113, 115,
118, 149, 150, 151
Description, 33, 109,
156, 171
Descriptive, 81, 109,
111
Design, 32, 167
Designate, 19, 172
Destroyed, 170
Determination, 15, 58,
81, 156, 177, 183
Detrimental, 14, 19, 22,
117, 185
Develop, 30, 31, 32, 39,
81, 156
Device, 42, 69, 77, 92,
167, 168, 173, 174
DHIA, 36, 53, 65, 69,
70, 73
DHIR, 4, 18, 35, 39, 64,
65, 66, 68, 69, 70,
71, 72, 74, 78, 79,
83, 164, 165, 181
Difference, 90, 117,
122, 123
Director, 10, 11, 12, 14,
15, 21, 22, 23, 26,
27, 56, 182, 183, 184
Directors Emeriti, 11,
21, 27
Directory, 19, 24, 29,
31, 127, 128, 163,
166, 181
Disaster, 170
Disciplinary, 15, 20, 65,
187
Disciplined, 20
Discount, 83, 109, 181
Discriminated, 141,
143, 149
Disease, 19, 42, 84,
118, 119, 120, 124,
156, 157, 158
Dished, 123, 141, 142,
143, 145
Disinfect, 92
Disputes, 19, 155
Disqualified, 93, 94, 96,
105, 116, 123, 168
Dissemination, 22, 32
Distance, 113, 150, 151
District, 9, 10, 11, 12,
16, 20, 21, 22, 38,
106, 182, 183, 184,
185
Districts, 10, 16, 20, 21,
37
Disturb, 14, 173, 184
Divided, 10, 20, 116,
135
Divisions, 93, 95, 96,
98, 135
DNA, 5, 44, 45, 52, 58,
60, 61, 63, 158, 160,
162, 164, 165, 176,
195
177, 178, 179, 180,
181
Document, 22, 60, 69,
89, 169, 179
Domiciled, 10
Donations, 31, 33, 41
Dorsal, 45, 114, 141,
143, 150
Draw, 11, 92, 93, 102
Dress, 41, 139
DRPC, 64, 65, 66, 71,
72, 73
Drug, 186, 187
Drugs, 65, 186
Dual, 69, 92
Duplicate, 5, 82, 83,
89, 96, 101, 102,
103, 105, 170
Duplication, 46, 89, 90,
102, 120
Dwarfs, 122, 123
Ease, 106, 116, 117,
118, 119, 151
Educational, 3, 25, 31,
39, 40, 88, 109
Eight, 10, 16, 20, 21, 69,
72, 82, 96, 97, 99,
167
Elastic, 115, 119, 151
Elbow, 110, 112, 113,
114, 150, 151
Elect, 10, 14, 37, 40, 88,
110
Election, 11, 12, 13, 21,
22, 23, 24, 27, 89,
165, 169, 181, 182,
183, 184, 185
Elections, 3, 5, 11, 24
Electronic, 5, 23, 31,
42, 96, 101, 102,
103, 165, 168, 169,
173, 185
Emaciation, 120, 146
Email, 23, 83, 85, 90,
169, 182
Embryo Transfer, 4, 5,
39, 57, 61, 62, 63,
180
Embryos, 57, 63, 180
Emergency, 34, 97, 98,
99, 168
Emeriti, 11, 21, 27, 129,
133
Emeritus, 21, 27, 135,
183
Emphasis, 125, 149
Employee, 22, 66, 85,
91
Employer, 66, 85, 91
Enlarged, 117, 120, 146
Enroll, 65, 69
Ensure, 38, 58, 60, 62,
83, 89, 174, 177,
180, 183
Entity, 22, 30, 167
Environment, 124, 186,
188
Equitable, 10, 20
Equivalent, 53, 55, 72
Erect, 45, 141, 142, 143
Errors, 167, 178, 183,
189
Escutcheon, 114, 115,
118, 150, 151
Estate, 19, 168
ET, 42, 63, 180
ETA, 88
ETAs, 88
Ethics, 31, 32, 104, 108,
130, 131, 186, 187
Evaluating, 81, 117,
119, 123, 149
Evaluation of Defects,
5, 44, 45, 105, 108,
126, 129, 134, 149,
153
Evaluations, 42, 88,
110, 132, 134, 155,
164
Excellence, 86, 164
Excellent, 81, 85, 106,
125, 141, 142, 173
Exceptions, 17, 80, 82,
181
Excess, 114, 115, 150,
151
Exchange, 97, 98, 99,
125, 154
Excused, 82
Executive Committee,
3, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 17, 19, 24, 25,
196
26, 40, 41, 44, 47,
53, 73, 83, 169, 178,
179, 182, 185
Exhibit, 37, 94, 105,
106, 120, 154, 157
Exhibitor, 33, 34, 35,
89, 91, 92, 93, 94,
101, 105, 107, 108,
110, 134, 152, 186,
187
Expelled, 15, 19, 20
Experimental, 4, 44,
45, 46, 48, 49, 50,
51, 52, 53, 66, 77
Experimentals, 52, 94
Expired, 15, 23
Expires, 128, 134
Expulsion, 15, 20, 169
Expunged, 19
Extended, 66, 128, 129
Extension, 17, 128,
129, 131
External, 187
Eye, 109, 120, 143, 153
Facial, 45, 141, 142,
143, 147
Facilities, 26, 33, 38,
131, 133, 188
Failure, 23, 34, 74, 92,
103, 128, 129, 137,
171
Fairgrounds, 34, 133
Fairs, 37, 38, 42, 138,
186, 187
Farley, 27
Farm, 35, 168, 171, 188
Fat, 88, 152
Faulted, 118, 148
Faults, 32, 153
February, 88, 165
Federal, 19, 42, 169,
173, 174, 186, 187
Feed, 117, 133, 154,
188
Feminine, 112, 143
Fertility, 154, 155
Fetus, 105, 121
FFA, 3, 25, 39, 40, 97,
98, 99, 105, 153
Fifteen, 10, 57, 170
Finance, 3, 25, 30
Findings, 15, 19
Fine, 104, 142, 143, 186
Fire, 170
Firm, 9, 22, 109, 168,
172, 184
Fitter, 186, 187
Five, 10, 14, 18, 37, 40,
66, 67, 86, 169, 173
Flank, 114, 115, 149,
150, 151, 171
Flashlight, 107, 173
Flat, 142, 150, 163, 168,
185
Flexible, 118, 150
Floor, 113, 114, 115,
118, 150, 151
Flow, 118, 119
Food, 132, 174, 186
Foot, 118
Force, 9, 57
Forehead, 45, 143
Foreign, 57, 80, 187
Forelegs, 113, 143
Foreribs, 114, 151
Forfeit, 99, 103, 186
Forfeited, 17, 21, 87,
127, 128, 171
Forfeiture, 128, 129
Format, 19, 26, 42, 86,
169
Formula, 21, 88
Fourteen, 21, 23, 91,
167
Four-year, 131
Frame, 115, 119
Fraud, 14, 43
Fresh, 119, 146, 180,
188
Freshening, 35, 65, 66,
74, 75
Frozen, 57
Function, 40, 112, 117,
118, 149
Fund, 3, 25, 38
Fundamentals, 32
GCH, 55, 92, 94, 99, 155
Gender, 121, 122, 123,
156, 158, 160
Generate, 39, 73, 88
Generation, 57, 164,
165
197
Genetics, 99, 141, 155,
159, 164
Gestation, 105, 121
Girth, 117, 146
Gopher, 45, 50, 123,
142, 147
Government, 3, 25, 31
Grade, 4, 48, 50, 51,
52, 53, 64, 65, 94,
119, 148, 171
Grades, 4, 81, 93, 94,
148, 171
Grandam, 50, 51, 52, 78
Grandparents, 53, 54,
57, 65, 85, 91
Grant, 18, 41, 68, 81,
116
Grooming, 5, 126
Group Testing, 4, 70
Guide, 5, 73, 77, 126,
166
Guilty, 19, 104, 134
Hairs, 143, 145
Half, 88, 119, 120, 124,
146, 147, 151, 170
Halves, 115, 118, 120,
146, 151
Handle, 73, 92, 106
Handler, 106, 153, 167
Handling, 167, 177,
187, 188
Hands, 92
Hearings, 5, 15
Heel, 113, 118, 150
Hemisphere, 43, 44, 54,
60
Herd Name, 5, 18, 27,
28, 29, 34, 46, 47,
82, 163, 165, 169,
170, 172
Hermaphroditism, 120,
147, 155
Hernia, 121, 147
Hind, 113, 118, 143,
146, 152
Hindquarters, 141
Historic, 5, 27, 29, 185
History, 3, 9, 25, 31,
55, 56, 127
Hock, 113, 118, 150,
167
Holding, 21, 128, 133,
152
Hooves, 126, 143
Horns, 89, 117, 170,
187
Hosting, 26, 84
Hours, 12, 25, 77, 185
Housing, 120, 133
Ideal, 81, 109, 123, 126
Identity, 168, 176, 178
Illegible, 43, 77, 87,
102, 175, 183
Illness, 82, 128, 129
Impact, 31, 116, 117,
121, 122, 158
Impair, 116, 117
Implementation, 24,
31, 39, 157
Import, 57, 60
Imposed, 22, 134, 137
Improper, 120, 186
Inappropriate, 134,
138, 169
Incorrectness, 118, 122
Incumbent, 184
Indemnify, 22, 158, 160
Index, 5, 88, 155
Ineligible, 22, 37
Infection, 119, 120
Information
Management, 3, 25,
31
Infractions, 86, 87, 187
Infringement, 47, 170
Inhibit, 116, 118, 119
Injury, 33, 82
Ink, 59, 172
Inspection, 13, 92, 173,
174
Instruction, 12, 125,
130, 174
Instructions, 12, 54,
158, 160, 165
Instructor, 131
Instructors, 26, 32, 131
Insure, 33, 40, 91, 173
Integrity, 39, 109, 126,
186
Interfere, 120, 147
Interference, 118, 187
198
Intermediate, 122, 133,
159
Invalid, 183, 184
Investigate, 39, 41, 135,
137, 138
Irregular, 120, 182, 183,
184
Irregularity, 21, 118,
183, 184, 185
Issuance, 66, 76, 94
Issue, 15, 16, 58, 76,
104, 114, 115, 118,
119, 138, 146, 150,
151, 178
Issues, 14, 19, 22, 31,
38, 83, 164
Issuing, 9
ITP, 71, 72, 74
Jaw, 112, 117, 146, 150
Jeans, 107, 139
Judge, 4, 5, 27, 36, 37,
90, 91, 92, 94, 99,
101, 102, 103, 104,
105, 106, 107, 108,
109, 110, 111, 116,
118, 124, 125, 126,
127, 128, 129, 130,
131, 132, 134, 135,
136, 152, 153, 166,
168, 187
Judges, 3, 4, 5, 25, 31,
32, 36, 37, 40, 92,
99, 103, 104, 106,
107, 108, 111, 123,
127, 128, 129, 130,
131, 133, 134, 135,
136, 137, 138, 167
Judging, 4, 5, 32, 37,
90, 92, 93, 94, 102,
103, 105, 107, 108,
110, 111, 117, 119,
122, 123, 124, 125,
126, 127, 128, 129,
130, 131, 132, 134,
135, 138
Judgment, 19, 116,
120, 122
Judicial, 32, 108
Junction, 112, 150
June, 11, 22, 42, 60,
171, 184
Junior, 4, 91, 95, 96,
98, 99, 105, 120,
129, 149, 186
Juniors, 101, 126
Jurisdiction, 30, 155,
187
Justified, 14, 15, 104,
124
Kid, 44, 46, 51, 105,
121, 178
Kidding, 67, 77, 82, 117,
119, 178
Knee, 117, 139, 143
Knowingly, 48, 94, 95,
111, 187
Label, 68, 188
Lactating, 115, 117,
118, 119, 151
Lactations, 35, 66, 68,
69, 70, 72
LaManchas, 44, 50, 55,
122, 123
Lameness, 117, 120,
146, 147
Law, 9, 170, 187
Leaders, 68, 111, 126,
186
Leading, 150, 152, 153
Leaking, 119, 146
Lean, 150
Lease, 20, 44, 46, 108,
165, 169
Leased, 96, 98
Leg, 4, 42, 96, 97, 98,
99, 103, 105, 108,
113, 115, 118, 151,
167
Legal, 25, 47, 168, 169
Legality, 16
Lessee, 20, 44, 46
Levels, 88, 159, 168,
186
Liaison, 3, 25, 30, 38,
39
Licenses, 127, 128,
129, 132
Licensing, 128, 135
Life, 17, 18, 108, 155,
182
Lifetime, 18, 27, 36, 55,
149, 169
199
Ligament, 115, 151
Linear Appraisal, 3, 4,
19, 25, 28, 32, 40,
42, 69, 80, 81, 82,
84, 86, 87, 88, 164,
165, 173, 181, 185
Litigation, 11, 25
Locomotive, 118
Loin, 113, 150
Longevity, 81, 116,
117, 119, 121
Lost, 43, 170, 171
Lustrous, 114, 150
Males, 5, 50, 121, 122,
131, 149, 150, 168
Malformed, 119, 146
Mark, 6, 12, 172
Masculinity, 124, 150
Master, 129, 133, 135,
171
Mastitis, 119, 120, 147
Match, 13, 96, 102,
175, 176, 183
Mated, 47
Maternal, 50, 51, 52, 53
Mating, 52, 164, 176
Maturity, 121, 124, 149
Maximum, 27, 77, 94,
123, 142, 167
ME, 6, 7, 72, 73
Measure, 77, 107, 142
Medial, 115, 118, 151
Medical, 65, 97, 98, 99
Membership, 3, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
17, 18, 19, 21, 22,
23, 24, 25, 27, 29,
30, 32, 33, 37, 39,
40, 58, 59, 64, 80,
83, 89, 126, 127,
128, 134, 156, 163,
165, 166, 167, 168,
169, 171, 172, 181,
182, 183, 185
Memberships, 17, 19,
30, 32, 35, 171, 183
Memorandum, 44, 170
Microphone, 108, 110
Milked, 77, 82, 83, 93,
95, 105
Milker, 76, 78, 105,
164, 165
Milkers, 95, 96, 101,
103, 108, 116
Milking Competition,
4, 64, 68, 69, 76, 77,
79, 165
Milkings, 68, 69, 70, 71,
77, 78
Milkout, 4, 77, 92, 93,
105, 119
Minimal, 122
Minor, 110, 111, 116,
121, 183
Minutes, 13, 21, 23, 24,
125
Misrepresentation, 14,
43, 47, 48, 155, 170,
186
Moderately, 121, 150,
151
Molded, 114, 150
Monday, 11, 12, 184
Monitor, 30, 39, 71, 72
Month, 70, 71, 167
Monthly, 65, 66, 70, 73,
163
Morrison, 39
Motion, 113, 117, 118,
119, 122, 150
Mouth, 92
Muzzle, 45, 112, 123,
141, 142, 143, 147,
150, 172
Naming, 4, 47, 88, 170
National Show, 3, 17,
25, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37, 38, 40, 99,
175, 17
Native, 48, 52, 53
Natural, 10, 89, 117,
142, 153, 187, 188
Navel, 121
NDHIA, 64, 65, 70, 73
NDHIP, 64, 65, 70, 73
Neck, 42, 45, 112, 114,
141, 143, 150
Needles, 172, 173
News & Events, 15, 18,
29, 37, 58, 68
Nine, 97, 98, 119
200
Ninety, 10, 104
Nomination, 11, 27,
165
Nominees, 21, 27
Nondisabling, 120, 146
Nonfunctioning, 120,
147
Non-lactating, 115, 151
Nonmembers, 26, 155,
156, 163
Nonrefundable, 83, 84,
164
NOP, 53
Nostrils, 112, 150
Notarized, 18, 60, 61
Nubians, 51, 122, 123
October, 50, 59, 66, 84,
88, 156, 158, 160,
164, 165, 188
Offending, 22, 104
Offense, 134
Officer, 10, 11, 13, 15,
23
Officiate, 91, 104, 108
Old, 23, 43, 82, 88, 98,
108, 173
One-day, 78, 107, 164
One-half, 88, 146, 170
One-third, 151
Operation, 9, 16, 33,
38, 39, 62
Opinion, 19, 88, 102,
106, 110
Option, 35, 80, 82, 86,
93, 137, 154, 181
Optional, 59, 92, 169
Organizations, 28, 29,
30, 39, 64
Orifice, 119, 120, 121,
146, 147
OS, 71, 74
OS-40, 74
Outer, 181, 182, 183,
184
Overshot, 117, 146
Over-uddering, 119
Own, 20, 22, 40, 91, 92,
107, 108, 110, 143,
168, 173, 188
Owner Sampler, 64, 67,
74, 78
Panel, 132, 133, 137
Pants, 138, 153
Participant, 129, 187
Participate, 11, 24, 64,
67, 69, 70, 80, 88,
127, 131, 133, 135,
171
Participation, 34, 77,
89, 134, 165, 167,
180, 181
Partnership, 27, 34,
168, 170, 183
Pastern, 113, 150
Paternal, 53
Payable, 17, 21, 24, 169
Pecuniary, 66, 85, 91
Pedigree, 164, 165
Pedigreed, 188
Pedigrees, 13, 39, 57,
78, 88, 155, 158, 164
Penalized, 121, 122
Penalties, 4, 91, 187
Percent, 9, 84, 88
Perform, 23, 24, 38, 41,
70, 92
Periodically, 18, 89
Permanently, 41, 154,
155, 170, 176
Permit, 60, 110
Perpendicular, 113,
121, 150
Personal, 15, 83, 86, 87,
126, 127, 134, 138,
168
Personnel, 11, 73
Petition, 9, 10, 11, 53,
86, 99
Piebald, 123, 148
Pinbone, 114, 150
Placement, 112, 116,
118, 119, 120, 123,
128, 132, 174
Placings, 34, 110, 125,
129
Plaque, 28, 29, 135
Pledge, 5, 134, 135,
137, 138
Pliable, 114, 115, 150,
151, 186
Poise, 111, 153
Policies, 3, 5, 25, 30,
32, 33, 38, 39, 42,
201
62, 96, 101, 102,
103, 156, 157
Poll, 29, 45, 112, 143
Poor, 81, 85
Pose, 152
Position, 23, 58, 107,
141, 152, 153, 188
Postal, 10, 15, 23
Posted, 91, 185
Postiness, 118, 146
Postmark, 83, 90, 136,
167, 185
Pounds, 67, 68, 77, 78,
80
Precocious, 95, 105,
149
Preference, 125, 141,
143
Pregnant, 117, 155
Preliminary, 77, 133
Pre-milking, 72
Premises, 65, 77, 87,
93, 186
Premium, 24, 94
Preshow, 4, 92, 93
President, 10, 11, 13,
14, 15, 16, 19, 21,
23, 27, 40, 41, 53,
73, 136, 137, 184
Pre-TC, 92, 129, 131
Prevent, 65, 96, 174,
181
Principal, 15, 22
Principles, 32
Private, 77, 88, 106,
155, 173
Privilege, 69, 80
Privileged, 22
Privileges, 17, 19, 20,
24, 65, 87, 111, 134
Processor, 58, 59, 60,
62
Produce, 34, 48, 66,
124, 125, 142, 157,
159, 188
Product, 52, 174, 188
Production Testing, 3,
25, 39, 42, 64, 67,
73, 78, 88, 165, 173
Products, 3, 25, 39, 41,
188
Professional, 24, 40, 41,
57, 88, 111, 134, 181
Prohibited, 22, 34, 186,
187
Project, 31, 40, 81
Prominent, 37, 38, 114,
120, 150
Promotion, 9, 24, 38,
167
Prone, 118, 119
Proof, 76, 89, 94, 154,
168, 177, 186
Property, 11, 16, 24, 31,
33, 158, 160, 162,
178
Proportion, 115, 117,
119, 124, 151
Proposal, 9, 23, 29, 41,
57
Propose, 16, 30, 39
Protected, 169, 171
Protocol, 5, 66
Protruding, 115, 120,
151
Proven, 40, 80, 106
Provincial, 186, 187
Provision, 22
Proxy, 175
PTA, 88
PTI, 88, 155
Publication, 20, 30, 31,
73, 77, 133, 156,
187, 189
Publicity, 3, 9, 25, 39
Publish, 68, 81, 89
Purchase, 33, 60, 175
Purchaser, 47, 154, 168
Pure, 53, 54, 143
Purebreds, 43, 44, 81,
93
Qualification, 88, 176
Qualifications, 10, 18,
36, 37, 41, 127
Quarters, 141
Radius, 37, 133
Random, 177
Random DNA Sampling
Program, 179, 180
Range, 3, 15, 25, 26,
38, 81, 117, 122, 137
Ranking, 155
202
Rate, 84, 157, 159, 163,
170, 181
Rating, 53, 68, 71, 72
Ratio, 88
Reappraisal, 4, 86
Reason, 22, 82, 93, 95,
102, 109, 126, 156,
181, 184
Recertification, 129
Reciprocal, 66
Recommendation, 17,
58, 73, 103, 137
Recording, 43, 47, 77,
87, 156, 157, 158,
160, 168, 182, 183
Recovery, 61, 62
Reference, 5, 81, 108,
111, 112
Referendum, 10
Referred, 19, 86, 98,
104, 137, 141, 173,
177
Refund, 68, 84
Refused, 67, 69, 83
Regional, 22, 76, 111
Registered/recorded,
42, 154, 170, 178
Registering, 4, 18, 44,
170
Registration, 3, 4, 9,
20, 25, 26, 34, 35,
39, 42, 43, 44, 45,
46, 47, 48, 49, 51,
53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
58, 59, 60, 61, 62,
63, 67, 76, 77, 78,
82, 83, 88, 89, 94,
96, 101, 102, 103,
105, 131, 132, 141,
142, 154, 155, 156,
157, 158, 160, 163,
164, 165, 167, 168,
169, 171, 172, 173,
174, 175, 176, 177,
178, 179
Registration/, 35, 39,
42, 44, 47, 59, 77,
82, 83, 89, 101, 154,
155, 156, 157, 163,
165, 168, 170, 171,
176, 177, 178
Registries, 30, 69, 92
Regulation, 9, 54, 153
Reimbursed, 26, 41
Reinstatement, 15, 17,
85
Reject, 15, 65
Relatives, 88, 175, 177
Release, 19, 20, 22, 34,
58, 156, 171, 172
Released, 169, 182, 187
Reliability, 88
Removal, 24, 62, 120
Removed, 38, 62, 73,
93, 170, 171, 174
Rendered, 28, 66, 68,
91
Renew, 127, 128, 129,
169
Renewed, 128, 135,
171, 172
Renewing, 127, 133,
135
Replace, 31, 86, 92,
153, 170
Replaced, 21, 40, 170,
173
Replacement, 31, 92,
170
Report of Awards, 103
Reported, 27, 65, 68,
69, 87, 156, 157, 159
Reporting, 66, 69, 156,
157
Represent, 10, 22, 41,
159
Representation, 10, 20,
41
Representatives, 30,
138, 187
Reprimand, 15, 103,
137, 138
Reproduce, 120, 124,
147, 157
Reproductive, 3, 25,
39, 60, 117, 121,
122, 124, 157, 179
Re-registered, 54
Re-registration, 46, 47,
54, 163
203
Research, 3, 25, 40, 41,
68, 81, 83, 88, 158,
160
Reservation, 163, 169
Reserved, 141, 170
Reserves, 64, 85, 137
Resident, 13, 14, 23, 81
Residents, 20, 23
Residing, 20, 21
Resolution, 5, 14, 15,
43, 104, 179, 180
Resource, 31
Respiratory, 117, 119
Response, 15, 58, 73,
120, 136
Responsibilities, 26, 32,
33, 38, 41, 134
Restrictions, 4, 90
Re-tattooed, 43, 102,
175
Retired, 135
Retiring, 27, 135
Return, 11, 12, 13, 23,
46, 54, 83, 103, 136,
153, 165
Revise, 9, 155
Revised, 55, 66, 78, 156
Revisions, 9, 78, 171
Revoked, 127, 134,
136, 137
Rib, 114, 115, 151
Ribbon, 95, 96, 111,
126
Ribbons, 36, 111
Ribs, 114, 150
Rights, 111, 120, 153,
158, 160
Ringside, 109, 110, 111,
166
Risk, 33, 83, 87
Rosette, 90, 94, 96, 165
Rosettes, 90, 165
Rounded, 115, 142, 151
Routing, 117, 118
Ruling, 58, 171, 173
Rump, 81, 113, 142,
147, 150
Rumped, 117, 146
Rush, 18, 163, 167
Rut, 121, 149
Saanens, 51, 122, 123,
143
Sables, 44, 46, 54, 122,
123
Safety, 33, 83, 87, 107,
174, 188
Sales, 5, 40, 175
Saliva, 186
Sample, 70, 124, 158,
160, 167, 179, 186
Sampler, 64, 67, 74, 78,
164
Sampling, 70, 77, 178
Sanction, 55, 90, 91, 93,
105, 116, 128, 165,
166
Sanctioning, 4, 90, 91,
93
Sanctions, 90, 93, 128,
136, 169
Sandburg, 5, 185
Sanitation, 119
Scale, 77, 81, 94, 132
Scaled, 126, 138
Scar, 115, 118, 146, 151
Scheduled, 129, 133
Schedules, 33
Scheduling, 4, 33, 36,
83, 84
Scholarship, 25, 165,
185
Scholarships, 3, 5, 25,
39, 185
Scorecard, 5, 110, 111,
112, 129, 131, 149,
166
Scorecards, 30, 32, 131,
134, 153
Scored, 85, 87
Scoring, 4, 87, 125,
127, 179
Scurs, 117, 146
Sealed, 11, 12, 181, 182
Season, 18, 114, 121,
150, 151, 155
Secondary, 22, 42, 81,
174
Secretary, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 16, 17,
19, 23, 24, 27, 30,
31, 40, 41, 46, 56,
204
57, 73, 76, 90, 91,
102, 103, 104, 107,
108, 116, 167, 177,
178
Secretary-Treasurer, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
16, 17, 19, 23, 24,
27, 31, 46, 56, 57,
73, 76, 167, 177, 178
Secure, 131, 182
Securing, 14, 172
Selecting, 4, 38, 112,
159
Sell, 26, 47, 109, 168
Selling, 47, 63, 154, 168
Seminar, 128, 129, 131
Senior, 4, 32, 91, 95,
96, 97, 98, 103, 105,
120, 149, 179
Separated, 118, 146,
184
September, 17, 18, 84,
164, 166, 171
Sequence, 20, 42, 125,
153, 171
Sequences, 43, 171
Serve, 14, 15, 23, 29,
40, 59, 62, 136, 154
Served, 27, 128, 170
Service Memo, 5, 42,
44, 59, 61, 62, 165,
169, 170
Serviced, 46, 57, 170
Sessions, 84, 132
Seven, 102, 118, 122
Severe, 120, 156
Severely, 116, 118, 119,
120, 122
Severity, 116, 117, 121,
123
SG, 155, 164
SGCH, 94, 99, 155, 164
Sheet, 5, 22, 36, 67, 82,
87, 136, 165, 182
Shipping, 90, 154, 165
Shirt, 139, 153
Shirts, 139
Shoes, 139, 153
Shorts, 107, 139
Shoulders, 117, 146,
150
Show, 3, 4, 5, 25, 28,
32, 33, 34, 35, 36,
37, 38, 40, 42, 43,
47, 54, 55, 78, 89,
90, 91, 92, 93, 94,
95, 96, 97, 98, 99,
101, 102, 103, 104,
105, 106, 107, 108,
109, 110, 116, 117,
119, 120, 124, 125,
127, 128, 131, 134,
135, 137, 138, 152,
153, 154, 155, 164,
165, 166, 170, 172,
175, 186, 187
Showcase, 33, 175
Showmanship, 5, 32,
125, 126, 131, 165
Showmen, 125, 153
Siblings, 65, 85, 91
Signature, 5, 12, 13,
20, 44, 47, 59, 62,
168, 169, 181, 182,
183, 184
Signatures, 5, 20, 57,
102, 168, 169
Signing, 83, 103, 108,
168, 169
Simultaneously, 53, 91
Sire Development, 4,
88
Sires, 69, 79, 80, 88,
125, 178
Six, 22, 36, 47, 85, 89,
93, 106, 131
Sixty, 15, 16, 19, 68,
134
Smooth, 107, 150, 151,
168
Soft, 119, 121, 143,
150, 151
Sold, 38, 46, 47, 155,
172
Son, 34, 79, 80
Sons, 79, 80
Special Appraisal, 84
Species, 110, 156
Specifically, 10, 15, 16,
31, 41, 46, 66, 91
Specifics, 93, 126, 174
205
Spectators, 111, 132,
133, 134
Spoiled, 182, 184
Sponsor, 92, 104
Sponsored, 40, 76
Spotlight, 3, 25, 26, 40,
165, 177, 179
Spotlight Sale, 3, 25,
26, 40, 165, 177, 179
Spouse, 18, 20, 65, 85,
91
SR, 101, 150, 151
ST, 64, 67, 71, 78, 79,
80
Stages, 116, 121, 123
Standardized, 26, 92
Standing, 3, 10, 16, 21,
80, 109, 116, 134,
168
Stars, 55, 64, 78
Stature, 69, 112, 150
Status, 18, 53, 55, 60,
66, 67, 92, 128, 135,
156, 157, 158, 160
Statutes, 186, 187
Steep, 117, 146
Stomach, 123, 145
Stomachs, 123, 148
Straw, 58, 59, 61, 133,
177
Stress, 118, 119
Strike, 137
Stripe, 45, 141, 143
Stripes, 45, 123, 141,
142, 143, 147
Stubs, 13, 117, 146,
181, 182, 183
Sturdy, 142, 143
Style, 108, 110, 150,
152, 173
Subcommittee, 3, 25,
38, 73
Subjective, 116, 122
Submission, 10, 16,
103, 158, 160, 165,
178
Subsection, 127
Subsequent, 19, 22, 57,
60, 62, 94, 128, 177
Substance, 77, 114,
150, 186, 187
Substances, 186, 187
Substituted, 12, 35
Successful, 24, 26, 126,
127, 132, 133, 135,
179
Successfully, 127, 128
Sufficient, 22, 96, 97,
98, 152, 154, 163,
182, 188
Suffix, 45, 171
Suggested, 5, 29, 58,
91, 132, 136, 153
Summaries, 81, 88
Superintendent, 76, 77,
168
Superior, 88, 89, 99,
155, 164
Superior Genetics, 99,
155, 164
Supervised, 69, 70, 105
Supplies, 132, 166
Supply, 56, 72, 77, 167
Support, 2, 26, 30, 109,
115, 117, 118, 150,
151, 188
Supporting, 26, 53, 57,
84, 104, 111, 112,
133
Surgical, 187
Survey, 19, 58
Suspended, 15, 20, 53,
134, 136
Suspension, 15, 20,
136, 137, 169
Suspensory, 115, 118,
151
Swiss, 61, 141, 142,
143, 147
Swollen, 118, 119, 146
Symbols, 172
Symmetrical, 115, 150
Symmetry, 110, 115,
119, 151
Systems, 118, 125
Tabulation, 10, 11, 12,
181, 182
Tailhead, 113, 150
Tally, 182, 183, 184
Tattoo, 3, 20, 42, 43,
45, 58, 59, 61, 62,
82, 83, 87, 92, 96,
206
101, 102, 156, 158,
160, 171, 172, 173,
174, 175, 176, 177
Tattooing, 5, 42, 102,
165, 172, 173
Teat, 118, 119, 120,
121, 146, 147
Techniques, 39, 77,
129, 131
Technologies, 25, 30,
39, 179
Technology, 3, 25, 39,
60, 62
Telephone, 89, 90
Teller, 182
Tellers, 181 182, 184
Temporarily, 77, 120,
184
Temporary, 22, 119,
120
Tenure, 103, 128, 129
Terminology, 5, 32,
110, 111, 130, 153
Tested, 70, 74, 78, 176,
178, 186
Tester, 65, 70
Testers, 70, 73
Testicle, 121, 147
Testicles, 121, 124, 147
Texture, 81, 115, 118,
119, 146, 151
Thigh, 114
Thin, 150, 152, 172
Third, 24, 70, 119, 122,
151, 172, 176
Thirty, 10, 15, 17, 19,
76, 182
Three-member, 70
Throat, 112, 114, 150
Thurl, 113, 150
Thurls, 113, 150
Tie, 11, 12, 23, 107, 138
Title, 21, 95
Toe, 113, 150
Toggenburgs, 52, 122,
123
Top Ten, 68, 71, 72, 164
Trade, 5, 42, 123, 155,
168, 173
Trade Practices, 5, 42,
168, 173
Trained, 70, 107
Trainer, 186, 187
Trainers, 186
Training Conference,
3, 5, 25, 26, 32, 126,
127, 128, 129, 131,
132, 133, 134, 135,
165
Trait, 81, 156
Traits, 57, 80, 81, 88
Transacted, 11, 21
Transaction, 166
Transfer, 4, 5, 15, 19,
20, 29, 39, 43, 44,
47, 54, 57, 61, 62,
63, 103, 158, 160,
163, 164, 168, 179,
186
Transferred, 18, 43,
44, 46, 47, 55, 101
Transfers, 4, 43, 57,
89, 168
Transport, 83, 84, 85,
173
Transportation, 106,
107, 133, 154, 188
Travel, 21, 26, 132
Trimmed, 152, 154
Trimming, 117, 118,
119
Trip, 107
Triplets, 125, 172
Trophies, 33, 36
Trustees, 40
Twelve, 10, 19
Twenty, 10, 12, 14, 15,
16, 18, 97, 98, 104,
172, 173
Twenty-five, 14, 18
Twenty-one, 10, 14, 15,
104, 173
Two-thirds, 11, 15, 16,
30, 113, 150, 151
Type, 3, 25, 26, 40, 45,
48, 49, 50, 51, 52,
59, 60, 67, 71, 81,
88, 89, 90, 110, 119,
123, 124, 125, 128,
138, 142, 147, 148,
149, 155, 169, 171,
176, 177, 184
207
Typed, 176, 177, 180
Udders, 119, 120, 125,
149
Underdeveloped, 120
Undershot, 117, 146
Uneven, 118, 119, 146
Unified, 129, 149, 166
Uniformity, 124, 125,
126
Uniformly, 115, 150,
151
Unique, 42, 45, 171,
172, 173, 174, 175,
176, 185
Unit, 34, 35, 61, 185
United, 9, 19, 44, 57,
134, 142, 185, 186
Units, 58, 59, 64
Unrecorded, 48, 49, 52
Unregistered, 47, 156,
168
Unrestricted, 97, 98, 99
Unsightly, 117, 118,
119
Upgrade, 121, 152
Upper, 88, 117
Urine, 186
USDA, 19, 60, 68
Vacancies, 11, 12, 22
Vacancy, 11, 21, 22
Valid, 20, 59, 60, 61, 89,
94, 103, 174, 175,
183
Value, 14, 155
Values, 32, 186
Veins, 172
Vendor, 26, 33, 34
Verifiable, 56, 57
Verification Test, 4,
36, 42, 68, 69, 70,
71, 72, 73, 74
Verified, 36, 42, 43, 57,
61, 181
Verify, 42, 60, 77, 89,
92, 107, 176, 181,
182
Vertebrae, 113, 150
Veterinarian, 57, 65,
82, 84, 154, 186,
187, 188
Vice, 13, 14, 23
Vigor, 124, 143, 151,
188
Vigorous, 114, 142, 143
Violate, 186, 187
Violating, 22, 65
Violations, 86, 94
Virginia, 20
Visitors, 26, 185
Void, 12, 23, 43, 47,
134
Volumes, 64, 165
Voluntary, 177, 178,
179
Vote, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 30, 34,
37, 73, 85, 168, 181,
182, 183, 184
Voted, 11, 27, 182, 183,
184
Voter, 12, 181, 182, 183
Voters, 165, 181, 182,
183
Waive, 76, 137
Walk, 106, 112, 150,
152, 167
Walking, 120, 147, 152
Walks, 112
Wall, 112, 135, 150
Water, 173, 188
Wattles, 143
Weak, 107, 124, 159
Weakness, 118, 125
Web, 86, 171, 172, 173
Website, 17, 20, 29,
128, 136, 167, 169,
181, 182, 184, 185
Wedge-shaped, 114,
150
Week, 24, 85, 87, 107,
110, 165, 175
Weeks, 83, 84, 85, 90,
119
Weighed, 70, 77
Weighs, 71
Weights, 70, 71, 72, 77,
122
West, 20, 142
Western, 44, 54, 60
Wins, 55, 97, 98, 99,
104, 164
208
Working, 26, 30, 41,
102, 107, 126, 132,
173, 186
Workshop, 88, 165
Yield, 65, 116, 155, 159
Youngsters, 126
Youth, 3, 18, 25, 30, 33,
36, 40, 67, 83, 97,
98, 99, 105, 130,
132, 165, 166, 167,
182, 183, 185, 186
Youth/4-H/FFA, 3, 25,
40
