Student Success Centre StFX University 2019
APA Citations & References – 7
th
Edition (Basic Guide)
• In-text citations include page numbers or other locators for all specific parts cited: p. 10, pp. 10-15, chapter 3, figure 2, para. 9, and the like.
• Ideally, use direct sources. If you must cite a source used by another, identify the originator in your text: “Judd referred to… (as cited
in Payne, 2016, para. 1).”
• If two authors (or first authors) share a surname, include their initials in your in-text citations.
• Multiple in-text citations are combined as (Bargesen, 2006; Heisig, 2011, p. 75).
• List sources alphabetically, double-spaced, with a hanging indentation, on a new page headed “References” at the end of your paper.
• For unknown (not corporate) authors, use the title to begin the reference entry. In citations, use the first few words of the title, italicized for
books or reports, otherwise in quotation marks, as (“St. Francis Xavier,” n.d.)
• Classical texts with standard sections (the Bible, Qur’an, etc.) and personal communications may be cited in-text and omitted from the
References list.
• If an author appears more than once, list the sources chronologically; if the same author appears more than once with the same year, use
“1999a,” “1999b.”
• If an author appears first among several on a source, any single-author entries by the same person are listed above the joint publication,
regardless of date.
• If necessary, after the title of a web-based, multimedia, or other unusually formatted source, include [Powerpoint slides],
[Video file], [Bibliography], [Transcript], or the like.
• Use a retrieval date when the source is likely to change over time (like a wiki).
Source
References
In-Text Citation
Book or E-Book
Author’s Surname, Initial(s). (date). Book title [Edition]. Publisher. Doi {if available}
Beck, C. A. J., & Sales, B. D. (2001). Family mediation: Facts, myths, and future
prospects. American Psychological Association.
Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to
healing, recovery, and growth [Adobe Digital Editions version]. McGraw
Hill. https://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0071393722
Beck and Sales (2001) argue that ...
(Beck & Sales, 2001).
According to Schiraldi (2001),
“the…” (p. 9).
(Schiraldi, 2001, p. 9).
Chapter in edited
book
Author’s Surname, Initial(s). (year). Article or chapter title. In Initial(s) Surname(s) of editor(s) (Ed.) or (Eds.), Book
title (pp. page range). Publisher.
Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human
memory. In H. L. Roediger III, & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of
memory & consciousness (pp. 309–330). Erlbaum.
Bjork (1989) studied the
“inhibitions of …” (p. 302).
(Bjork, 1989, pp. 302-310).
Editions, reprints
and translations
Editor’s Surname, Initial(s) (Ed.) or (Eds.). (date). Book title. Publisher.
Gibbs, J.T., & Huang, L.N. (Eds.). (1991). Children of color: Psychological
interventions with minority youth. Josey-Bass.
In a previous study of minority
groups the “ … ” (Gibbs & Huang,
1991, p. 47).
Student Success Centre StFX University 2019
Source
References
In-Text Citation
Journal article, 2
authors, volume
and issue #s
Authors’ Surnames, Initials. (year). Article title. Journal Title, volume #(issue #), page range.
Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in
organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research,
45(2), 10–36.
Kimoski and Palmer (1993)
explain that the “…” (p. 26).
(Kimoski & Palmer, 1993, p.
26).
Journal article, 3
or more authors
Saywitz, K.J., Mannarino, A.P., Berliner, L., & Cohen, J.A. (2000). Treatment for
sexually abused children and adolescents. American Psychologist, 55, 1040-
1049.
According to Saywitz et al.
(2000), ….
(Saywitz et al., 2000).
Journal article, 21
or more authors
Gilbert, D.G., McClernon, J.F., Rabinovich, N.E., Sugai, C., Plath, L.C., Asgaard,
G., Jacob, O., Sharan, L. Mirza, M., Seedat, R., Garrido, T., Cumbrera, N.,
Sreenivas, S., Saxena, P., Stein, V. Andreade, H., Borges, B., Jin, L., Sagar,
P., … Botros, N. (2004). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation […]
(Gilbert et al., 2004)
Journal article
with doi or URL
Author’s Surname, Initial(s). (year). Article title. Journal Title, volume #(issue #), page range. Doi/URL {hyperlinked}
Stultz, J. (2006). Integrating exposure therapy and analytic therapy in trauma
treatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(4), 482–488.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482
Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem
mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-
Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38–48.
http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap/articleview/71/100
As Stultz (2006) explains,
trauma treatment “ …” (p. 488).
(Stultz, 2006, p. 488).
… influenced by the perceptions
of their parents’ love for them as
children (Sillick & Schutte,
2006).
Website with
author, with an
institutional
author, and with
an institutional
author but no date
Author’s surname, Initials. (year). Title. Retrieved date, from URL {hyperlinked}
Hucker, S. H. (2006). Forensic mental health: An overview.
http://www.forensicpsychiatry.ca/intro.htm
Student Success Centre. (2018, April 6). Exam essay outlining [Video].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chv4eIVxqiI&feature=youtu.be
Title of Document. (last update or copyright date or n.d.). Title of website. Retrieved date, from URL {hyperlinked}
United Nations. (n.d.). Climate change. Retrieved Dec 17, 2019, from
https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/climate-change/
(Hucker, 2006).
(Student Success Centre [SSC],
2018).
According the United Nations
(UN, n.d., Human Rights
section, para. 6), …
(United Nations [UN], n.d.).
(UN, n.d.)
